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This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi]. | This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in [[Old Hijazi]]. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi]. | ||
Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation. | Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation. | ||
The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include | The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include marks which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}| | |||
فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ | |||
So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}} | |||
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The type of the pause and its position are the work of scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. | The type of the pause and its position are the work of the scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. To keep things simple, this article does not count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs. | ||
In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type: | In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|57|25}}| | |||
وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ | |||
Old Hijazi: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās... | |||
Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}} | |||
''' | '''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes''' | ||
1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this. | |||
The | 2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences. | ||
<br /> | |||
==A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran== | |||
< | <big>'''A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:'''</big> | ||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5 | |||
<span | |||
Old Hijazi: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>. | Old Hijazi: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ <u>عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7 | ||
Old Hijazi: wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | Old Hijazi: wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | ||
Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | ||
Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn. | |||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ <u>هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ</u> ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...﴾</span> Q2:102 | ||
OH: harūt wa mārūt | OH: harūt wa mārūt | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ <u>بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ﴾</span> Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position. | ||
OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā | OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:104 Q58:4 | ||
OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> | OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ﴾</span> Q2:166 | ||
OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat | OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-<u>asbāb</u> | ||
CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-<u>asbāb</u> | CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾ<u>asbāb</u> | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا <u>دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ</u> صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ﴾</span> Q2:171 | ||
OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā | OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿شَهْرُ <u>رَمَضَانَ</u> الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ <u>الْقُرْآنُ</u> هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى <u>وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ</u> فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى <u>سَفَرٍ</u> فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ <u>أُخَرَۗ</u> يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي <u>قَرِيبٌ</u> ۖ <u>أُجِيبُ</u> دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾</span> | ||
Q2:185,186 | Q2:185,186 | ||
OH: shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> | OH: shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> al-ladhi unzil fīhu <u>l-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn. | ||
CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn. | CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn. | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي <u>الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ</u> وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾</span> Q2:247 | ||
OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism. | OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ <u>خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا</u> ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ﴾</span> Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19 | ||
OH: khayrā kathīrā. | OH: khayrā kathīrā. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو <u>عُسْرَةٍ</u> <u>فَنَظِرَةٌ</u> إِلَى <u>مَيْسَرَةٍۚ</u> وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾</span> Q2:280 | ||
OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah. | OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ <u>أَمَدًا بَعِيدًا</u> ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾</span> Q3:30 | ||
OH: amadā baʕīdā | OH: amadā baʕīdā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ <u>عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q3:63 | ||
OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn | OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ <u>نَاصِرِينَ</u> ﴾</span> Q3:91 16 | ||
OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn | OH: ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u> | ||
CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn | CA: ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u> | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ عَ<u>لِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ</u> ﴾</span> Q3:115, 9:44 | ||
OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn | OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span> Q3:155 | ||
OH: yawm | OH: yawm altaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ash-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | ||
CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span> Q3:181 | ||
OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa | OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | ||
CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَكُلُوهُ <u>هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا</u>﴾</span> Q4:4 | ||
OH: haniyyā mariyyā. | OH: haniyyā mariyyā. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ <u>بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾</span> Q5:19 | ||
OH: min <u>bashīr</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr. | OH: min <u>bashīr</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَهُمْ <u>يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ</span> Q6:26 | ||
OH: yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh. | OH: yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا <u>مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ</u> ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ﴾</span> Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56 | ||
OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn. | OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي <u>الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِۚ</u> وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾</span> Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22 | ||
OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr. | OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَهُمْ شَرَابٌ مِنْ <u>حَمِيمٍ</u> وَعَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ﴾</span> Q6:70 Q10:4 | ||
OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā… | OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā… | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ <u>الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾</span> Q8:41 | ||
OH: yawma l-<u>furqān</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>. | OH: yawma l-<u>furqān</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا <u>نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q9:21 | ||
OH: naʕīm muqīm. | OH: naʕīm muqīm. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا جُرُفٍ <u>هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ</u> بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...﴾</span> Q9:109 | ||
OH: hār fanhār … | OH: hār fanhār … | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ <u>نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ</u>﴾</span> Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188 | ||
OH: nadhīr wa bashīr. | OH: nadhīr wa bashīr. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ <u>حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾</span> Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14. | ||
OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā. | OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā. | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا <u>مَكِينٌ أَمِينٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q12:22 | ||
OH: makīn amīn | OH: makīn amīn | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ عُقْبَى <u>الدَّارِ</u>﴾</span> Q13:42 | ||
OH: wasayaʕlam <u> | OH: wasayaʕlam <u>al-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | ||
CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ <u>خَصِيمٌ مُبِينٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q16:4, 36:77 | ||
OH: khaṣīm mubīn | OH: khaṣīm mubīn | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ <u>سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾</span> Q16:75 | ||
OH: sirrā wajahrā | OH: sirrā wajahrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ <u>أَجْرًا كَبِيرً</u>ا﴾</span> Q17:9 | ||
OH: ajrā kabīrā | OH: ajrā kabīrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا <u>مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ﴾</span> Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8. | ||
OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā | OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> وَخَيْرٌ <u>عُقْبًا</u> ﴾</span> Q18:44 | ||
OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wakhayr <u>ʕuqbā</u> | OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wakhayr <u>ʕuqbā</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ <u>صَابِرًا</u> وَلَا أَعْصِي لَكَ <u>أَمْرًا</u>﴾</span> Q18:69 | ||
OH: ṣābirā...amrā | OH: ṣābirā...amrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا</u>﴾</span> Q19:27 | ||
OH: shayyā fariyyā | OH: shayyā fariyyā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا هَضْمًا</u> ﴾</span> Q20:112 | ||
OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā | OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا <u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ﴾</span> Q21:90 | ||
OH: raghabā warahabā | OH: raghabā warahabā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ﴾</span> Q22:25 | ||
OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm… | OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm… | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا <u>ثُبُورًا كَثِيرًا</u>﴾</span> Q25:14 | ||
OH: thubūrā kathīrā | OH: thubūrā kathīrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q26:91 | ||
OH: wa burrizat <u> | OH: wa burrizat <u>al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u> | ||
CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u> | CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u> | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي <u>أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ</u> ۖ وَمَنْ شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾</span> Q27:40 | ||
OH: aashkur am akfur | OH: aashkur am akfur | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ﴾</span> Q29:41 | ||
OH: wa inn awhan <u> | OH: wa inn awhan <u>al-buyūt</u> labayt <u>al-ʕankabūt</u> | ||
CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u> | CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u> | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا وَلَّى <u>مُسْتَكْبِرًا</u> كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ <u>وَقْرًا</u> ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ﴾</span> Q31:7 | ||
OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u> | OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ﴾</span> Q31:19 | ||
OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik | OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ <u>قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا</u>﴾</span> Q33:38 | ||
OH: qadarā maqdūrā | OH: qadarā maqdūrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا</u> ﴾</span> Q33:41 | ||
OH: dhikrā kathīrā | OH: dhikrā kathīrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي هُوَ <u>مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ﴾</span> Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme. | ||
OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> walā yakād <u>yabīn</u> | OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> walā yakād <u>yabīn</u> | ||
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِلَّا قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا﴾</span> Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ﴾</span> Q56:3 | ||
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah | |||
CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِلَّا قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا﴾</span> Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes | |||
OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā | OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ﴾</span> Q56:33 | ||
OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah | OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا﴾</span> Q56:37 | ||
OH: ʕurubā atrābā | OH: ʕurubā atrābā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span> Q57:25 | ||
OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ… | OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ… | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ <u>مُنْكَرًا</u> مِنَ الْقَوْلِ <u>وَزُورًا</u> ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ﴾</span> Q58:2 | ||
OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u> | OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ <u>حَسَنَةٌ</u> فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ <u>مَعَهُ</u> إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾</span> Q60:4 | ||
OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū… | OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū… | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَكَرُوا <u>مَكْرًا كُبَّارًا</u> ﴾</span> Q71:22 | ||
OH: makrā kubbārā | OH: makrā kubbārā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا <u>فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا</u> ﴾</span> Q71:27 | ||
OH: fājirā kaffārā | OH: fājirā kaffārā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ <u>قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا</u> ﴾</span> Q73:5 | ||
OH: qawlā thaqīlā | OH: qawlā thaqīlā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ <u>خَيْرًا</u> وَأَعْظَمَ <u>أَجْرًا</u> ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾</span> Q73:20 | ||
OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u> | OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>﴾</span> Q74:18 | ||
OH: innah <u>fakkar waqaddar</u> | OH: innah <u>fakkar waqaddar</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ</u>﴾</span> Q74:23 | ||
OH: thumm <u>adbar wastakbar</u> | OH: thumm <u>adbar wastakbar</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا <u>شَاكِرًا</u> وَإِمَّا <u>كَفُورًا</u> ﴾</span> Q76:3 | ||
OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u> | OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ <u>لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا</u>﴾</span> Q76:26 | ||
OH: laylā ṭawīlā | OH: laylā ṭawīlā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا﴾</span> Q77:6 | ||
OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā | OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي <u>بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ</u>﴾</span> Q77:32 | ||
OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar | OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَجَعَلْنَا <u>سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا</u> ﴾</span> Q78:13 | ||
OH: sirājā wahhājā | OH: sirājā wahhājā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ <u>عَذَابًا</u> <u>قَرِيبًا</u> يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ﴾</span> Q78:40 | ||
OH: ʕadhābā qarībā | OH: ʕadhābā qarībā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ﴾</span> Q80:28 | ||
OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā | OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>﴾</span> Q80:42 | ||
OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah | |||
CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ﴾</span> Q88:3 | |||
OH: | OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah | ||
CA: | CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ﴾</span> Q96:16 discovered by Larcher | ||
OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah | OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ <u>هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ</u> ﴾</span> Q104:1 | ||
OH: humazah lumazah | OH: humazah lumazah | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ</u>﴾</span> Q107:7 | ||
OH: wa yamnaʕūn | OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn | ||
CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn | CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي <u>لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>﴾</span> Q111:1 | ||
OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab | OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab | ||
Line 575: | Line 580: | ||
CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab | CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>﴾</span> Q114:4 | ||
OH: min sharri l-waswās | OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās | ||
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās | CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās | ||
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<br /> | <br /> | ||
'''<big>B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.</big>''' | |||
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples: | Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples: | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى</u> لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾</span> Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2 | ||
Old Hijazi: <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn | Old Hijazi: <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ﴾</span> Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49. | ||
OH: nadhīr mubīn | OH: nadhīr mubīn | ||
Line 601: | Line 607: | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَيَئُوسٌ كَفُورٌ﴾</span> Q11:9 | ||
OH: layaūs kafūr | OH: layaūs kafūr | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ <u>أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ</u>﴾</span> Q11:102 | ||
OH: alīm shadīd | OH: alīm shadīd | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا <u>زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ</u>﴾</span> Q11:106 | ||
OH: zafīr wa shahīq | OH: zafīr wa shahīq | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ إِنِّي <u>حَفِيظٌ عَلِيمٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q12:55 | ||
OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm | OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا﴾</span> Q17:18 | ||
OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā | OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا﴾</span> Q17:22 | ||
OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā | OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ عَمَّا <u>قَلِيلٍ</u> لَيُصْبِحُنَّ <u>نَادِمِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q23:40 | ||
OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u> | OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u> | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ <u>ظَلُومًا جَهُولً</u>ا ﴾</span> Q33:72 | ||
OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā | OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا <u>مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ</u> ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ﴾</span> Q36:73 | ||
OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib | OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَ<u>يَئُوسٌ قَنُوطٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q41:49 | ||
OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ | OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ <u>الْعَزِيزُ الْكَرِيمُ</u> ﴾</span> Q44:49 | ||
OH: ant | OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm | ||
CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm | CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ <u>رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q50:18 | ||
OH: raqīb ʕatīd | OH: raqīb ʕatīd | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ﴾</span> Q55:27 | ||
<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذِي <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ﴾</span> Q55:78 | ||
OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram | OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram | ||
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<span | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ <u>كَثِيبًا مَهِيلًا</u>﴾</span> Q73:14 | ||
OH: | OH: kathībā mahīlā | ||
CA: | CA: kathīban mahīlā | ||
Q89:19-22 | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ <u>أَكْلًا لَمًّا</u> (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ <u>حُبًّا جَمًّا</u> (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ <u>دَكًّا دَكًّا (</u>٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ <u>صَفًّا صَفًّا</u> (٢٢) ﴾</span> | |||
OH: …aklā lammā…ḥubbā jammā…dakkā dakkā…ṣaffā ṣaffā | |||
CA: …aklan lammā…ḥubban jammā…dakkan dakkā…ṣaffan ṣaffā | |||
< | '''<big>C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.</big>''' | ||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ <u>خَيْرٍ فَقِيرٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q28:24 | |||
OH: khayr faqīr | |||
CA: khayrin faqīr | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ <u>زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ</u>﴾</span> Q22:5, 50:7 | |||
OH: zawj bahīj | |||
CA: zawjin bahīj | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>﴾</span> Q56:42 | |||
OH: samūm waḥamīm | |||
OH: | |||
CA: samūmin waḥamīm | |||
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes== | ==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes== | ||
'''<big>A- The two words share an identical final consonant.</big>''' | |||
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110) | ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110) | ||
ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170) | ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170) | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise” (4, such as: 12:83,100) | ||
ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower” (5, such as 6:83,128,139) | ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower” (5, such as 6:83,128,139) | ||
al-ḥakīm | al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30) | ||
ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23) | ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23) | ||
Line 766: | Line 759: | ||
khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96) | khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96) | ||
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59) | |||
ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51) | |||
qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب “Near, Responsive” (11:61) | qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب “Near, Responsive” (11:61) | ||
Line 771: | Line 768: | ||
ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73) | ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73) | ||
=== | ===B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.=== | ||
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm. | |||
ghafūr raḥīm غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192) | ghafūr raḥīm غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192) | ||
ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106) | ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106) | ||
al-ghafūr | al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8) | ||
ar-raḥīm | ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2) | ||
ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63) | ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63) | ||
Line 784: | Line 783: | ||
ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165) | ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165) | ||
al-ʕazīz | al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62) | ||
samīʕ ʕalīm سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53) | samīʕ ʕalīm سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53) | ||
as-samīʕ | as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137) | ||
al-ʕazīz | al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104) | ||
raūf raḥīm رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47) | raūf raḥīm رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47) | ||
Line 802: | Line 801: | ||
ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35) | ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35) | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3) | ||
ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1) | ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1) | ||
al-ḥakīm | al-ḥakīm al-khabīr الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1) | ||
laṭīf khabīr لطيف خبير “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16) | laṭīf khabīr لطيف خبير “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16) | ||
Line 812: | Line 811: | ||
laṭīfā khabīrā لطيفا خبيرا (33:34) | laṭīfā khabīrā لطيفا خبيرا (33:34) | ||
al-laṭīf | al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14) | ||
al- azīz | al- azīz al-ʕalīm العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78) | ||
al-ʕazīz | al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8) | ||
samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61) | samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61) | ||
Line 822: | Line 821: | ||
samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58) | samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58) | ||
as-samīʕ | as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20) | ||
ʕalīm qadīr عليم قدير “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50) | ʕalīm qadīr عليم قدير “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50) | ||
Line 828: | Line 827: | ||
ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا (35:44) | ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا (35:44) | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير (30:54) | ||
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59) | ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59) | ||
Line 836: | Line 835: | ||
ʕazīz ghafūr عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28) | ʕazīz ghafūr عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28) | ||
al- azīz | al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2) | ||
raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90) | raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90) | ||
Line 844: | Line 843: | ||
shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17) | shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17) | ||
al-ghafūr | al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14) | ||
samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50) | samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50) | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
== | ==Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith== | ||
Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes. | |||
Line 864: | Line 863: | ||
The second example is from a | The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān): | ||
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا <u>الوَسِيلَةَ وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية | أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا <u>الوَسِيلَةَ وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية | ||
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Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ </u>" . | Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ </u>" . | ||
OH: min <u> | OH: min <u>al-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>al-akhlāq</u> | ||
CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u> | CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u> | ||
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<ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية | <ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية | ||
Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span | Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span> | ||
OH: | OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ | ||
CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ | CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ | ||
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<ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية | <ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية | ||
(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span | (Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.</span> | ||
OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih | OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih | ||
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<ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي | <ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي | ||
Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span | Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ <u>الدُّثُورِ بِالْأُجُو</u>رِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.</span> | ||
OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr | OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr | ||
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<ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147 | <ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147 | ||
Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span | Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>تَقِيًّا نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span> | ||
OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min | OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā. | ||
CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā. | CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā. | ||
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Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ <u>الْهَمِّ وَالْغَمِّ</u> " | Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ <u>الْهَمِّ وَالْغَمِّ</u> " | ||
OH: min | OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm | ||
CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm | CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm | ||
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Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ <u>الْكُفْرِ وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» | Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ <u>الْكُفْرِ وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» | ||
OH: min <u> | OH: min <u>al-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause) | ||
CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause) | CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause) | ||
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CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih | CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih | ||
==External Links== | |||
Idris AlArabi--[https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith] | |||
==References== | |||
<references /> | <references /> |