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Relationships with non-Muslims in Islamic Law: Difference between revisions
Relationships with non-Muslims in Islamic Law (view source)
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Abraham's people, whom he declared enemies in the above verse, did nothing besides idolatry according to the tafsirs. But it should be noted that a softening of this stance occurs a few verses later in the same surah. It says that Allah may put love / affection between the Muslims and those who had been their enemies, that they are permitted to show kindness and deal justly with them so long as they had not made war on the Muslims and had not helped drive them out. It is only those who did do such things that the believers should not take as guardians / allies (awliyaa). | Abraham's people, whom he declared enemies in the above verse, did nothing besides idolatry according to the tafsirs. But it should be noted that a softening of this stance occurs a few verses later in the same surah. It says that Allah may put love / affection between the Muslims and those who had been their enemies, that they are permitted to show kindness and deal justly with them so long as they had not made war on the Muslims and had not helped drive them out. It is only those who did do such things that the believers should not take as guardians / allies (awliyaa). | ||
The tafsirs say that verse 60:7 was uttered because the previous verses were hard for the Muslims, telling them to disown their own relatives in Mecca, even their children in verse {{Quran|60|3}}. Regarding verse 60:8, ibn Kathir cites {{Bukhari| | The tafsirs say that verse 60:7 was uttered because the previous verses were hard for the Muslims, telling them to disown their own relatives in Mecca, even their children in verse {{Quran|60|3}}. Regarding verse 60:8, ibn Kathir cites {{Bukhari|||5978|darussalam}} that it was revealed after Asma' bint Abu Bakr rejected her idolatress mother when she tried to visit her in Medina. He says that 'A'isha asked Muhammad's opinion on this.<ref>[http://m.qtafsir.com/Surah-Al-Mumtahina/The-Permissibility-of-being-Ki--- qtafsir.com] - Tafsir of ibn Kathir on verse 60:8. The comment about 'A'isha is also found in Wahidi's [https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=86&tSoraNo=60&tAyahNo=8&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 Asbab Al-Nuzul]</ref> Al-Tabari in his tafsir records disagreement as to whether the exemption applies only to believers who did not migrate from Mecca, or to polytheists who did not fight nor expel the believers. He also records one narration that the verse was abrogated by later commands to fight the disbelievers, while others disagreed.<ref>[https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=1&tSoraNo=60&tAyahNo=8&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 altafsir.com] - Tafsir al-Tabari for verse 60:8</ref> | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|60|7|9}}|It may be that Allah will ordain love [mawaddatan]<ref name="mawadattan"></ref> between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers. Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them [tawallawhum]. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran-range|60|7|9}}|It may be that Allah will ordain love [mawaddatan]<ref name="mawadattan"></ref> between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers. Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them [tawallawhum]. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.}} | ||
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===Only pious believers where Muhammad's friends=== | ===Only pious believers where Muhammad's friends=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim| | {{Quote|{{Muslim||215|reference}}|'Amr b. 'As reported: I heard it from the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) quite audibly and not secretly: Behold! the posterity of my fathers, that is, so and so, are not my friends. Verily Allah and the pious believers are my friends.[awliya]}} | ||
===Muhammad used to visit a sick Jewish servant=== | ===Muhammad used to visit a sick Jewish servant=== | ||
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Contemporary scholars often cite this hadith as an example of Muhammad showing friendship to a Jewish persion. | Contemporary scholars often cite this hadith as an example of Muhammad showing friendship to a Jewish persion. | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||1356|darussalam}}|Narrated Anas: | ||
A young Jewish boy used to serve the Prophet (ﷺ) and he became sick. So the Prophet (ﷺ) went to visit him. He sat near his head and asked him to embrace Islam. The boy looked at his father, who was sitting there; the latter told him to obey Abul-Qasim and the boy embraced Islam. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out saying: "Praises be to Allah Who saved the boy from the Hell-fire."}} | A young Jewish boy used to serve the Prophet (ﷺ) and he became sick. So the Prophet (ﷺ) went to visit him. He sat near his head and asked him to embrace Islam. The boy looked at his father, who was sitting there; the latter told him to obey Abul-Qasim and the boy embraced Islam. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out saying: "Praises be to Allah Who saved the boy from the Hell-fire."}} | ||
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===A man follows the religion of his friend=== | ===A man follows the religion of his friend=== | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||4833|darussalam}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah: | ||
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: A man follows the religion of his friend [Khalil]; so each one should consider whom he makes his friend.[Khalil]}} | The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: A man follows the religion of his friend [Khalil]; so each one should consider whom he makes his friend.[Khalil]}} | ||
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===Only stay with believers=== | ===Only stay with believers=== | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||4832|darussalam}}|Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: | ||
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Associate only with a believer, and let only a God-fearing man eat your meals. | The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Associate only with a believer, and let only a God-fearing man eat your meals. | ||
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===Whoever joins a polytheist is like him=== | ===Whoever joins a polytheist is like him=== | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||2787|darussalam}}|Narrated Samurah ibn Jundub: | ||
To proceed, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Anyone who associates with a polytheist and lives with him is like him. | To proceed, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Anyone who associates with a polytheist and lives with him is like him. | ||