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Historical Errors in the Quran: Difference between revisions
→The Historical Jesus: Added a small section to strengthen the point on Jesus's Ethical teachings and their apocalyptic context, Academic references provided.
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(→Surah of the elephant: I have added a section on the historical Jesus, with historical-critical research from biblical scholars not matching the Qur'anic version. So far I have covered 1 consensus aspect (imminent apocalypse), though I certainly plan to add more including apocalyptic teachings, John the Baptist, and other incompatible early beliefs. I've left longer footnotes than usual as it's a topic not many will be familiar with - so please let me know if you want them shortened. Thanks) |
(→The Historical Jesus: Added a small section to strengthen the point on Jesus's Ethical teachings and their apocalyptic context, Academic references provided.) |
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Jesus was estimated have lived between before approximately 4BCE,<ref>Ehrman, Bart D.. Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium (pp. 11-12). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition. | Jesus was estimated have lived between before approximately 4BCE,<ref>Ehrman, Bart D.. Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium (pp. 11-12). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition. | ||
''..as related by both Matthew and Luke in the New Testament—then he must have been born no later than 4 BCE, the year of..''</ref> and died around the year of 30 CE (for Jesus’ crucifixion).<ref>[https://www.bartehrman.com/when-did-jesus-die/#:~:text=According%20to%20Bart%20Ehrman%2C%20the,30%20CE%20for%20Jesus'%20crucifixion. When Did Jesus Die? Unveiling the Month & Year of His Crucifixion.] Joshua Schachterle, Ph.D. 2024. Bart Ehrman.com </ref> The books that make up the New Testament, documenting Jesus's life and teachings, (and believed by Christians to be divinely inspired writings to cover his teachings, death and salvation) are in mostly consensus to be written in order of seven authentic letters of Paul followed the first Gospel, Mark (~C. 70 C.E), two more inauthentic (source) letters from Paul, followed by The Gospel of Matthew and then The Gospel of Luke, (both~ 80-90 C.E.), five more inauthentic letters attributed to Paul, followed by The Gospel of John (~90-100 C.E.), with the Book of | ''..as related by both Matthew and Luke in the New Testament—then he must have been born no later than 4 BCE, the year of..''</ref> and died around the year of 30 CE (for Jesus’ crucifixion).<ref>[https://www.bartehrman.com/when-did-jesus-die/#:~:text=According%20to%20Bart%20Ehrman%2C%20the,30%20CE%20for%20Jesus'%20crucifixion. When Did Jesus Die? Unveiling the Month & Year of His Crucifixion.] Joshua Schachterle, Ph.D. 2024. Bart Ehrman.com </ref> The books that make up the New Testament, documenting Jesus's life and teachings, (and believed by Christians to be divinely inspired writings to cover his teachings, death and salvation) are in mostly consensus to be written in order of seven authentic letters of Paul followed the first Gospel, Mark (~C. 70 C.E), two more inauthentic (source) letters from Paul, followed by The Gospel of Matthew and then The Gospel of Luke, (both~ 80-90 C.E.), five more inauthentic letters attributed to Paul, followed by The Gospel of John (~90-100 C.E.), with the Book of Revelation and several more letters after that.<ref>[https://www.bartehrman.com/bible-in-chronological-order/ Bible in Chronological Order (Every Book Ordered by Date Written)]. Marko Marina, Ph.D. 2024. Bart Ehram.com. </ref> These books/letters and their approximate dates are in order as follows: | ||
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Jesus tells his followers that they will not die before the Kingdom of God comes into power and judgment by the Son of Man occurs. (''The Son of man was a cosmic judge for the hour.)''<ref>[https://ehrmanblog.org/at-last-jesus-and-the-son-of-man/ At Last. Jesus and the Son of Man.] Bart Ehrman Blog. 2020. </ref> | Jesus tells his followers that they will not die before the Kingdom of God comes into power and judgment by the Son of Man occurs. (''The Son of man was a cosmic judge for the hour.)''<ref>[https://ehrmanblog.org/at-last-jesus-and-the-son-of-man/ At Last. Jesus and the Son of Man.] Bart Ehrman Blog. 2020. </ref> | ||
{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%209%3A1&version=NIV Mark 9:1]|2=And he said to them, “Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see that the kingdom of God has come with power.”}}{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%208%3A38-9%3A1&version=NIV Mark 8:38–9:1]|2=38 “Whoever is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of that one will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels. 1 Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see that the Kingdom of God has come in power” .}} | {{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%209%3A1&version=NIV Mark 9:1]|2=And he said to them, “Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see that the kingdom of God has come with power.”}}{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%208%3A38-9%3A1&version=NIV Mark 8:38–9:1]|2=38 “Whoever is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of that one will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels. 1 Truly I tell you, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see that the Kingdom of God has come in power” .}} | ||
Along with direct statements, we have other guidance given at odds with the the Qur'anic Jesus. E.g. as Ehrman (2001) notes, Jesus's followers are told to essentially give away all of their possessions, which makes far more sense in an imminent apocalyptic environment where they would not need them over a long-term life, let alone a sustainable long-term society. If the Jesus truly was the Qur'anic one, it is difficult to imagine why his early followers would have believed such things so contrary to Islam. | |||
{{Quote|Ehrman, Bart D.. Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium (p. 168). Oxford University Press.|As a corollary, people should give all they have for the sake of others. In our earliest accounts Jesus not only urges indifference to the good things of this life (which, when seen from an apocalyptic perspective, are actually not all that good-since they too will be destroyed in the coming Kingdom), he rails against them, telling his followers to be rid of them. And thus, when a rich person comes to Jesus to ask about inheriting eternal life, upon finding out that he has already observed the commandments of God found in the Law he hasn't murdered, committed adultery, stolen, or borne false witness, for example-Jesus tells him, "You still lack one thing: go, sell everything you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven" (Mark 10:17-21)}} | |||
''(Allison (2009) also notes [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2014%3A33&version=NRSVA Luke 14:33] where his followers are told they can't become his disciple if they don't give up all of their possessions,<ref>Dale C. Allison Jr.. The Historical Christ and the Theological Jesus (Kindle Locations 834-837). Kindle Edition.</ref> and Jesus sends forth missionaries without staff, food, or money: [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%206%3A8-9&version=NIV Mark 6:8-9]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2010%3A9-10&version=NIV Matt. 10:9-10]; [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2010%3A4&version=NIV Luke 10:4].<ref>Dale C. Allison Jr.. The Historical Christ and the Theological Jesus (Kindle Location 829). Kindle Edition.</ref> Followers are also commanded to never refuse someone who wants to borrow money from you. ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%205%3A42&version=NRSVA Matthew 5:42])<ref>Madison, David. Ten Things Christians Wish Jesus Hadn't Taught: And Other Reasons to Question His Words (pp.26) Insighting Growth Publications. Kindle Edition.</ref>).'' | |||
These direct statements continue in the next Gospel, the Gospel of Matthew (~80-90CE). | |||
{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2016%3A28&version=NIV Matthew 16:28]|2=“Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.”}}{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2010%3A23&version=NIV Matthew 10:23]|2=When you are persecuted in one place, flee to another. Truly I tell you, you will not finish going through the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.}} | {{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2016%3A28&version=NIV Matthew 16:28]|2=“Truly I tell you, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.”}}{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2010%3A23&version=NIV Matthew 10:23]|2=When you are persecuted in one place, flee to another. Truly I tell you, you will not finish going through the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes.}} | ||
Further statements include. | Further statements include. | ||