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(→Overarching criticisms: Added a small section on William Campbells full response with a link to read the book for free - it's a great concise resource debunking this. As is the YouTube video also linked.) |
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|title=Semen Production in the Quran | |||
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[[Category:Islam and Science]] | [[Category:Islam and Science]] | ||
[[Category:Qur'an]] | [[Category:Qur'an]] | ||
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'''Transliteration:''' min banee adama min thuhoorihim thurriyyatahum}} | '''Transliteration:''' min banee adama min thuhoorihim thurriyyatahum}} | ||
One other verse in the Qur'an uses the word ''sulb''. In this case there is no mention of ''tara'ib''. It is an example of the simple Arabic phrase mentioned in Lane's Lexicon (see above), based on the belief that the seed of men proceed from their backs.{{Quote|{{Quran|4|23}}|'''Sahih International:''' Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters [...] the wives of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters simultaneously, except for what has already occurred. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful}}Slightly more explicitly, a hadith in [[Sahih Bukhari]] (also in {{Muslim| | |||
A hadith about this verse mentions Allah stroking Adam's back (''thahr'', like in Q 7:172, not ''sulb'') to produce progeny. | |||
{{Quote|{{Muwatta|46||2}}, also {{Al Tirmidhi||5|44|3075}}|Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Abi Unaysa that Abd al-Hamid ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab informed him from Muslim ibn Yasar al-Juhani that Umar ibn al-Khattab was asked about this ayat - "When your Lord took their progeny from the Banu Adam from their backs and made them testify against themselves. 'Am I not your Lord?' They said, 'Yes, we bear witness' Lest you should say on the Day of Rising, 'We were heedless of that.'" (Sura 7 ayat 172) Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, being asked about it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,''' 'Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, created Adam. Then He stroked his back with His right hand, and progeny issued from it.''' He said, "I created these for the Garden and they will act with the behaviour of the people of the Garden." '''Then He stroked his back again and brought forth progeny from him.''' He said, "I created these for the Fire and they will act with the behaviour of the people of the Fire." 'A man said, 'Messenger of Allah! Then of what value are deeds?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, answered, 'When Allah creates a slave for the Garden, he makes him use the behaviour of the people of the Garden, so that he dies on one of the actions of the people of the Garden and by it He brings him into the Garden. When He creates a slave for the Fire, He makes him use the behaviour of the people of the Fire, so that he dies on one of the actions of the people of the Fire, and by it, He brings him into the Fire.' "}} | |||
One other verse in the Qur'an uses the word ''sulb''. In this case there is no mention of ''tara'ib''. It is an example of the simple Arabic phrase mentioned in Lane's Lexicon (see above), based on the belief that the seed of men proceed from their backs.{{Quote|{{Quran|4|23}}|'''Sahih International:''' Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters [...] the wives of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters simultaneously, except for what has already occurred. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful}} | |||
Slightly more explicitly, a hadith in [[Sahih Bukhari]] (also in {{Muslim||2805a|reference}}) uses ''sulb'' to say that the source of Adam's future progeny was in his back from before they were conceived. | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||6557|darussalam}}|The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Allah will say to the person who will have the minimum punishment in the Fire on the Day of Resurrection, 'If you had things equal to whatever is on the earth, would you ransom yourself (from the punishment) with it?' He will reply, Yes. Allah will say, 'I asked you a much easier thing than this while you were in the backbone of Adam, that is, not to worship others besides Me, but you refused and insisted to worship others besides Me."'}} | |||
This concept did not just apply to Adam. Another hadith confirms that ''sulb'' refers in this way even to the backbone of a specific man's father. | This concept did not just apply to Adam. Another hadith confirms that ''sulb'' refers in this way even to the backbone of a specific man's father. | ||
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||5|44| | {{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||5|44|3104}}|[...] Az-Zuhri said: "'Ubaidullah bin 'Abdullah bin 'Utbah informed me that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud disliked Zaid bin Thabit copying the Musahif, and he said: 'O you Muslims people! Avoid copying the Mushaf and the recitation of this man. By Allah! When I accepted Islam he was but '''in the loins of a disbelieving man'''' - meaning Zaid bin Thabit [...]}} | ||
===Similar ancient ideas=== | ===Similar ancient ideas=== | ||
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The theory that conception arises from a mixture of male and female sexual fluids (maniy) mentioned by Ibn Kathir was one of the influential teachings of the 2nd century CE Greek physician Galen, and is found also in the Talmud. These ideas are clearly apparent in a variety of hadiths, and possibly even in the Quran itself (see the article [[Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction]]). | The theory that conception arises from a mixture of male and female sexual fluids (maniy) mentioned by Ibn Kathir was one of the influential teachings of the 2nd century CE Greek physician Galen, and is found also in the Talmud. These ideas are clearly apparent in a variety of hadiths, and possibly even in the Quran itself (see the article [[Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction]]). | ||
==== Al-Jalalayn ==== | |||
Similarly the classical Islamic scholars, 'the two Jalal's' (composed first by Jalal ad-Din al-Maḥalli in 1459 and then completed after his death by Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti in 1505), write in their extremely influential exegesis of the Quran. | |||
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Jalal/86.7 Tafsir Al-Jalalayn on Verses 86:5-7]|So let man consider, by way of reflection, from what he was created, from what thing: the response is: He was created from a gushing fluid, gushing forth from the man and the woman into the womb, issuing from between the loins, of the man, and the breast-bones, of the woman.}} | |||
==Modern revisionary perspectives== | ==Modern revisionary perspectives== | ||
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While the verb yakhruju (he/it comes forth) has a quite general meaning in the Quran, critics note that it is used in {{Quran|16|69}} in relation to honey coming forth from the bellies of bees, and in {{Quran|2|74}} in relation to rivers coming forth from rocks. | While the verb yakhruju (he/it comes forth) has a quite general meaning in the Quran, critics note that it is used in {{Quran|16|69}} in relation to honey coming forth from the bellies of bees, and in {{Quran|2|74}} in relation to rivers coming forth from rocks. | ||
Critics of the childbirth interpretation further note that it is helpful to look at the verses in their immediate context, where the topic is the humble substance from which man is created, and with such power Allah will also be able to resurrect him. | Critics of the childbirth interpretation further note that it is helpful to look at the verses in their immediate context, where the topic is the humble substance from which man is created, and with such power Allah will also be able to resurrect him. The same sequence occurs in {{Quran-range|80|18|22}} for comparison. | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|86|5|8}}|5 So let man observe '''from what''' he was created.<BR /> | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|86|5|8}}|5 So let man observe '''from what''' he was created.<BR /> | ||
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8 Indeed, Allah, to return him [to life], is Able.}} | 8 Indeed, Allah, to return him [to life], is Able.}} | ||
Critics further note that the womb and fetus during pregnancy and childbirth are obviously not located within the mother's ribcage | Moreover, there is no thumma or fa (both meaning "then") between verses 6 and 7, unlike all other verses describing stages of conception through to birth ({{Quran|18|37}}, {{Quran|22|5}}, {{Quran|35|11}}, {{Quran|40|67}}, {{Quran-range|23|13|14}}, and {{Quran-range|75|37|39}}). Therefore, these two verses seem to describe a single process. | ||
Critics further note that the womb and fetus during pregnancy and childbirth are obviously not located within the mother's ribcage. Therefore it is not plausible that the author would describe a newborn child as coming forth from between a woman's backbone and ribs. | |||
===Muhammad Asad - loins and pelvic arch=== | ===Muhammad Asad - loins and pelvic arch=== | ||
{{Quote||(5) LET MAN, then, observe out of what he has been created:<br>(6) he has been created out of a seminal fluid<br>(7) issuing from between the loins [of man] and the pelvic arch [of woman].<br> | {{Quote||(5) LET MAN, then, observe out of what he has been created:<br>(6) he has been created out of a seminal fluid<br>(7) issuing from between the loins [of man] and the pelvic arch [of woman].<br> | ||
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*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Campbell/s4c2b.html Science and Revelation: Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics] | *[http://www.answering-islam.org/Campbell/s4c2b.html Science and Revelation: Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics] | ||
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUveLSqGyYc&t=906s Seminal Fluid From the Backbone: The Honest Truth] - ''islamwhattheydonttellyou164 - YouTube Video'' | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUveLSqGyYc&t=906s Seminal Fluid From the Backbone: The Honest Truth] - ''islamwhattheydonttellyou164 - YouTube Video'' | ||
*[https://theislamissue.wordpress.com/2019/01/21/quran-866-7-semen-comes-from-between-backbone-and-ribs/ Quran 86:6-7: Semen comes from between backbone and ribs. - The Islam Issue] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||