Early Conversions to Islam

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Historical:

In the 9th century, Samaritans of Palestine faced persecution and forced conversion at the hands of a rebel leader ibn Firāsa, against whom they were defended by Abbasid caliphate troops.[1]


Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty in Persia, decreed Twelver Shia Islam to be the official religion of state and ordered executions of a number of Sunni intellectuals who refused to accept Shiism.[2][3] Non-Muslims faced frequent persecutions and at times forced conversions under the rule of his successors.[4] Thus, after the capture of the Hormuz Island, Abbas I required local Christians to convert to Islam, Abbas II granted his ministers authority to force Jews to become Muslims, and Sultan Husayn decreed forcible conversion of Zoroastrians.[5] In 1839, during the Qajar era the Jewish community in the city of Mashhad was attacked by a mob and subsequently forced to convert to Islam.[6]

Modern:

In 2017, many members of the Orang Rimba tribe in Indonesia, especially children, were being forced to renounce their folk religion and convert to Islam.[7]

In 2018, Kurdish Christians were being forced to convert to Islam.[8]

  1. Moshe Gil. A History of Palestine, 634-1099. CUP Archive. p. 822, 1992. https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA822. 
  2. Savory, R.M., Gandjeï, T.. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. ed,. Ismāʿīl I. 4 (2nd ed.). Brill. p. 186, 2012. 
  3. H.R. Roemer. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart. ed,. The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 218, 1986. 
  4. Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Template:ISBN. p.52
  5. Lapidus, Ira M.. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9, 2014. 
  6. Pirnazar, Jaleh, "The "Jadid al-Islams" of Mashhad", Foundation for Iranian Studies, Bethesda, MD, USA: Foundation for Iranian Studies, http://www.fis-iran.org/en/irannameh/volxix/mashhad-jewish-community. 
  7. Henschke, Rebecca, "Indonesia's Orang Rimba: Forced to renounce their faith", BBC (archived from the original), https://web.archive.org/web/20171117121109/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41981430. 
  8. https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/104214/kurdish-christians-facing-forced-conversions-in-syrias-afrin-province/#47q2s7QPq4kewUxx.97