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→The Caliphate of Muaawiya
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Muaawiya succeeded Ali as caliph in January 661.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti pp. 178, 197.</ref> He “excelled at insults”<ref>{{Tabari|15|pp. 115-116}}.</ref> and was just as nepotistic as Uthman and Ali had been.<ref>{{Tabari|18|p. 154}}.</ref> He continued the Islamic conquests, consolidating gains in Persia and modern Afghanistan and adding Sudan to the empire.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti pp. 198-199.</ref> | Muaawiya succeeded Ali as caliph in January 661.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti pp. 178, 197.</ref> He “excelled at insults”<ref>{{Tabari|15|pp. 115-116}}.</ref> and was just as nepotistic as Uthman and Ali had been.<ref>{{Tabari|18|p. 154}}.</ref> He continued the Islamic conquests, consolidating gains in Persia and modern Afghanistan and adding Sudan to the empire.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti pp. 198-199.</ref> | ||
Muaawiya had no reason to dislike Aisha. They had fought a common enemy, and she recognised him as Caliph.<ref></ref> He did not even need to take active steps to “keep her out of politics” by maintaining her house-arrest, for he moved the capital of the Islamic empire to Damascus,<ref></ref> so the great affairs of state no longer occurred on Aisha’s doorstep in the mosque at Medina. Therefore Muaawiya had nothing to lose by showing Aisha, at least superficially, the deference due to the foremost Mother of the Faithful. He contacted her, asking, “Write a letter to advise me, and do not overburden me.” Aisha’s polite reply deliberately avoided all political controversy. | Muaawiya had no reason to dislike Aisha. They had fought a common enemy, and she recognised him as Caliph.<ref></ref> He did not even need to take active steps to “keep her out of politics” by maintaining her house-arrest, for he moved the capital of the Islamic empire to Damascus,<ref>Muir (1924) p. 291.</ref> so the great affairs of state no longer occurred on Aisha’s doorstep in the mosque at Medina. Therefore Muaawiya had nothing to lose by showing Aisha, at least superficially, the deference due to the foremost Mother of the Faithful. He contacted her, asking, “Write a letter to advise me, and do not overburden me.” Aisha’s polite reply deliberately avoided all political controversy. | ||
{{Quote|Aisha's letter to Caliph Muaawiya, [http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/36/ Tirmidhi:4:36:2597].|Peace be upon you. As for what follows: Indeed I heard Allah’s Messenger saying, “Whoever seeks Allah’s pleasure by the people’s wrath, Allah will suffice him from the people. And whoever seeks the people’s pleasure by Allah’s wrath, Allah will entrust him to the people.” And peace be upon you.}} | {{Quote|Aisha's letter to Caliph Muaawiya, [http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/36/ Tirmidhi:4:36:2597].|Peace be upon you. As for what follows: Indeed I heard Allah’s Messenger saying, “Whoever seeks Allah’s pleasure by the people’s wrath, Allah will suffice him from the people. And whoever seeks the people’s pleasure by Allah’s wrath, Allah will entrust him to the people.” And peace be upon you.}} | ||