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{{PortalArticle|image=Battle of Badr.jpg|title=Portal: Early Islamic History|summary=The first centuries of the Islamic Hijri calendar, starting in the CE year 622, were the formative years of the religion. Between the first and third Islamic centuries the Qur'an was written down and codified, the prophet lived and died, the great hadith collections were gathered, the sira of the prophet was committed to writing, the great schools of Sunni jurisprudence came to be, and the theology of Islam attained its familiar form. The end of the Abassid period saw the "crystallization" of the Islamic tradition around the Sunnah of the prophet and the Qur'an placed in creation before all time and space after the defeat of the Mu'atazilite heresy. These years thus can be said to cover the formation of the religion of Islam as we know it today. |description=
{{PortalArticle|image=Battle of Badr.jpg|title=Portal: Early Islamic History|summary=The first centuries of the Islamic Hijri calendar, starting in the CE year 622, were the formative years of the religion. Between the first and third Islamic centuries the Qur'an was written down and codified, the prophet lived and died, the great hadith collections were gathered, the sira of the prophet was committed to writing, the great schools of Sunni jurisprudence came to be, and the theology of Islam attained its familiar form. These years thus can be said to cover the formation of the religion of Islam as we know it today. |description=
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
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*[[Dihya the Berber Queen (Al-Kaahina)]]
*[[Dihya the Berber Queen (Al-Kaahina)]]
*[[Battle of Badr]]
*[[Battle of Badr]]
*[[List of expeditions of Muhammad]]
*[[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza]]
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*[[Textual History of the Qur'an]]
*[[Textual History of the Qur'an]]
*[[Sana'a Manuscript]]
*[[Sana'a Manuscript]]
*[[Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Quran]]
*[[Pagan Origins of Islam]]
*[[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Alexander Romance]]
*[[Black Stone]]
</div>}}{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Portal: Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars|summary= Islamic law, or the Shariah, is held to comprise the specific rulings intended by Allah for all of mankind in all times and places and delivered through Islamic scriptures (namely, the Quran and hadith). Fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence, comprises the legal and interpretive theories through which these rulings are derived from the Quran and hadith. Norms observed and prescribed by Muhammad in these scriptures are, as a rule, taken literally and considered binding. |description=
</div>}}{{PortalArticle|image=Islamic Tradition.jpg|title=Portal: Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars|summary= The Qur'an, Hadith, Scripture pages are a special category of pages here at WikiIslam. Rather than being encyclopedia articles, these pages bring together a unique collection of Quranic verses, hadith, sira traditions, tafsir, writings of classical scholars and rulings of contemporary Islamic sheikhs and ulemaa. These pages are organized by theme to assist the student, searcher or researcher. |description=
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
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<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Popular Articles'''</div><div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Popular Articles'''</div><div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Slavery|Slavery]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Textual History of the Qur'an|Textual History of the Qur'an]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Textual History of the Qur'an|Textual History of the Qur'an]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy|Apostasy]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy|Apostasy]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning|Stoning]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality|Homosexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Homosexuality|Homosexuality]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Stoning|Stoning]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Witchcraft and the Occult|Witchcraft and the Occult]]
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimma|Dhimma]]
</div>}}
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{{PortalArticle|image=Quran_Mashaf_Comparisons.jpg|title=Portal: Islamic Scriptures|summary=The idea of scripture is central to Islam; above all else, Islam's own scriptures tell of how Allah has periodically given his followers books throughout the ages, and refers to Islam's co-abrahamic religionists as People of the Book. The central scripture of Islam is above all the Qur'an, which orthodox Sunni and Shi'i Islam see as the literal word of Allah through his messenger Muhammad.  |description=
{{PortalArticle|image=Quran_Mashaf_Comparisons.jpg|title=Portal: Islamic Scriptures|summary=The idea of scripture is central to Islam; above all else, Islam's own scriptures tell of how Allah has periodically given his followers books throughout the ages, and refers to Islam's co-abrahamic religionists as People of the Book. The central scripture of Islam is above all the Qur'an, which orthodox Sunni and Shi'i Islam see as the literal word of Allah through his messenger Muhammad.  |description=
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*[[Naskh (Abrogation)]]
*[[Naskh (Abrogation)]]
*[[Sahih Bukhari]]
*[[Sahih Bukhari]]
*[[Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)]]
*[[Contradictions in the Quran]]
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<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Popular Articles'''</div><div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Popular Articles'''</div><div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
*[[Scientific Errors in the Quran]]
*[[Scientific Errors in the Quran]]
*[[Embryology in the Qur'an]]
*[[The Islamic Whale]]
*[[The Islamic Whale]]
*[[Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth]]
*[[Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth]]
*[[Embryology in the Qur'an]]
*[[Geocentrism and the Quran]]
*[[Cosmology of the Quran]]
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}} {{PortalArticle|image=Muslim-usa.jpg|title=Portal: Islam and Human Rights|summary=While some modern Islamic scholars have struggled to reconcile Islamic law and modern, largely Western notions of human rights, the majority of traditional Islamic scholars today have defied what they perceive as an attempt at intellectual colonialism. |description=
}} {{PortalArticle|image=Muslim-usa.jpg|title=Portal: Islam and Human Rights|summary=The conflict between modern human rights doctrine and Islamic law can, for the most part, be understood as a product of their extreme historical and contextual distance. Whereas Islamic law was formulated in the harsh, unpredictable, and austere environment of 7th-9th century Arabia, modern Human rights doctrine is generally traced back to the European Enlightenment. |description=
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
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{{PortalArticle|image=Mary In the Quran.PNG|title=Portal: Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition|summary=The Qur'an makes constant reference to the stories of the Judeao-Christian tradition. The references are familiar and sometimes in passing, and assume a great deal of familiarity on the part of the listeners. The audience for these chapters was clearly one well-acquainted with the stories themselves and the Qur'an itself says that it is a "reminder" (73:19) of the message which has come before |description=
{{PortalArticle|image=Mary In the Quran.PNG|title=Portal: Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition|summary=The Qur'an and Sunnah make constant reference to stories from the Judeao-Christian tradition. The audience for the Qur’an was clearly well-acquainted with these stories and the Qur'an itself says that it is a "reminder" (73:19) of the message which came before. The stories referenced are not only from the Bible, but come from a wide variety of literary traditions from within ancient near east Christianity and Judaism. |description=
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Sections'''</div>
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<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Popular Articles'''</div><div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
<div style="padding: 4px;padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px;background: #283763; border: 1px solid #DEB330; color:#ffffff; font-size: 1.2em;">'''Popular Articles'''</div><div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
*[[Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Quran]]
*[[Mary, Sister of Aaron]]
*[[Mary, Sister of Aaron]]
*[[Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an]]
*[[Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an]]
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*[https://ExMuslims.Org Ex-Muslims of North America]
*[https://ExMuslims.Org Ex-Muslims of North America]
*[https://quranx.com QuranX]
*[https://quranx.com QuranX]
*[https://sunnah.one Hadith search engine (Arabic)]
*[https://tafsir.app Tafsir search engine (Arabic)]
*[https://al-maktaba.org/ Islamic texts library (Arabic) ]
*[http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h14,ll=h38,ls=h1,la=h1,sg=h20,ha=h21,br=h26,pr=h9,aan=h24,mgf=h33,vi=h51,kz=h10,mr=h25,mn=h1,uqw=h106,umr=h26,ums=h14,umj=h34,ulq=h247,uqa=h17,uqq=h2,bdw=h19,amr=h7,asb=h17,auh=h37,dhq=h2,mht=h6,msb=h8,tla=h8,amj=h22,ens=h1,mis=h1 Arabic dictionaries]
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Revision as of 00:41, 17 September 2022

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The first centuries of the Islamic Hijri calendar, starting in the CE year 622, were the formative years of the religion. Between the first and third Islamic centuries the Qur'an was written down and codified, the prophet lived and died, the great hadith collections were gathered, the sira of the prophet was committed to writing, the great schools of Sunni jurisprudence came to be, and the theology of Islam attained its familiar form. These years thus can be said to cover the formation of the religion of Islam as we know it today.

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Islam arose in 7th century Arabia, and as such its appearance bears the markings of its ancient Arab and Near East milieu.

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The Qur'an, Hadith, Scripture pages are a special category of pages here at WikiIslam. Rather than being encyclopedia articles, these pages bring together a unique collection of Quranic verses, hadith, sira traditions, tafsir, writings of classical scholars and rulings of contemporary Islamic sheikhs and ulemaa. These pages are organized by theme to assist the student, searcher or researcher.

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The idea of scripture is central to Islam; above all else, Islam's own scriptures tell of how Allah has periodically given his followers books throughout the ages, and refers to Islam's co-abrahamic religionists as People of the Book. The central scripture of Islam is above all the Qur'an, which orthodox Sunni and Shi'i Islam see as the literal word of Allah through his messenger Muhammad.

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Islamic law, or the Shariah, is held to comprise the specific rulings intended by Allah for all of mankind in all times and places and delivered through Islamic scriptures (namely, the Quran and hadith). Fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence, comprises the legal and interpretive theories through which these rulings are derived from the Quran and hadith. Norms observed and prescribed by Muhammad in these scriptures are, as a rule, taken literally and considered binding.

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There is much in Islamic scripture that is not of direct legal relevance and which can be understood as constituting doctrine. The Arabic word aqeedah, or creed, has generally been understood to encompass a more limited range of ideas than what, to a modern person, would appear as Islamic doctrine.


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Among the many and diverse matters discussed in or touched upon by Islamic scriptures are topics of direct or indirect scientific interest. These topics include reproductive science, embryology, cosmology, and medicine, among others.

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The conflict between modern human rights doctrine and Islamic law can, for the most part, be understood as a product of their extreme historical and contextual distance. Whereas Islamic law was formulated in the harsh, unpredictable, and austere environment of 7th-9th century Arabia, modern Human rights doctrine is generally traced back to the European Enlightenment.

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Muhammad, the founder of Islam, is one of the most vigorously revered men to have ever lived. His legacy has meant many different things to many different people throughout history. Information on his life comes almost exclusively through oral reports (hadiths) compiled, for the most part, more than a hundred and fifty years after his death.

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The wives of the prophet are described as "أمهات المؤمنين" or "mothers of the believers." As such the prophetic example is considered instructive for all Muslim households. How the prophet interacted with his wives, and how they obeyed him, is a framework for how Muslim husbands and wives ought to interact, as well as how men should interact with their own female slaves.

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Muhammad's contemporaries, companions, and successors play an elevated role in the lore of Islam. It is against many of his contemporaries that Muhammad defined his movement, it is through his companions that his tradition was passed forth, and it is by his immediate successors that his legacy was interpreted and formalized.

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The Qur'an and Sunnah make constant reference to stories from the Judeao-Christian tradition. The audience for the Qur’an was clearly well-acquainted with these stories and the Qur'an itself says that it is a "reminder" (73:19) of the message which came before. The stories referenced are not only from the Bible, but come from a wide variety of literary traditions from within ancient near east Christianity and Judaism.

The Quran and Mountains
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The Quran has a particular conception of the nature of mountains, their formation, and the geological role they play. In recent times, many Islamic scholars have argued that this conception is both scientifically sound and an instance of miraculous scientific foreknowledge on the part of the Quran.

Critics argue that these verses contain multiple mistakes from a scientific viewpoint. They describe the creation of mountains as one stage in the creation of the Earth. One verse describes mountains as pegs, while other verses state that they were cast into the Earth in some sense to stabilise it. This is commonly interpreted today as a reference to earthquakes, though multiple lines of evidence including hadith and pre-Islamic poetry indicate rather that the Quran here means that mountains prevent the Earth as a whole from shifting. (read more)