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Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction: Difference between revisions
Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction (view source)
Revision as of 22:11, 25 April 2022
, 25 April 2022fixed dead link and removed dead and redundant ones (hadith links give the arabic on quranx now anyway)
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﴿مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ﴾ | ﴿مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ﴾ | ||
(from Nutfah Amshaj,) "This means the fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman when they meet and mix.” Then man changes after this from stage to stage, condition to condition and color to color. `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all made statements similar to this. They said, "Amshaj is the mixing of the man’s fluid with the woman’s fluid.”<ref>[http:// | (from Nutfah Amshaj,) "This means the fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman when they meet and mix.” Then man changes after this from stage to stage, condition to condition and color to color. `Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all made statements similar to this. They said, "Amshaj is the mixing of the man’s fluid with the woman’s fluid.”<ref>[http://qtafsir.com/Surah-Al-Insan/Allah-created-Man-after-He-did--- Tafsir of Ibn Kathir for 76:2]</ref>}} | ||
In each case, the word translated “fluid” is m<U>a</U>a<ref>For the Arabic: http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=7&tSoraNo=76&tAyahNo=2&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1</ref> (see above for definition), so there is no case for retro-fitting the sperm or ovum into it. Similar comments from Muhammad’s [[Sahabah|companions]] appear in [[al-Tabari]]’s Tafsir on 76:2. His companions apparently believed that the mingled nu<U>t</U>fah was a mixture of male and female semen. | In each case, the word translated “fluid” is m<U>a</U>a<ref>For the Arabic: http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=7&tSoraNo=76&tAyahNo=2&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1</ref> (see above for definition), so there is no case for retro-fitting the sperm or ovum into it. Similar comments from Muhammad’s [[Sahabah|companions]] appear in [[al-Tabari]]’s Tafsir on 76:2. His companions apparently believed that the mingled nu<U>t</U>fah was a mixture of male and female semen. | ||
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===Semen stage lasts 40 days=== | ===Semen stage lasts 40 days=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|33|6395}}|Abu Tufail reported: I visited Abu Sariha Hudhaifa b. Usaid al-Ghifari who said: I listened with these two ears of mine Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The semen [nu<U>t</U>fata] | {{Quote|{{Muslim|33|6395}}|Abu Tufail reported: I visited Abu Sariha Hudhaifa b. Usaid al-Ghifari who said: I listened with these two ears of mine Allahs Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The semen [nu<U>t</U>fata] stays in the womb for forty nights, then the angel, gives it a shape. Zubair said: I think that he said: One who fashions that and decides whether he would be male or female…}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|93|546}}|Narrated ‘Abdullah bin Mas’ud: Allah’s Apostle the true and truly inspired, narrated to us, "The creation of everyone of you starts with the process of collecting the material for his body within forty days and forty nights in the womb of his mother. Then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period (40 days) and then he becomes like a piece of flesh for a similar period…}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|93|546}}|Narrated ‘Abdullah bin Mas’ud: Allah’s Apostle the true and truly inspired, narrated to us, "The creation of everyone of you starts with the process of collecting the material for his body within forty days and forty nights in the womb of his mother. Then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period (40 days) and then he becomes like a piece of flesh for a similar period…}} | ||
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===Gender determined after 40 days=== | ===Gender determined after 40 days=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|33|6392}}|Hudhaifa b. Usaid reported directly from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) that he said: When the drop of [nu<U>t</U>fati] | {{Quote|{{Muslim|33|6392}}|Hudhaifa b. Usaid reported directly from Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) that he said: When the drop of [nu<U>t</U>fati] (semen) remains in the womb for forty or fifty (days) or forty nights, the angel comes and says: My Lord, will he be good or evil? And both these things would be written. Then the angel says: My Lord, would he be male or female? And both these things are written…}} | ||
See also {{Muslim|33|6395}} quoted above, for example. Once again, we see that this is an idea from the Talmud: | See also {{Muslim|33|6395}} quoted above, for example. Once again, we see that this is an idea from the Talmud: | ||
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{{Quote|Sahih Muslim, Book of Marriage, Chapter on al-‘Azl, No. 1483|Not from all the sperm a fetus is created and if God wills to create anything, nothing can debar him.}} | {{Quote|Sahih Muslim, Book of Marriage, Chapter on al-‘Azl, No. 1483|Not from all the sperm a fetus is created and if God wills to create anything, nothing can debar him.}} | ||
The first thing to point out is that the word translated “sperm” in the apologists’ translation is actually m<U>a</U>a in the Arabic, | The first thing to point out is that the word translated “sperm” in the apologists’ translation is actually m<U>a</U>a in the Arabic, which as mentioned above, means water/fluid and is a euphemism for semen. This is also apparent in another translation of the exact same hadith: | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3381}}|Abu Sa’id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was asked about ‘azl, whereupon he said: The child does not come from all the liquid (semen) and when Allah intends to create anything nothing can prevent it (from coming into existence).}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3381}}|Abu Sa’id al-Khudri (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was asked about ‘azl, whereupon he said: The child does not come from all the liquid (semen) and when Allah intends to create anything nothing can prevent it (from coming into existence).}} | ||
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While on the subject of ‘azl, and another practice, ghila, which is a man having intercourse with his wife while she is suckling, we see that Muhammad openly admits to his knowledge of and interest in the reproductive practices of the Byzantines (“Romans”) and Sassanids (“Persians”): | While on the subject of ‘azl, and another practice, ghila, which is a man having intercourse with his wife while she is suckling, we see that Muhammad openly admits to his knowledge of and interest in the reproductive practices of the Byzantines (“Romans”) and Sassanids (“Persians”): | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3394}}|Sa’d b. Abu Waqqas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that a person came to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: I do ‘azi [‘azil] | {{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3394}}|Sa’d b. Abu Waqqas (Allah be pleased with him) reported that a person came to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: I do ‘azi [‘azil] with my wife. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Why do you do that? The person said: I fear harm to her child or her children. Thereupon Allah’s Messenger (way peace be upon him) said: If that were harmful it would harm the '''Persians and Romans'''.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3392}}|Judama daughter of Wahb, sister of Ukkasha (Allah be pleased with her). reported: I went to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) along with some persons and he was saying: I intended to prohibit cohabitation with the suckling women, but I considered the '''Greeks ["Romans" in the Arabic] and Persians''', and saw that they suckle their children and this thing (cohabitation) does not do any harm to them (to the suckling women). Then they asked him about ‘azl, whereupon he said. That is the secret (way of) burying alive, and Ubaidullah has made this addition in the hadith transmitted by al-Muqri and that is:" When the one buried alive is asked."}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3392}}|Judama daughter of Wahb, sister of Ukkasha (Allah be pleased with her). reported: I went to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) along with some persons and he was saying: I intended to prohibit cohabitation with the suckling women, but I considered the '''Greeks ["Romans" in the Arabic] and Persians''', and saw that they suckle their children and this thing (cohabitation) does not do any harm to them (to the suckling women). Then they asked him about ‘azl, whereupon he said. That is the secret (way of) burying alive, and Ubaidullah has made this addition in the hadith transmitted by al-Muqri and that is:" When the one buried alive is asked."}} | ||