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Arabic pronouns and the Quran: Difference between revisions
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This article lists the pronouns of the Arabic language and discusses their usage in the Qur'an. | This article lists the pronouns of the Arabic language and discusses their usage in the Qur'an. | ||
==Arabic pronouns== | ==Arabic pronouns== | ||
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There are 12 different subject pronouns in Arabic: | There are 12 different subject pronouns in Arabic: | ||
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5 | {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | ||
!English | !English | ||
!Arabic | !Arabic | ||
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|they (feminine)||<span style="font-size:150%;">هن</span>||''hunna'' | |they (feminine)||<span style="font-size:150%;">هن</span>||''hunna'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
* They are more complicated than in English, because they differentiate between dual and plural forms and also sometimes differentiate between gender while English doesn't (for exampe "you" feminine plural and "you" masculine plural). | |||
* Since Arabic has different verb forms for different pronouns, the pronouns are often not written. For example in English "he wrote" and "she wrote" couldn't be expressed by just "wrote", because the gender would be ambiguous. But in Arabic "he wrote" is "howwa kataba" and "she wrote" is "heyya katabat", so writing "kataba" is enough to express "he wrote", without the need for "howwa" (he). | *They are more complicated than in English, because they differentiate between dual and plural forms and also sometimes differentiate between gender while English doesn't (for exampe "you" feminine plural and "you" masculine plural). | ||
* Dual pronouns might be considered redundant, when they can be expressed with plural forms. Also there is no gender neutral pronoun, like "it". So English is easier and has something that Arabic | *Since Arabic has different verb forms for different pronouns, the pronouns are often not written. For example in English "he wrote" and "she wrote" couldn't be expressed by just "wrote", because the gender would be ambiguous. But in Arabic "he wrote" is "howwa kataba" and "she wrote" is "heyya katabat", so writing "kataba" is enough to express "he wrote", without the need for "howwa" (he). | ||
*Dual pronouns might be considered redundant, when they can be expressed with plural forms. Also there is no gender neutral pronoun, like "it". So English is easier and has something that Arabic doesn't. | |||
===Object & posessive pronouns=== | ===Object & posessive pronouns=== | ||
Object pronouns, like "me" or "us" are expressed as a suffix added to the verb. For example, | Object pronouns, like "me" or "us" are expressed as a suffix added to the verb. For example, the violent verse 2:191, ''"Waqtuloo'''hum''' haythu thaqiftumoo'''hum'''"'' (واقتلو'''هم''' حيث ثقفتمو'''هم'''), means "and-kill-'''them''' wherever you-find-'''them'''". Arabic uses only three words for the sentence, because the conjunction "and" (و, ''wa'') is prefixed and the object pronouns "them" (هم, ''hum'') are suffixed. | ||
The verb is represented by "-" in the table: | The verb is represented by "-" in the table: | ||
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5 | {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | ||
!English | !English | ||
!Arabic | !Arabic | ||
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|them (feminine)||<span style="font-size:150%;">ـهن-</span>||''-hunna'' | |them (feminine)||<span style="font-size:150%;">ـهن-</span>||''-hunna'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
* (*) Posessive pronouns like "his" or "our" are expressed almost identically, with the exception of "my" being <span style="font-size:150%;">ـي-</span> (-i). | |||
* Although possessive pronouns don't change the meaning of the noun in any way, apologists, when counting the word "day" (يوم, ''yawm''), exclude words like "your day" (يومكم, ''yawmi'''kum''''') in the [[365 days miracle in the Quran|365 days miracle]], because otherwise they wouldn't get to 365. | *(*) Posessive pronouns like "his" or "our" are expressed almost identically, with the exception of "my" being <span style="font-size:150%;">ـي-</span> (-i). | ||
*Although possessive pronouns don't change the meaning of the noun in any way, apologists, when counting the word "day" (يوم, ''yawm''), exclude words like "your day" (يومكم, ''yawmi'''kum''''') in the [[365 days miracle in the Quran|365 days miracle]], because otherwise they wouldn't get to 365. | |||
==Allah refers to himself in the plural== | ==Allah refers to himself in the plural== | ||
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The other pronouns besides ''yusayyiru'''kum''''' are omitted and only signalized by the verb conjugation. | The other pronouns besides ''yusayyiru'''kum''''' are omitted and only signalized by the verb conjugation. | ||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Iltifat]] | |||
*[[Spelling Inconsistencies in the Quran]] | |||
*[[Arabic letters and diacritics]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{page_title|Arabic pronouns and the Qur'an}} | {{page_title|Arabic pronouns and the Qur'an}} | ||
<references /> | |||