View source for All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith

This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in [[Old Hijazi]]. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi].

Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.

The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include marks which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:

{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}|
فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ

So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}}


The four pausal sings and their meanings:

(مـ) pausing is mandatory.

(ج) pausing is allowed.

(صلى) pausing is allowed but continuation is preferred.

(قلى) continuation is allowed but pausing is preferred.


The type of the pause and its position are the work of the scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. To keep things simple, this article does not count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.

In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:

{{Quote|{{Quran|57|25}}| 

وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ

Old Hijazi: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;   wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...

Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}}


'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''

1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.

2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples  where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences.

<br />

==A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==


<big>'''A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:'''</big>

<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5

Old Hijazi:           wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>.

Classical Arabic: wa lil-<u>kāfirīna</u> ʕadhābun <u>muhīn</u>.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7

Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn.

Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.

Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ <u>هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ</u> ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾</span> Q2:102

OH: harūt wa mārūt

CA: harūta wa mārūt


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ <u>بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾</span> Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.

OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā

CA: bashīran wa nadhīrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4

OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u>

CA: wa lil-<u>kāfirīna</u> ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīm</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166

OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-<u>asbāb</u>

CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾ<u>asbāb</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا <u>‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ</u> صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:171

OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā

CA: duʕāʾan wa nidāʾā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿شَهْرُ <u>رَمَضَانَ</u> الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ <u>الْقُرْآنُ</u> هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى <u>وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ</u> فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى <u>سَفَرٍ</u> فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ <u>أُخَرَۗ</u> يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي <u>قَرِيبٌ</u> ۖ <u>أُجِيبُ</u> دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾</span>

Q2:185,186 

OH:  shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> al-ladhi unzil fīhu <u>l-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.

CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي <u>الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ</u> وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾</span>  Q2:247

OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.

CA: fil-ʕilmi wal-jism.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ <u>‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾</span>  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19

OH: khayrā kathīrā.

CA: khayran kathīrā.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو <u>‌عُسْرَةٍ</u> <u>‌فَنَظِرَةٌ</u> إِلَى <u>مَيْسَرَةٍۚ</u> وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:280

OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.

CA: ʕusratin fanaḍhiratun ʾilā maysarah.

ʕusrah and maysarah in the dialect of Hijaz are pronounced as ʕusurah and maysurah. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.1 p.407)


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌<u>أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا</u> ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾</span>  Q3:30

OH: amadā baʕīdā

CA: ʾamadan baʕīdā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q3:63

OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-mufsidīn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16

OH: ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>

CA: ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ عَ<u>لِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q3:115, 9:44

OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-muttaqīn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155

OH: yawm altaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ash-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…

CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181

OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.

CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَكُلُوهُ <u>هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا</u>۝﴾</span> Q4:4 

OH: haniyyā mariyyā.

CA: hanīʾan marīʾā.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌<u>بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span>  Q5:19

OH: min <u>bashīr</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.

CA: min <u>bashīrin</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jāʾakum <u>bashīrun</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَهُمْ ‌<u>يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝</span>  Q6:26

OH:  yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh.

CA:  yanhawna ʕanhu wayanʾawna ʕanh.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ</u> ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56

OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.

CA: mubashshirīna wa mundhirīn.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌<u>الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ</u> وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾</span>  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22

OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.

CA: fil-barri wal-baḥr.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ <u>‌حَمِيمٍ</u> وَعَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:70 Q10:4

OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā…

CA: min <u>ḥamīmin</u> wa ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> bimā…


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ <u>‌الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span> Q8:41

OH: yawma l-<u>furqān</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.

CA: yawma l-<u>furqāni</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q9:21

OH: naʕīm muqīm.

CA: naʕīmun muqīm.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌<u>هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ</u> بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾</span>   Q9:109

OH: hār fanhār …

CA: hārin fanhāra …


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌<u>نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188 

OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.

CA: nadhīrun wa bashīr.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌<u>حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.

OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā.

CA: ḥukman waʕilmā.


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌<u>مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span> Q12:22

OH: makīn amīn

CA: makīnun ʾamīn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42

OH: wasayaʕlam <u>al-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>

CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌<u>خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q16:4, 36:77

OH: khaṣīm mubīn

CA: khaṣīmun mubīn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌<u>سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q16:75

OH: sirrā wajahrā

CA: sirran wajahrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌<u>أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرً</u>ا۝﴾</span>   Q17:9 

OH: ajrā kabīrā

CA: ʾajran kabīrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.

OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā

CA: mubashshiran wanadhīrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> ‌وَخَيْرٌ <u>‌عُقْبًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q18:44

OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wakhayr <u>ʕuqbā</u>

CA: huwa khayrun <u>thawāban</u> wakhayrun <u>ʕuqbā</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ <u>صَابِرًا</u> ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ <u>‌أَمْرًا۝</u>﴾</span>   Q18:69

OH: ṣābirā...amrā

CA: ṣābiran...ʾamrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا</u>۝﴾</span> Q19:27

OH: shayyā fariyyā

CA: shayʾan fariyyā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q20:112 

OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā

CA: ḍhulman walā haḍmā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌<u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q21:90

OH: raghabā warahabā

CA: raghaban warahabā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>‌بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q22:25

OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm…

CA: fīhi <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīhi <u>biʾilḥādin</u> biḍhulmin…


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا <u>‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q25:14

OH: thubūrā kathīrā

CA: thubūran kathīrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91

OH: wa burrizat <u>al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>

CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي <u>أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ</u> ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾</span>  Q27:40

OH: aashkur am akfur

CA: ʾaʾashkuru ʾam ʾakfur


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41

OH: wa inn awhan <u>al-buyūt</u> labayt <u>al-ʕankabūt</u>

CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى <u>‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا</u> كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ <u>وَقْرًا</u> ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾</span> Q31:7

OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u>

CA: wallā <u>mustakbiran</u> kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi <u>waqrā</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾</span>   Q31:19

OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik

CA: waqṣid fī mashyika waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ <u>قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q33:38

OH: qadarā maqdūrā

CA: qadaran maqdūrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q33:41  

OH: dhikrā kathīrā 

CA: dhikran kathīrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ <u>‌مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.

OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> walā yakād <u>yabīn</u>

CA: huwa <u>mahīnun</u> walā yakādu <u>yabīn</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q56:3

OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah

CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes

OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā

CA: illā qīlan salāman salāmā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾</span>   Q56:33

OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah

CA: lā maqṭūʕatin walā mamnūʕah


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾</span>  Q56:37

OH: ʕurubā atrābā

CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span>   Q57:25

OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ…

CA: wa ʾanzalna <u>l-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu…


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ <u>‌مُنْكَرًا</u> ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ <u>وَزُورًا</u> ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾</span>  Q58:2

OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u>

CA: <u>munkaran</u> mina l-qawli wa <u>zūrā</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ <u>‌حَسَنَةٌ</u> فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ <u>مَعَهُ</u> إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾</span>   Q60:4

OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū…

CA: ʾuswatun <u>ḥasanatun</u> fī ʾibrāhīma wal-ladhīna <u>maʕahū</u> ʾidh qālū…


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَكَرُوا <u>مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q71:22

OH: makrā kubbārā

CA: makran kubbārā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا <u>فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q71:27

OH: fājirā kaffārā

CA: fājiran kaffārā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ <u>قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا</u> ۝﴾</span> Q73:5

OH: qawlā thaqīlā

CA: qawlan thaqīlā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ <u>خَيْرًا</u> ‌وَأَعْظَمَ <u>‌أَجْرًا</u> ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾</span>  Q73:20

OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u>     

CA: huwa <u>khayran</u> wa ʾaʕḍhamu <u>ʾajrā</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q74:18

OH: innah <u>fakkar waqaddar</u>

CA: innahū <u>fakkara waqaddar</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q74:23

OH: thumm <u>adbar wastakbar</u>

CA: thumma <u>ʾadbara wastakbar</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا <u>شَاكِرًا</u> وَإِمَّا <u>كَفُورًا</u> ۝﴾</span> Q76:3

OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u>

CA: ʾimmā <u>shākiran</u> wa ʾimmā <u>kafūrā</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ <u>لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>   Q76:26

OH: laylā ṭawīlā

CA: laylan ṭawīlā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾</span>   Q77:6

OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā

CA: ʕudhran ʾaw nudhrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌<u>بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q77:32 

OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar

CA: bishararin kal-qaṣar

In the canonical readings, the final word is read as “kal-qaṣr”. But a number of non-canonical readings read it as “kal-qaṣar” which makes it a perfect rhyming fit for the preceding word “bisharar”. The final word of the next verse is non-canonically read as ṣufur. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.10 p.248, 251)


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَجَعَلْنَا <u>سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q78:13

OH: sirājā wahhājā

CA: sirājan wahhājā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ <u>عَذَابًا</u> <u>قَرِيبًا</u> يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾</span> Q78:40

OH: ʕadhābā qarībā

CA: ʕadhāban qarībā (This position is an end of a verse in the Baṣran and some Makkan readings. In the readings wher this position isn't an end of a verse, the two words are read as ʕadhāban qarīban)


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾</span>  Q80:28

OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā

CA: wa inaban waqaḍbā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42

OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah

CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q88:3

OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah

CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher

OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah

CA: nāṣiyatin kādhibatin khāṭiyah


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ <u>‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q104:1

OH: humazah lumazah

CA: humazatin lumazah


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7

OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn

CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي <u>‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q111:1

OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab

CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab

<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4

OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās

CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās

<br />

'''<big>B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.</big>'''

Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى</u> لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ۝﴾</span> Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2

Old Hijazi:            <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn

Classical Arabic: <u>wa hudan wa bushrā</u> lil-muʾminīn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌نَذِيرٌ ‌مُبِينٌ۝﴾</span>  Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49.

OH: nadhīr mubīn

CA: nadhīrun mubīn


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَيَئُوسٌ ‌كَفُورٌ۝﴾</span>   Q11:9

OH: layaūs kafūr

CA: layaʾūsun kafūr


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِنَّ ‌أَخْذَهُ ‌<u>أَلِيمٌ ‌شَدِيدٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:102

OH: alīm shadīd

CA: ʾalīmun shadīd


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌فِيهَا ‌<u>زَفِيرٌ ‌وَشَهِيقٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:106

OH: zafīr wa shahīq

CA: zafīrun wa shahīq


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ ‌إِنِّي ‌<u>حَفِيظٌ ‌عَلِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q12:55

OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm

CA: ḥafīḍhun ʕalīm


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَدْحُورًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:18

OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā

CA: madhmūman madḥūrā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَخْذُولًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:22

OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā

CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ ‌عَمَّا <u>‌قَلِيلٍ</u> ‌لَيُصْبِحُنَّ <u>‌نَادِمِينَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q23:40

OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u>

CA: ʕammā <u>qalīlin</u> la yuṣbiḥunna <u>nādimīn</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ <u>ظَلُومًا ‌جَهُولً</u>ا ۝﴾</span>  Q33:72

OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā

CA: ḍhalūman jahūlā


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ</u> ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q36:73

OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib

CA: manāfiʕu wamashārib


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَ<u>يَئُوسٌ ‌قَنُوطٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q41:49

OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ

CA: fa yaʾūsun qanūṭ


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌<u>الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q44:49

OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm

CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ <u>رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q50:18

OH: raqīb ʕatīd

CA: raqībun ʕatīd


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:27

<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذِي <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:78

OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram

CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ ‌<u>كَثِيبًا ‌مَهِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>  Q73:14

OH: kathībā mahīlā

CA: kathīban mahīlā


Q89:19-22

<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ <u>أَكْلًا لَمًّا</u> (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ <u>حُبًّا جَمًّا</u> (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ <u>دَكًّا دَكًّا (</u>٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ <u>صَفًّا صَفًّا</u> (٢٢) ﴾</span> 

OH: …aklā lammā۝…ḥubbā jammā۝…dakkā dakkā۝…ṣaffā ṣaffā۝

CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝

'''<big>C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.</big>'''


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ ‌مِنْ ‌<u>خَيْرٍ ‌فَقِيرٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q28:24

OH: khayr faqīr

CA: khayrin faqīr


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌<u>زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q22:5, 50:7

OH: zawj bahīj

CA: zawjin bahīj


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q56:42

OH: samūm waḥamīm

CA: samūmin waḥamīm
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
'''<big>A- The two words share an identical final consonant.</big>'''

ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)

    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)

    al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)

ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)

    al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)

ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā   عليما حليما (33:51)

khabīr baṣīr خبير بصير “Aware, Seeing” (35:31, 42:27)

    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)

ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)

===B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.===
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm.

ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)

      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)

      al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)

ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)

ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)

      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)

      al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)

samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)

     as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)

al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)

raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)

ghafūr ḥalīm  غفور حليم “Forgiving, Forbearing” (4, such as 5:101) 

ḥalīmā ghafūrā حليما غفورا “Forbearing, Forgiving” (17:44, 35:41)

ʕalīm khabīr عليم خبير “Knower, Aware” (31:34, 49:13)

    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)

    al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)

ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)

   al-ḥakīm al-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)

laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)

     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)

     al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)

al- azīz al-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)

al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8) 

samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)

    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)

    as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)

ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)

   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)

    al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)

  al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)

raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)

ḥakīm ḥamīd حكيم حميد “Wise, Owner of Praise” (41:42)

shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)

al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)

samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)
<br />

==Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith==
Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.


The first internal rhyme is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:

<ref>مصنف ابن أبي شيبة، ج6 ص137، دار التاج

Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah, vol.6 p.137, Dar Al-Taj</ref>«نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ كُلٌّ ‌<u>شَافٍ ‌كَافٍ</u>»

Old Hijazi:            shāf kāf

Classical Arabic: shāfin kāf, or shāfin kāfī


The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān):

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌<u>الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية

Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.1 p.126, published by Al-Sultaniah</ref>

Old Hijazi:           al-wasīlah wal-faḍīlah

Classical Arabic: al-wasīlata wal-faḍīlah


<ref>صحيح مسلم، ج1 ص412، تحقيق عبد الباقي

Sahih Muslim, vol.1 p.412, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref>أَنَّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي الصَّلَاةِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ <u>الْمَأْثَمِ وَ الْمَغْرَمِ</u>. 

Old Hijazi:            al-mātham wal-maghram

Classical Arabic: al-maʾthami wal-maghram


<ref>سنن أبي داود، ج2 ص645، تحقيق شعيب الأرنؤوط

Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ ‏</u>"‏ ‏.

OH: min <u>al-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>al-akhlāq</u>

CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u>


<ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية

Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span> 

OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ

CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ


((<u>لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ</u> وَالْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ فِي يَدَيْكَ، وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ، أَنَا بِكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، ‌تَبَارَكْتَ ‌وَتَعَالَيْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ...اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي <u>مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ</u>، <u>وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ</u>، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ)). <ref>صحيح مسلم، ج1 ص534، تحقيق عبد الباقي

Sahih Muslim, vol.1 p.534, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref>

This is a prayer that contains many internal rhymes:

OH: labbayk wa saʕdayk (pause)  tabārakt wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamt wa mā akhkhart (pause) wa mā asrart wa mā aʕlant (pause) wa mā asraft (pause)

CA: labbayka wa saʕdayk (pause) tabārakta wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamtu wa mā ʾakhkhart (pause) wa mā ʾasrartu wa mā ʾaʕlant (pause) wa mā ʾasraft (pause)


<ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية

(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.</span> 

OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih 

CA: ʕājilihī wa ʾājilih


<ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي

Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ ‌<u>الدُّثُورِ ‌بِالْأُجُو</u>رِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.</span>

OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr

CA: ʾahlu d-duthūri bil-ʾujūr


<ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147

Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span>

OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.

CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.

Note how the word “bariyyā” only rhymes without the hamzah. 


<ref>الآحاد والمثاني لابن أبي عاصم» (3/ 460)

Al-ʾāḥād wal-mathānī by Ibn Abī ʕāṣim, vol.3 p.460, Dār Al-Rāyah</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَدْمِ وَالتَّرَدِّي وَالْهَرَمِ ‌<u>وَالْغَرَقِ ‌وَالْحَرَقِ</u> وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ إِنْ يَتَخَبَّطَنِي الشَّيْطَانُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَأَنْ أُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مُدْبِرًا أَوْ أَمُوتَ لَدِيغًا»

OH: wal-gharaq wal-ḥaraq

CA: wal-gharaqi wal-ḥaraq 


<ref>مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (6/ 33 تحقيق الحوت)

Al-Musannaf by Ibn Abi Shaybah, vol.6 p.33, Tahqiq by Al-Hout</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَرِزْقًا طَيِّبًا، ‌<u>وَعَمَلًا ‌مُتَقَبَّلًا</u>»

OH: wa ʕamalā mutaqabbalā

CA: wa ʕamalan mutaqabbalā


<ref>مسند أحمد، ج37 ص355 ط الرسالة

Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌<u>الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ</u> "

OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm

CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm


<ref>مسند أحمد، ج13 ص418 ط الرسالة

Musnad Ahmad, vol.13 p.418, Al-Risalah</ref>" اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ ‌<u>وَالْقِلَّةِ ‌وَالذِّلَّةِ</u>، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ "

OH: wal-qillah wal-dhillah

CA: wal-qillati wal-dhillah


<ref>مسند أبي داود الطيالسي، ج2 ص84، دار هجر

Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.84, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ ‌قِنِي <u>‌عَذَابَكَ</u> يَوْمَ ‌تَبْعَثُ <u>‌عِبَادَكَ</u>»

OH: allāhumm qinī <u>ʕadhābak</u> yawm tabʕath <u>ʕibādak</u>

CA: allāhumma qinī <u>ʕadhābaka</u> yawma tabʕathu <u>ʕibādak</u>


<ref>مسند أبي داود الطيالسي، ج2 ص199، دار هجر

Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌<u>الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»

OH: min <u>al-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause)

CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)


كان رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ إذا قام من الليل كبَّر، ثم يقول:

"سبحانك اللهم! وبحمدك، وتبارك اسمك، وتعالى جدك، ولا إله غيرك"، ثم يقول: "لا إله إلا الله" ثلاثًا، ثم يقول:

<ref>سنن أبي داود تحقيق الأرنؤوط، ج2 ص82

Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.82, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>"الله أكبر كبيرًا" -ثلاثًا- أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم؛ من ‌<u>همزه ونفخه ونفثه</u>" ثم يقرأ.

OH: min hamzih wa nafkhih wa nafthih

CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih

==External Links==
Idris AlArabi--[https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith]
==References==
<references />