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| {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} | | {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} |
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| According to the tradition, Muhammad, as was common practice in the region as the time, endorsed and ordered the use of burning, crucifixion, amputation, and other physical torments, both as punishments for his enemies and in order to gain information. These punishments were all common and practiced by the neighboring Byzantine Empire, Sassanid Empire and the Arab kings and warlords of the time.
| | Selon la tradition, Mohammed , a approuvé et même ordonné l'utilisation de la brûlure, de la crucifixion, de l'amputation et d'autres tourments physiques, à la fois comme punitions pour ses ennemis et pour obtenir des informations. Concernant la torture par le Feu , la règle est l'interdiction car considéré comme un châtiment exclusif à Allah mais il existe des exceptions en effet Mohamed et les plus illustres compagnons ont fait usage de torture par le feu ( voir fatwa à la fin de cette article ) . Ces punitions étaient toutes courantes et pratiquées par l'Empire byzantin voisin, l'Empire sassanide et les rois et seigneurs de guerre arabes de l'époque. |
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| ==Qur'an== | | ==Coran== |
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| {{Quote|{{Quran|5|33}}|The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His messenger and strive to make mischief in the land '''is only this, that they should be murdered or crucified or their hands and their feet should be cut off on opposite sides or they should be imprisoned; this shall be as a disgrace for them in this world,''' and in the hereafter they shall have a grievous chastisement,}} | | {{Quote|{{Quran|5|33}}| L'unique rétribution de ceux qui font la guerre contre Allah et Son messager, et qui s'efforcent de semer la corruption sur la terre, c'est qu'ils ''' soient tués, ou crucifiés, ou que soient coupées leur main et leur jambe opposées, ou qu'ils soient expulsés du pays. ''' Ce sera pour eux l'ignominie ici-bas; et dans l'au-delà, il y aura pour eux un énorme châtiment |
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| {{Quote|{{Quran|8|12}}|When your Lord revealed to the angels: I am with you, therefore make firm those who believe. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore '''strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them'''.}} | | {{Quote|{{Quran|8|12}}| Et ton Seigneur révéla aux Anges: "Je suis avec vous: affermissez donc les croyants. Je vais jeter l'effroi dans les coeurs des mécréants.''' Frappez donc au-dessus des cous et frappez-les sur tous les bouts des doigts ''' |
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| {{Quote|{{Quran|8|12}}|When thy Lord inspired the angels, (saying): I am with you. So make those who believe stand firm. I will throw fear into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Then smite the necks and '''smite of them each finger'''.}}
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| ==Hadith== | | ==Hadith== |
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| ===Sahih Bukhari=== | | ===Sahih Bukhari/Muslim / Daoud=== |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|261}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: A group of eight men from the tribe of 'Ukil came to the Prophet and then they found the climate of Medina unsuitable for them. So, they said, "O Allah's Apostle! Provide us with some milk." Allah's Apostle said, "I recommend that you should join the herd of camels." So they went and drank the urine and the milk of the camels (as a medicine) till they became healthy and fat. Then they killed the shepherd and drove away the camels, and they became unbelievers after they were Muslims. When the Prophet was informed by a shouter for help, he sent some men in their pursuit, and before the sun rose high, they were brought, '''and he had their hands and feet cut off. Then he ordered for nails which were heated and passed over their eyes, and whey were left in the Harra (i.e. rocky land in Medina). They asked for water, and nobody provided them with water till they died''' (Abu Qilaba, a sub-narrator said, "They committed murder and theft and fought against Allah and His Apostle, and spread evil in the land.")}} | | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|261}}{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}{{Bukhari|5|59|505}}{{Bukhari|7|71|623}}{{Bukhari|8|82|794}}{{Bukhari|8|82|796}}{{Bukhari|8|82|797}}{{Bukhari|9|83|37}}{{Bukhari|2|24|577}}{{Muslim|16|4131}}{{Muslim|16|4130}}{{Muslim|16|4132}}|Narré par Anas ibn Malik : Un groupe de huit hommes de la tribu de 'Ukil vint voir le Prophète et ils trouvèrent alors que le climat de Médine ne leur convenait pas. Alors, ils ont dit: "Ô Apôtre d'Allah! Fournissez-nous du lait." L'Apôtre d'Allah a dit: "Je vous recommande de rejoindre mon troupeau de chameaux." Alors ils sont allés et ont bu l'urine et le lait des chameaux (comme médicament) jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient sentirent mieux et reprirent des forces . Puis ils ont tué le berger et chassé les chameaux, et ils sont devenus mécréants après être devenus musulmans. Lorsque le Prophète fut informé , il envoya des hommes à leur poursuite, et avant que le soleil ne se lève haut, ils furent capturés, ''' et il eut les mains et les pieds coupés. Puis il a commandé des clous qui ont été chauffés et frottés sur leurs yeux puis ont été jetté sous le soleil ils ont été laissé dans la Harra (c'est-à-dire la terre rocheuse de Médine). Ils ont demandé de l'eau, et personne ne leur en a fourni jusqu'à leur mort''' |
| | Abu Qilaba, un des narrateur a dit : "Ils ont commis des meurtres et des vols et ont combattu Allah et Son Apôtre, et ont répandu le mal dans le pays.")}}cette histoire est présente dans presque tous les recueils de hadith Sahih sans variation dans l'histoire seul quelques mots changent, par soucis de lecture nous exposons uniquement l'une des versions présentes chez boukhari mais en référence( en bleu ) vous avez les autres sources de ce hadith ainsi que les autres variantes les de chez Boukhari ( une dizaine) et de Muslim (deux) {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|795}}{{Muslim|16|4134}}|Narré par Anas : Le Prophète a coupé les mains et les pieds des hommes appartenant à la tribu des 'Uraina et '''n'a pas cautérisé (leurs membres saignants)''' jusqu'à leur mort.}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}|Narrated Abu Qilaba: Anas said, "Some people of 'Ukl or 'Uraina tribe came to Medina and its climate did not suit them. So the Prophet ordered them to go to the herd of (Milch) camels and to drink their milk and urine (as a medicine). So they went as directed and after they became healthy, they killed the shepherd of t e Prophet and drove away all the camels. The news reached the Prophet early in the morning and he sent (men) in their pursuit and they were captured and brought at noon. He then ordered to cut their hands and feet (and it was done), and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron, They were put in 'Al-Harra' and when they asked for water, no water was given to them." Abu Qilaba said, "Those people committed theft and murder, became infidels after embracing Islam and fought against Allah and His Apostle ."}} | | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|626}}|Rapporté Abu Huraira: Le Prophète a dit: "Aucune prière n'est plus difficile pour les hypocrites que le Fajr et les prières 'Isha' et s'ils connaissaient la récompense de ces prières à leurs moments respectifs, ils se présenteraient certainement (dans les mosquées) même s'ils devaient ramper." Le Prophète a ajouté: "Certainement, j'ai décidé d'ordonner au Mu'adh-dhin (celui qui fait l'appel à la priere ) de prononcer Iqama et d'ordonner à un homme de diriger la prière, puis de prendre une flamme de feu pour brûler tous ceux qui n'avaient pas quitté leur maisons jusqu'à présent pour la prière avec leurs maisons.'''"}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|505}}|Narrated Anas: | | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|260}}|Ikrima a rapporté: '''Ali a brûlé certaines personnes''' et cette nouvelle est parvenue à Ibn 'Abbas, qui a dit: "Si j'avais été à sa place, je ne les aurais pas brûlés, comme le Prophète a dit: 'Ne punissez pas (personne ) avec le châtiment d'Allah.' Sans aucun doute, je les aurais tués, car le Prophète a dit : « Si quelqu'un (un musulman) abandonne sa religion, tuez-le. "}} |
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| Some people of the tribe of 'Ukl and 'Uraina arrived at Medina to meet the Prophet and embraced Islam and said, "O Allah's Prophet! We are the owners of milch livestock (i.e. bedouins) and not farmers (i.e. countrymen)." They found the climate of Medina unsuitable for them. So Allah's Apostle ordered that they should be provided with some milch camels and a shepherd and ordered them to go out of Medina and to drink the camels' milk and urine (as medicine) So they set out and when they reached Al-Harra, they reverted to Heathenism after embracing Islam, and killed the shepherd of the Prophet and drove away the camels. When this news reached the Prophet, he sent some people in pursuit of them. (So they were caught and brought back to the Prophet ). The Prophet gave his orders in their concern. So their eyes were branded with pieces of iron and their hands and legs were cut off and they were left away in Harra till they died in that state of theirs. (See Hadith 234 Vol 1)}}
| | ===Abu Daoud=== |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|623}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: | | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4356}}|Narré Abdullah ibn Umar: Certaines personnes ont attaqué les chameaux du Prophète, les ont chassés et ont apostasié. Ils ont tué le berger du Messager d'Allah qui était un croyant. Il (le Prophète) a envoyé (des gens) à leur poursuite et ils ont été capturés. '''Il avait les mains et les pieds coupés, et les yeux crevés.''' '''Le verset concernant le combat contre Allah et Son Prophète (paix soit sur lui) a ensuite été révélé.''' C'étaient les gens dont Anas ibn Malik a informé al-Hajjaj quand il lui a demandé.}} |
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| Some people from the tribes of 'Ukl and 'Uraina came to Allah's Apostle and embraced Islam and said, "O Allah's Apostle! We are owners of livestock and have never been farmers," and they found the climate of Medina unsuitable for them. So Allah's Apostle ordered that they be given some camels and a shepherd, and ordered them to go out with those camels and drink their milk and urine. So they set out, but when they reached a place called Al-Harra, they reverted to disbelief after their conversion to Islam, killed the shepherd and drove away the camels. When this news reached the Prophet he sent in their pursuit (and they were caught and brought). The Prophet ordered that their eyes be branded with heated iron bars and their hands be cut off, and they were left at Al-Harra till they died in that state.}}
| | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4357}}|Narré AbuzZinad: Quand '''le Messager d'Allah (paix soit sur lui) a coupé (les mains et les pieds de) ceux qui avaient volé ses chameaux et il a eu les yeux détruits par le feu ,''' ' ''Allah l'a réprimandé pour cette (action)''' et Allah, l'Exalté, a révélé: ''' "L'unique rétribution de ceux qui font la guerre contre Allah et Son Messager et luttent avec force et force pour le mal à travers la terre est l'exécution ou la crucifixion ." '''}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|794}}|Narrated Anas: | | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4359}}|D'après Abdullah ibn Abbas : Le verset "La punition de ceux qui font la guerre contre Allah et Son Apôtre, et s'efforcent avec force et force pour le mal à travers la terre est l'exécution, ou la crucifixion, ou la coupure des mains et des pieds du côté opposé ou l'exil de la terre...le plus miséricordieux" a été révélé à propos des polythéistes. '''Si l'un d'eux se repent avant d'être arrêté, cela n'empêche pas de lui infliger la punition prescrite''' qu'il mérite.}} |
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| Some people from the tribe of 'Ukl came to the Prophet and embraced Islam. The climate of Medina did not suit them, so the Prophet ordered them to go to the (herd of milch) camels of charity and to drink, their milk and urine (as a medicine). They did so, and after they had recovered from their ailment (became healthy) they turned renegades (reverted from Islam) and killed the shepherd of the camels and took the camels away. The Prophet sent (some people) in their pursuit and so they were (caught and) brought, and the Prophets ordered that their hands and legs should be cut off and that their eyes should be branded with heated pieces of iron, and that their cut hands and legs should not be cauterized, till they die.}}
| | ==Sira== |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|796}}|Narrated Anas: A group of people from 'Ukl (tribe) came to the Prophet and they were living with the people of As-Suffa, but they became ill as the climate of Medina did not suit them, so they said, "O Allah's Apostle! Provide us with milk." The Prophet said, I see no other way for you than to use the camels of Allah's Apostle." So they went and drank the milk and urine of the camels, (as medicine) and became healthy and fat. Then they killed the shepherd and took the camels away. When a help-seeker came to Allah's Apostle, he sent some men in their pursuit, and they were captured and brought before mid day. The Prophet ordered for some iron pieces to be made red hot, and their eyes were branded with them and their hands and feet were cut off and were not cauterized. Then they were put at a place called Al-Harra, and when they asked for water to drink they were not given till they died. (Abu Qilaba said, "Those people committed theft and murder and fought against Allah and His Apostle.")}}
| | ===Ibn Ishaq=== |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|797}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik: A group of people from 'Ukl (or 'Uraina) tribe ----but I think he said that they were from 'Ukl came to Medina and (they became ill, so) the Prophet ordered them to go to the herd of (Milch) she-camels and told them to go out and drink the camels' urine and milk (as a medicine). So they went and drank it, and when they became healthy, they killed the shepherd and drove away the camels. This news reached the Prophet early in the morning, so he sent (some) men in their pursuit and they were captured and brought to the Prophet before midday. He ordered to cut off their hands and legs and their eyes to be branded with heated iron pieces and they were thrown at Al-Harra, and when they asked for water to drink, they were not given water. (Abu Qilaba said, "Those were the people who committed theft and murder and reverted to disbelief after being believers (Muslims), and fought against Allah and His Apostle").}} | | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=312}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=649}}|Mohammed ibn. Amr , m'a dit que 'Umar avait dit à l'apôtre : 'Laisse-moi arracher les deux dents de devant de Suhayl ; sa langue sortira et il ne pourra plus parler contre toi. Il répondit: "Je ne le mutilerai pas, sinon Dieu me mutilerait bien que je sois prophète."<br> |
| | J'ai entendu dire que dans cette tradition l'apôtre a dit à 'Umar, 'Peut-être qu'il prendra une position pour laquelle vous ne le blâmerez pas".}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|83|37}}|Narrated Abu Qilaba: Once 'Umar bin 'Abdul 'Aziz sat on his throne in the courtyard of his house so that the people might gather before him. Then he admitted them and (when they came in), he said, "What do you think of Al-Qasama?" They said, "We say that it is lawful to depend on Al-Qasama in Qisas, as the previous Muslim Caliphs carried out Qisas depending on it." Then he said to me, "O Abu Qilaba! What do you say about it?" He let me appear before the people and I said, "O Chief of the Believers! You have the chiefs of the army staff and the nobles of the Arabs. If fifty of them testified that a married man had committed illegal sexual intercourse in Damascus but they had not seen him (doing so), would you stone him?" He said, "No." I said, "If fifty of them testified that a man had committed theft in Hums, would you cut off his hand though they did not see him?" He replied, "No." I said, "By Allah, Allah's Apostle never killed anyone except in one of the following three situations: (1) A person who killed somebody unjustly, was killed (in Qisas,) (2) a married person who committed illegal sexual intercourse and (3) a man who fought against Allah and His Apostle and deserted Islam and became an apostate." Then the people said, "Didn't Anas bin Malik narrate that Allah's Apostle cut off the hands of the thieves, branded their eyes and then, threw them in the sun?" I said, "I shall tell you the narration of Anas. Anas said: "Eight persons from the tribe of 'Ukl came to Allah's Apostle and gave the Pledge of allegiance for Islam (became Muslim). The climate of the place (Medina) did not suit them, so they became sick and complained about that to Allah's Apostle. He said (to them ), "Won't you go out with the shepherd of our camels and drink of the camels' milk and urine (as medicine)?" They said, "Yes." So they went out and drank the camels' milk and urine, and after they became healthy, they killed the shepherd of Allah's Apostle and took away all the camels. This news reached Allah's Apostle , so he sent (men) to follow their traces and '''they were captured and brought (to the Prophet). He then ordered to cut their hands and feet, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron, and then he threw them in the sun till they died."''' I said, "What can be worse than what those people did? They deserted Islam, committed murder and theft."...}} | | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=316}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=657}}|Yazid b. Abu Habib de Bukayr b. 'Abdallah b. al-Ashajj de Sulayman b. Yasar d'Abu Ishaq al-Dausi d'Abu Hurayra, m'a dit que ce dernier a dit : « L'apôtre m'a envoyé parmi un certain nombre de pillards avec des ordres que si nous mettions la main sur Habbar ou l'autre homme qui est arrivé le premier à Zaynab avec lui, nous devions les brûler au feu. Le jour suivant, '''il nous envoya dire : « Je vous ai dit de brûler ces deux hommes si vous les teniez ; puis j'ai réfléchi que personne n'a le droit de punir par le feu, sauf Dieu, donc si vous les capturez, tuez-les. '''}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|24|577}}|Narrated Anas: Some people from 'Uraina tribe came to Medina and its climate did not suit them, so Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) allowed them to go to the herd of camels (given as Zakat) and they drank their milk and urine (as medicine) but they killed the shepherd and drove away all the camels. So Allah's Apostle sent (men) in their pursuit to catch them, and they were brought, and he had '''their hands and feet cut, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron and they were left in the Harra (a stony place at Medina) biting the stones'''. (See Hadith No. 234, Vol. 1)}}
| | ===Al Tabari=== |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|82|795}}|Narrated Anas: The Prophet cut off the hands and feet of the men belonging to the tribe of 'Uraina and '''did not cauterise (their bleeding limbs)''' till they died.}}
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|11|626}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to crawl." The Prophet added, "Certainly I decided to order the Mu'adh-dhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then '''take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses.'''"}}
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|260}}|Narrated Ikrima: '''Ali burnt some people''' and this news reached Ibn 'Abbas, who said, "Had I been in his place I would not have burnt them, as the Prophet said, 'Don't punish (anybody) with Allah's Punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet said, 'If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him.' "}} | | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=133}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=528-529}}<br>See Also Ishaq:387|Selon Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq: Quand le Messager de Dieu a vu Hamzah dans cet état (éventré avec son foi extrait et mangé par Hind), il a dit: "Si ce n'était pas que Safiyyah pleurerait, ou que cela deviendrait une sunnah (pratique standard) après moi, je le quitterais pour qu'il trouver son chemin dans le ventre des bêtes sauvages ou les récoltes des oiseaux. Si Dieu me donne la victoire sur Quraysh à tout moment,''' je vais mutiler trente de leurs hommes !" '''Lorsque les musulmans virent la douleur et la rage du Messager de Dieu face à ce qui avait été fait à son oncle, ils dirent : « Par Dieu, si un jour nous sommes victorieux contre eux, '''nous les mutilerons d'une manière qu'aucun des Arabes ne n'a jamais mutilé quelqu'un." '''}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|487}}| Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Your (ordinary) fire is one of 70 parts of the (Hell) Fire." Someone asked, "O Allah's Apostle This (ordinary) fire would have been sufficient (to torture the unbelievers)," Allah's Apostle said, "The (Hell) Fire has 69 parts more than the ordinary (worldly) fire, each part is as hot as this (worldly) fire." }} | | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=96-97}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=643}}|Son histoire est la suivante. Selon Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq, qui a dit : Le Messager de Dieu a envoyé Zayd à Wadi al-Qura, où il rencontra les Banu Fazarah. Certains de ses compagnons y furent tués, et Zayd fut emmené blessé parmi les tués. L'une des personnes tuées était Ward b. 'Amr, l'un des membres de la bande Sa'd b. Hudhaym : il a été tué par l'un des Banu Badr [b. Fazara]. Quand Zayd est revenu, il a juré qu'aucun lavage [pour le nettoyer) de l'impureté ne devrait toucher sa tête jusqu'à ce qu'il ait attaqué le Fazarah. Après avoir récupéré de ses blessures, le Messager de Dieu l'envoya avec une armée contre les Banu Fazarah. Il les a rencontrés à Wadi al-Qura et leur a infligé de lourdes pertes . Qais b. al-Musahhar al-Ya'muri a tué Mas'adah b. Hakamah b. Malik b. Badr et fait prisonnier Umm Qirfah. (Son nom était Falimah bt. Rabi'ah b. Badr. Elle était mariée à Malik b. Hudhayfah b. Badr. Elle était une très vieille femme.) Il a également pris une des filles d'Umm Qirfah et 'Abdallah b. Mas'adah prisonnier. Zaid b. Harithah a ordonné à Qays de''' tuer Umm Qirfah, et il l'a tuée cruellement. Il a attaché chacune de ses jambes avec une corde et a attaché les cordes à deux chameaux, et ils l'ont coupée en deux. ''' Puis ils ont amené la fille d'Umm Qirfah et 'Abdallah b. Mas'adah au Messager de Dieu. La fille d'Umm Qirfah appartenait à Salamah b. 'Amr b. al-Akwa', qui l'avait prise, elle appartenait à une famille distinguée de son peuple : les Arabes avaient l'habitude de dire : « Si tu avais été plus puissant qu'Umm Qirfah, tu n'aurais pas pu faire plus. Le Messager de Dieu la demanda à Salamah, et Salamah la lui donna. Il la donna ensuite à son oncle maternel, Hazn b. Abi Wahb, et elle lui enfanta 'Abd al-Rahman b. Hazn.}} |
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| ===Sahih Muslim=== | | {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=122-123}}<br><br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=14}}<br>See Also Ishaq:515|Selon Ibn Ishaq : Kinanah , qui possédait le trésor des Banu Nadir, fut amené au Messager de Dieu, qui l'interrogea ; mais il a nié savoir où il se trouvait. Alors le Messager de Dieu fut amené à un Juif qui lui dit: "J'ai vu Kinanah marcher autour de cette ruine tous les matins." Le Messager de Dieu dit à Kinanah : « Que dis-tu ? Si nous le trouvons en ta possession, je te tuerai. "Très bien," répondit-il. Le Messager de Dieu a ordonné que la ruine soit déterrée, et une partie du trésor en a été extraite. Puis il lui a demandé le reste. Kinana a refusé de le rendre; ainsi le Messager de Dieu donna des ordres le concernant à Zubair, en disant: ''' "Torturez-le jusqu'à ce qu'ils vous disent ou se trouve le trésor ." Zubair a posé sa torche sur sa poitrine jusqu'à ce que Kinanah ait presque expiré; puis le Messager de Dieu le donna à Muhammad b. Maslamah, qui le décapita '''pour venger son frère Mahmud b. Maslamah.}}Ainsi Mohamed usa de torture par le feu pour que Kinana livre des informations fait rare Il usa de la torture par le feu alors interdite dans d'autres hadiths.{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=6}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=72}}|bn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--Umayyah b. Abdallah b. 'Amr b. Othman b. 'Affan : [On m'a dit] que Malik b. 'Awf a envoyé des espions pour surveiller et obtenir des renseignements sur l'ennemi, mais qu'ils sont revenus avec leurs articulations disloquées. Lorsque Malik, exprimant sa détresse, a demandé ce qui leur était arrivé, ils ont dit: "Nous avons vu des hommes blancs sur des chevaux noirs et blancs, et, par Dieu, avant que nous puissions résister, nous avons été frappés comme vous le voyez." [Cette nouvelle], cependant, n'a pas dissuadé Malik de suivre la voie qu'il avait l'intention de suivre.}} |
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| {{Quote|{{Muslim|16|4131}}|Anas reported: Eight men of the tribe of 'Ukl came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and swore allegiance to him on Islam, but found the climate of that land uncogenial to their health and thus they became sick, and they made complaint of that to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and he said: Why don't you go to (the fold) of our camels along with our shepherd, and make use of their milk and urine. They said: Yes. They set out and drank their (camels') milk and urine and regained their health. They killed the shepherd and drove away the camels. This (news) reached Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and he sent them on their track and they were caught and brought to him (the Holy Prophet). '''He commanded about them, and (thus) their hands and feet were cut off and their eyes were gouged and then they were thrown in the sun, until they died.'''<BR><BR>This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn al-Sabbah with a slight variation of words.}}
| | ==Avis de Savants== |
| | | https://islamqa.info/en/answers/13241/treatment-of-prisoners-of-war-in-islam |
| {{Quote|{{Muslim|16|4130}}|Anas b. Malik reported that some people belonging (to the tribe) of 'Uraina came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) at Medina, but they found its climate uncogenial. So Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to them: If you so like, you may go to the camels of Sadaqa and drink their milk and urine. They did so and were all right. They then fell upon the shepherds and killed them and turned apostates from Islam and drove off the camels of the Prophet (may peace be upon him). This news reached Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and he sent (people) on their track and they were (brought) and handed over to him. He (the Holy Prophet) got their hands cut off, and their feet, and put out their eyes, and threw them on the stony ground until they died.}}
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| {{Quote|{{Muslim|16|4132}}|Anas b. Malik reported that some people of the tribe of 'Ukl or 'Uraina came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him), and they found the climate of Medina uncogenial. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded them to the milch she-camels and commanded them to drink their urine and their milk. The rest of the hadith is the same (and the concluding words are):" Their eyes were pierced, and they were thrown on the stony ground. They were asking for water, but they were not given water."}}
| | Cette interdiction de punir quiconque en brûlant avec du feu est la règle générale, mais la majorité des érudits ont fait une exception dans le cas de brûler avec du feu à titre de châtiment de représailles ( qisaas= talion ) et d'adapter la punition au crime. Si quelqu'un brûle une autre personne, il est permis, selon ce point de vue, de le punir en le brûlant, en guise de châtiment de représailles. |
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| {{Quote|{{Muslim|16|4134}}|Anas b. Malik reported: There came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) eight persons from the tribe of 'Ukl, but with this addition that '''he did not cauterise (the wounds which hid been inflicted upon them while punishing them)'''.}}
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| ===Abu Dawud===
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| {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4356}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: Some people raided the camels of the Prophet (peace be upon him), drove them off, and apostatised. They killed the herdsman of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) who was a believer. He (the Prophet) sent (people) in pursuit of them and they were caught. '''He had their hands and feet cut off, and their eyes put out.''' '''The verse regarding fighting against Allah and His Prophet (peace be upon him) was then revealed.''' These were the people about whom Anas ibn Malik informed al-Hajjaj when he asked him.}}
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| {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4357}}|Narrated AbuzZinad: When '''the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) cut off (the hands and feet of) those who had stolen his camels and he had their eyes put out by fire (heated nails),''' '''Allah reprimanded him on that (action),''' and Allah, the Exalted, revealed: "The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Apostle and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is execution or crucifixion."}}
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| {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|38|4359}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The verse "The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Apostle, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite side or exile from the land...most merciful" was revealed about polytheists. '''If any of them repents before they are arrested, it does not prevent from inflicting on him the prescribed punishment''' which he deserves.}}
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| ==Sira==
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| ===Ibn Ishaq===
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=312}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=649}}|Then Quraysh sent to redeem the prisoners and Mikraz b. Hafs b. al-Akhyaf came about Suhayl b. 'Amr who had been captured by Malik b. al-Dukhshum, brother of the B. Salim b. 'Auf, who said:<br>
| | Ils ont cité comme preuve de cela les versets dans lesquels Allah, le Très-Haut, dit (interprétation du sens) : |
| :I captured Suhayl and I would not exchange him
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| :For a prisoner from any other people.
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| :Khindif knows that its hero is Suhayl
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| :When injustice is complained of.
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| :I struck with my keen sword until it bent.
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| :I forced myself to fight this hare-lipped man.<br>
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| Suhayl was a man whose lower lip was split.<br>
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| Muhammad b. 'Amr b. 'Ata', brother of B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy, told me that 'Umar said to the apostle, 'Let me pull out Suhayl's two front teeth; his tongue will stick out and he will never be able to speak against you again.' He answered, 'I will not mutilate him, otherwise God would mutilate me though I am a prophet.'<br>
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| I have heard that in this tradition the apostle said to 'Umar, 'Perhaps he will make a stand for which you will not blame him".}}
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=316}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=657}}|Yazid b. Abu Habib from Bukayr b. 'Abdullah b. al-Ashajj from Sulayman b. Yasar from Abu Ishaq al-Dausi from Abu Hurayra, told me that the latter said: 'The apostle sent me among a number of raiders with orders that if we got hold of Habbar b. al-Aswad or the other man who first got to Zaynab with him we were to burn them with fire. On the following day he sent word to us "I told you to burn these two men if you got hold of them; then I reflected that none has the right to punish by fire save God, so if you capture them kill them.'"}}
| | Le talion s'applique à toutes choses sacrées. Donc, quiconque transgresse contre vous, transgressez contre lui, à transgression égale.sourate 2 194 |
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=550}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=408}}|Salama b. al-Mayla', one of Khalid's horsemen, was killed, and the polytheists lost about 12 or 13 men; then they took to flight. Himas ran off and went into his house and told his wife to bolt the door. When she asked what had become of his former words he said:
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| :If you had witnessed the battle of Khandama
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| :When Safwan and 'Ikrima fled
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| :And Abu Yazid was standing like a pillar
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| :And the Muslims met them with their swords
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| :Which cut through arms and skulls,
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| :Only confused cries being heard
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| :Behind us their cries and groans,
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| :You would not have uttered the least word of blame}}
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=595}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=493}}|The apostle said, 'Get him away and cut off his tongue from me,' so they gave him (camels) until he was satisfied, this being what the apostle meant
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| by his order).}}
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| ===Al Tabari===
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=133}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=528-529}}<br>See Also Ishaq:387|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr: When the Messenger of God saw Hamzah in that condition, he said, "If it were not that Safiyyah would grieve, or that it would become a sunnah (standard practice) after me, I would leave him so that he would find his way into the bellies of wild beasts or the crops of birds. If God gives me victory over Quraysh at any time, I shall mutilate thirty of their men!" When the Muslims saw the grief and rage of the Messenger of God at what had been done to his uncle, they said, "By God, if one day we are victorious over them, we shall mutilate them in a way which none of the Arabs has ever mutilated anybody."}}
| | à notez que cette fatwa a justement utilisé par les membres de daech à propos du pilote jordanien brulé en effet étant un pilote Daech part du principe qu'il a certainement tué des musulmans par le feu et donc son chatiment par le feu est la stricte application des avis de savants cité par islamqa. |
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=96-97}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=643}}|Her story is as follows. According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--'Abdallah b. Abi Bakr, who said: The Messenger of God sent Zayd b. Harithah to Wadi al-Qura, where he encountered the Banu Fazarah. Some of his companions were killed there, and Zayd was carried away wounded from among the slain. One of those killed was Ward b. 'Amr, one of the Band Sa'd b. Hudhaym: he was killed by one of the Banu Badr [b. Fazarah]. When Zayd returned, he vowed that no washing [to cleanse him) from impurity should touch his head until he had raided the Fazarah. After he recovered from his wounds, the Messenger of God sent him with an army against the Banu Fazarah. He met them in Wadi al-Qura and inflicted casualties on them. Qays b. al-Musahhar al-Ya'muri killed Mas'adah b. Hakamah b. Malik b. Badr and took Umm Qirfah prisoner. (Her name was Falimah bt. Rabi'ah b. Badr. She was married to Malik b. Hudhayfah b. Badr. She was very old woman.) He also took one of Umm Qirfah's daughters and 'Abdallah b. Mas'adah prisoner. Zayd b. Harithah ordered Qays to kill Umm Qirfah, and he killed her cruelly. He tied each of her legs with a rope and tied the ropes to two camels, and they split her in two. Then they brought Umm Qirfah's daughter and 'Abdallah b. Mas'adah to the Messenger of God. Umm Qirfah's daughter belonged to Salamah b. 'Amr b. al-Akwa', who had taken her-she was a member of a distinguished family among her people: the Arabs used to say, "Had you been more powerful than Umm Qirfah, you could have done no more." The Messenger of God asked Salamah for her, and Salamah gave her to him. He then gave her to his maternal uncle, Hazn b. Abi Wahb, and she bore him 'Abd al-Rahman b. Hazn.}}
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=122-123}}<br><br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=14}}<br>See Also Ishaq:515|According to Ibn Ishaq: Kinanah b. al-Rabi` b. Abi al-Huqayq, who had the treasure of the Banu al-Nadir, was brought to the Messenger of God, who questioned him; but he denied knowing where it was. Then the Messenger of God was brought a Jew who said to him, "I have seen Kinanah walk around this ruin every morning." The Messenger of God said to Kinanah: "What do you say? If we find it in your possession, I will kill you." "All right," he answered. The Messenger of God commanded that the ruin should be dug up, and some of the treasure was extracted from it. Then he asked him for the rest of it. Kinanah refused to surrender it; so the Messenger of God gave orders concerning him to al-Zubayr b. al-'Awwam, saying, "Torture him until you root out what he has." Al-Zubayr kept twirling his firestick in his breast until Kinanah almost expired; then the Messenger of God gave him to Muhammad b. Maslamah, who beheaded him to avenge his brother Mahmud b. Maslamah.}}
| | Le groupe a déclaré que Muath al-Kaseasbeh méritait la punition car il avait lui-même brûlé vif de nombreux civils. |
| | Et ainsi, "l'État islamique a décidé d'enfermer [Muath al-Kaseasbeh] dans une cage (représentant un bâtiment), de le brûler vif, puis de jeter des briques de béton sur son corps (similaire à la façon dont une personne est brûlée par une frappe aérienne et la bâtiment tombe sur son corps)), en tant que Qisaas (punition de rétribution) pour ce qu'il a fait aux musulmans à al-Raqqah." |
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| {{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=6}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=72}}|Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--Umayyah b. 'Abdallah b. 'Amr b. 'Uthman b. 'Affan: [I was told] that Malik b. 'Awf sent out spies to keep watch and to obtain intelligence of the enemy, but that they came back with their joints dislocated. When Malik, expressing his distress, asked what had happened to them, they said, "We saw white men on black and white horses, and, by God, before we could resist we were struck as you see." [This news], however, did not deter Malik from pursuing the course he intended.}}
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| | https://www.ibtimes.co.in/isis-explains-why-it-burnt-jordanian-pilot-photos-622435 |
| [[Category:QHS]] | | [[Category:QHS]] |
| [[Category:Muhammad]] | | [[Category:Muhammad]] |