Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence): Difference between revisions

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'''Fiqh''' (فقه‎) is [[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence. This jurisprudence by [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] is a complimentary expansion of [[Shari'ah]], based directly on what Muslims consider to be the sacred writings of the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]].  
[[Islam|Islamic]] jurisprudence, or '''Fiqh''' (فقه‎), is the activity [[Madh'hab|Islamic jurists]] engage in as they elaborate the [[Shari'ah]], or "God's law", based directly on the [[Qur'an]] and [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] [[Sunnah]] or "way", as compiled in the [[hadiths]]. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as revealed to Muhammad".


They comprise of new rulings/interpretations of Islamic laws which are necessitated by varying factors in the evolving world, factors which [[Muhammad]] would not have encountered during his prophethood. The scope for reform is limited by the non-allowance of [[Bid'ah]] (innovation).
Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four [[Sunni]] [[Madhab|madhabs]], or two/three [[Shi'ite]] madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or [[Fatwa|fatwas]], arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and is categorically prohibited.
 
While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings (fatwas) existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would be introduced almost a hundred years later, both making their first significant appearance during the life of the Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855)


{{Core Scripture}}
{{Core Scripture}}
==Downloads==
==Downloads==
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamicbulletin.com/free_downloads/resources/reliance_complete.pdf|2=2011-03-16}} Reliance of the Traveller (Revised Edition)] ''- 30.2 MB PDF file''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islamicbulletin.com/free_downloads/resources/reliance_complete.pdf|2=2011-03-16}} Reliance of the Traveller (Revised Edition)] ''- 30.2 MB PDF file''


==External Links==
==External Links==
*[http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20020808145141/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik]'' - Online text of a book of Shafi'i Fiqh''
*[http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20020808145141/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/NHMK_RT/Default.htm Reliance of the Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law Umdat Al-Salik]'' - Online text of a book of Shafi'i Fiqh''
*[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996)] ''- A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh''
*[http://bewley.virtualave.net/Risalatitl.html The Risala of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996)] ''- A Treatise on Maliki Fiqh''

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Islamic jurisprudence, or Fiqh (فقه‎), is the activity Islamic jurists engage in as they elaborate the Shari'ah, or "God's law", based directly on the Qur'an and Muhammad's Sunnah or "way", as compiled in the hadiths. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as revealed to Muhammad".

Fiqh comprises both its methodologies (as detailed by the four Sunni madhabs, or two/three Shi'ite madhabs) and its products, which are the rulings, or fatwas, arrived at by jurists. Broadly speaking, all jurisprudence methods and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or bid'ah, and is categorically prohibited.

While the prohibition on bid'ah stifles meaningful and substantive reform (that could, for instance, overturn the laws implemented by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia), neither the interpretive methodologies/schools (madhabs) nor systematic rulings (fatwas) existed during Muhammad's lifetime. Both of these would be introduced almost a hundred years later, both making their first significant appearance during the life of the Imams Abu Hanifa (d. 767), Malik (d. 795), Shafi'i (d. 820), and Ibn Hanbal (d. 855)

This page is featured in the core article, Islam and Scripture which serves as a starting point for anyone wishing to learn more about this topic
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Downloads

External Links