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{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}
{{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}}
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The unbelievers, their sins, and their fate in the afterlife is one of the Qur'ans most strikingly prominent themes. On almost every page, the reader of the Qur'an is confronted with the "doom" (بئس المصير) and "painful torment" (عذاب أليم) that awaits the unbelievers in the afterlife, in their eternal abode, "the fire" (النار). In this life the duty of the believer is [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|Jihad]] against the unbelievers until the pay the[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah|protection tax]] and "feel themselves subdued" (Qur'an 9:29). The Qur'an warns the believers not to take the unbelievers as friends or protectors, and prohibits the marriage of believers to unbelievers (though this verse is traditionally considered partially abrogated by another permitting believing men to marry Christian and Jewish women). The [[hadith]] and the [[sira]] underline this hostility by portraying the prophet as constantly warring against the unbelief of the pagan Meccans and their Jewish allies. The [[sunnah]] contains many instances of the prophet and his companions killing and torturing unbelievers, and this is exalted as the good and righteous policy of a believing Muslim state. According to the sunnah, the best the unbelievers can hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]].  
The disbelievers, their sins, and their fate in the afterlife is one of the Qur'an's most strikingly prominent themes. On almost every page, the reader of the Qur'an is confronted with the "doom" (بئس المصير) and "painful torment" (عذاب أليم) that awaits the disbelievers in the afterlife, in their eternal abode, "the fire" (النار). The Quran urges the believers to [[Jihad in Islamic Law|fight]] those who oppress them until they cease. One of the last surahs states that treaty-breakers must convert, seek asylum, or die, and that [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:People of the Book|People of the Book]] be fought until they pay the [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jizyah|protection tax]] and "feel themselves subdued" (Qur'an 9:29). [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|Jihad]] against the disbelievers [[Jihad in Islamic Law|was interpreted]] by scholars in a developing imperial context to support offensive warfare. The Qur'an warns the believers not to take certain disbelievers as [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship_with_Non-Muslims‎|close allies]], and prohibits the marriage of believers to disbelievers (though this verse is traditionally considered partially abrogated by another permitting believing men to marry Christian and Jewish women). The [[hadith]] and the [[sira]] underline this hostility by portraying many instances of the prophet and his companions killing and torturing disbelievers, and constantly warring against the unbelief of the pagan Meccans and their Jewish allies, which to some extent may reflect the slightly later period of early conquests. This is exalted as the good and righteous policy of a believing Muslim state. According to the sunnah, the best the disbelievers can hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]].  
   
   
==People==
==People==
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{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy}}


====Allah will afflict apostates with a painful doom in this world and the Hereafter====
====Allah will punish those who disbelieve after their belief with an awful doom====
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|16|106}}|Whoso disbelieveth in Allah after his belief - save him who is forced thereto and whose heart is still content with the Faith - but whoso findeth ease in disbelief: On them is wrath from Allah. Theirs will be an awful doom.}}
{{Quote|{{cite quran|88|21|end=24|style=ref}}|Therefore do remind, for you are only a reminder. You are not a watcher over them; But whoever turns back and disbelieves, Allah will chastise him with the greatest chastisement.}}
 
====Allah will afflict the hypocrites with a painful doom in this world and the Hereafter====


{{Quote|{{cite quran|9|73|end=74|style=ref}}|O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites! Be harsh with them. Their ultimate abode is hell, a hapless journey's end. They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and '''if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter''', and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.}}
{{Quote|{{cite quran|9|73|end=74|style=ref}}|O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites! Be harsh with them. Their ultimate abode is hell, a hapless journey's end. They swear by Allah that they said nothing (wrong), yet they did say the word of disbelief, and did disbelieve after their Surrender (to Allah). And they purposed that which they could not attain, and they sought revenge only that Allah by His messenger should enrich them of His bounty. If they repent it will be better for them; and '''if they turn away, Allah will afflict them with a painful doom in the world and the Hereafter''', and they have no protecting friend nor helper in the earth.}}
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Allah's Apostle said, "Satan comes to one of you and says, 'Who created so-and-so? 'till he says, ''''Who has created your Lord?'''' So, when he inspires such a question, one should seek refuge with Allah and give up such thoughts."}}
Allah's Apostle said, "Satan comes to one of you and says, 'Who created so-and-so? 'till he says, ''''Who has created your Lord?'''' So, when he inspires such a question, one should seek refuge with Allah and give up such thoughts."}}


====Ali commands to have atheists burned to death====
====Ali commands to have atheists burned to death====
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====Christians====
====Christians====
=====Christians will be nearest in love to the believers=====
{{Quote|1={{Quran|5|82}}|2=Strongest among men in enmity to the believers wilt thou find the Jews and Pagans; and nearest among them in love to the believers wilt thou find those who say, "We are Christians": because amongst these are men devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant.}}


=====Christians are polytheists who worship three gods; Allah (Father), Mary (Mother) and Jesus (Son)=====
=====Christians worship three gods; Allah (Father), Mary (Mother) and Jesus (Son)=====
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|116}}|"And when Allah saith: '''O Jesus, son of Mary! Didst thou say unto mankind: Take me and my mother for two gods beside Allah?''' he saith: Be glorified! It was not mine to utter that to which I had no right. If I used to say it, then Thou knewest it. Thou knowest what is in my mind, and I know not what is in Thy Mind. Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Knower of Things Hidden?"}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|116}}|"And when Allah saith: '''O Jesus, son of Mary! Didst thou say unto mankind: Take me and my mother for two gods beside Allah?''' he saith: Be glorified! It was not mine to utter that to which I had no right. If I used to say it, then Thou knewest it. Thou knowest what is in my mind, and I know not what is in Thy Mind. Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Knower of Things Hidden?"}}


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{{Quote|{{Quran|5|73}}|"They do blaspheme who say: Allah is one of three in a Trinity: for there is no god except One Allah. If they desist not from their word (of blasphemy), verily '''a grievous penalty will befall the blasphemers''' among them."}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|73}}|"They do blaspheme who say: Allah is one of three in a Trinity: for there is no god except One Allah. If they desist not from their word (of blasphemy), verily '''a grievous penalty will befall the blasphemers''' among them."}}


=====Jesus will return for Jihad, will break the cross (Christians) and kill the swine (Jews)=====
=====Jesus will return to fight the people, will break the cross and kill the swine=====


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|37|4310}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:  
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|37|4310}}|Narrated AbuHurayrah:  
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====Jews====
====Jews====


=====Jews hate Muslims, are sinners who will listen to any lie and hinder people from Allah's way=====
=====Jews will have the strongest emnity to Muslims, are sinners who will listen to any lie and hinder people from Allah's way=====


{{Quote|1={{Quran|4|160}}|2=For the iniquity of the Jews We made unlawful for them certain (foods) good and wholesome which had been lawful for them;- in that they hindered many from Allah's Way;-}}
{{Quote|1={{Quran|4|160}}|2=For the iniquity of the Jews We made unlawful for them certain (foods) good and wholesome which had been lawful for them;- in that they hindered many from Allah's Way;-}}
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{{Quote|{{Quran|8|22}}|For the '''vilest beasts''' in God's sight, are the deaf, the dumb, who understand not.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|8|22}}|For the '''vilest beasts''' in God's sight, are the deaf, the dumb, who understand not.}}


{{Quote|{{Quran|8|55}}|For the '''worst of beasts''' in the sight of God are those who reject Him: They will not believe.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of hell, to remain therein [for ever]. These are the '''worst of creatures'''.}}


{{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of hell, to remain therein [for ever]. These are the '''worst of creatures'''.}}
{Quran|8|55}} is often quoted as a similar verse, though the next verse qualifies the people referred to as treaty breakers.


===Friendship===
===Friendship===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Friendship with Non-Muslims}}


====Do not befriend non-Muslims because they love what distresses you====
====Do not take certain disbelievers as close allies because they love what distresses you====


{{Quote|{{Quran|4|144}}|O ye who believe! '''Take not for friends unbelievers rather than believers:''' Do ye wish to offer Allah an open proof against yourselves?}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|144}}|O ye who believe! '''Take not for friends unbelievers rather than believers:''' Do ye wish to offer Allah an open proof against yourselves?}}


{{Quote|{{Quran|3|118}}|O you who believe! '''do not take for intimate friends from among others than your own people;''' they do not fall short of inflicting loss upon you; '''they love what distresses you'''; vehement hatred has already appeared from out of their mouths, and what their breasts conceal is greater still; indeed, We have made the communications clear to you, if you will understand.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|118}}|O you who believe! '''do not take for intimate friends from among others than your own people;''' they do not fall short of inflicting loss upon you; '''they love what distresses you'''; vehement hatred has already appeared from out of their mouths, and what their breasts conceal is greater still; indeed, We have made the communications clear to you, if you will understand.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|60|7|9}}|It may be that Allah will ordain love [[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume8/00000185.pdf mawaddatan]] between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers. Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them [tawallawhum]. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.}}


====Only stay and eat with Muslims, because whoever joins a non-Muslim is like him====
====Only stay and eat with Muslims, because whoever joins a non-Muslim is like him====
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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: '''Associate only with a believer, and let only a God-fearing man eat your meals'''. }}
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: '''Associate only with a believer, and let only a God-fearing man eat your meals'''. }}


{{Quote|[{{Reference archive|1=http://islamqa.info/en/ref/111564|2=2013-05-25}} Abu Dawud: 2787]|“Whoever joins a mushrik and lives with him is like him"}}
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|14|2781}}|“Whoever joins a mushrik and lives with him is like him"}}


====Forsake your own fathers, sons, brothers or kinsfolk if they are non-Muslims====
====Do not take your fathers, sons, brothers or kinsfolk as close allies if they love disbelief and oppose Allah and his Messenger====


{{Quote|{{Quran|9|23}}|O ye who believe! '''Choose not your fathers nor your brethren for friends if they take pleasure in disbelief rather than faith'''. Whoso of you taketh them for friends, such are wrong-doers.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|23}}|O ye who believe! '''Choose not your fathers nor your brethren for friends if they take pleasure in disbelief rather than faith'''. Whoso of you taketh them for friends, such are wrong-doers.}}
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{{Quote|{{Quran|58|22}}|You shall not find a people who believe in Allah and the latter day befriending those who act in opposition to Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their (own) fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their kinsfolk;''' these are they into whose hearts He has impressed faith, and whom He has strengthened with an inspiration from Him''': and He will cause them to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; Allah is well-pleased with them and they are well-pleased with Him these are Allah's party: now surely the party of Allah are the successful ones.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|58|22}}|You shall not find a people who believe in Allah and the latter day befriending those who act in opposition to Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their (own) fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their kinsfolk;''' these are they into whose hearts He has impressed faith, and whom He has strengthened with an inspiration from Him''': and He will cause them to enter gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; Allah is well-pleased with them and they are well-pleased with Him these are Allah's party: now surely the party of Allah are the successful ones.}}


===Fighting===
===Marriage to disbelievers===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Fighting Non-Muslims}}
====Believering women may only take believing husbands, who may also take christian and Jewish wives====
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|221}}|Wed not idolatresses till they believe; for lo! a believing bondwoman is better than an idolatress though she please you; '''and give not your daughters in marriage to idolaters till they believe''', for lo! a believing slave is better than an idolater though he please you. These invite unto the Fire, and Allah inviteth unto the Garden, and unto forgiveness by His grace, and expoundeth His revelations to mankind that haply they may remember.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|60|10}}|O ye who believe! '''When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them'''. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|5}}|This day are (all) good things made lawful for you. The food of those who have received the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them. '''And so are the virtuous women of the believers and the virtuous women of those who received the Scripture before you (lawful for you) when ye give them their marriage portions''' and live with them in honour, not in fornication, nor taking them as secret concubines. Whoso denieth the faith, his work is vain and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter.}}


====Muslims will become dominant over non-Muslims by outnumbering them through overbreeding====
====Believers will outnumber other peoples through prolific childbirth====
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|11|2045}}|Narrated Ma'qil ibn Yasar: A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: I have found a woman of rank and beauty, but she does not give birth to children. Should I marry her? He said: No. He came again to him, but he prohibited him. He came to him third time, and '''he (the Prophet) said: Marry women who are loving and very prolific, for I shall outnumber the peoples by you'''. }}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|11|2045}}|Narrated Ma'qil ibn Yasar: A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: I have found a woman of rank and beauty, but she does not give birth to children. Should I marry her? He said: No. He came again to him, but he prohibited him. He came to him third time, and '''he (the Prophet) said: Marry women who are loving and very prolific, for I shall outnumber the peoples by you'''. }}
===Fighting===
{{Main|Jihad in Islamic Law|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad}}


====Killing non-Muslim women and children is permissible as collateral damage====
====Killing non-Muslim women and children is permissible as collateral damage====
Muhammad disapproved of the killing of women and children during expeditions (also {{Muslim|19|4319}}).
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|257}}|During some of the Ghazawat of the Prophet (ﷺ) a woman was found killed. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) disapproved the killing of women and children.}}
Although when asked, he excused the probable exposure of women and children to danger during an attack.


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|256}}|Narrated As-Sab bin Jaththama: The Prophet passed by me at a place called Al-Abwa or Waddan, and was asked whether it was permissible to attack the pagan warriors at night with the probability of exposing their women and children to danger. '''The Prophet replied, "They (i.e. women and children) are from them (i.e. pagans)."''' I also heard the Prophet saying, "The institution of Hima is invalid except for Allah and His Apostle."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|256}}|Narrated As-Sab bin Jaththama: The Prophet passed by me at a place called Al-Abwa or Waddan, and was asked whether it was permissible to attack the pagan warriors at night with the probability of exposing their women and children to danger. '''The Prophet replied, "They (i.e. women and children) are from them (i.e. pagans)."''' I also heard the Prophet saying, "The institution of Hima is invalid except for Allah and His Apostle."}}
A more specific hadith quotes the same narrator stating that this involved women and children who were trampled over with horses during the attack:
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||3|19|1570}}|Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:
"I was informed by As-Sa'b bin Jaththamah who said: " I said: "O Messenger of Allah our horses trampled over women and children of the idolaters." He said: "They are from their fathers.'"
[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. }}


====Jihad must be performed continuously from the creation of Islam to the coming of the Antichrist====
====Jihad must be performed continuously from the creation of Islam to the coming of the Antichrist====


{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|14|2526}}|Narrated Anas ibn Malik: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Three things are the roots of faith: to refrain from (killing) a person who utters, "There is no god but Allah" and not to declare him unbeliever whatever sin he commits, and not to excommunicate him from Islam for his any action; and '''jihad will be performed continuously since the day Allah sent me as a prophet until the day the last member of my community will fight with the Dajjal (Antichrist)'''. The tyranny of any tyrant and the justice of any just (ruler) will not invalidate it. One must have faith in Divine decree.}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|14|2526}}|Narrated Anas ibn Malik: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Three things are the roots of faith: to refrain from (killing) a person who utters, "There is no god but Allah" and not to declare him unbeliever whatever sin he commits, and not to excommunicate him from Islam for his any action; and '''jihad will be performed continuously since the day Allah sent me as a prophet until the day the last member of my community will fight with the Dajjal (Antichrist)'''. The tyranny of any tyrant and the justice of any just (ruler) will not invalidate it. One must have faith in Divine decree.}}
====Invite People of the Book to convert to Islam, pay protection money or fight them====
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, '''until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.'''}}
{{Quote|1={{Muslim|19|4294}}|2=It has been reported from Sulaiman b. Buraid through his father that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) appointed anyone as leader of an army or detachment he would especially exhort him to fear Allah and to be good to the Muslims who were with him. He would say: Fight in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. '''Fight against those who disbelieve in Allah. Make a holy war''', do not embezzle the spoils; do not break your pledge; and do not mutilate (the dead) bodies; do not kill the children. When you meet your enemies who are polytheists, '''invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them. Then invite them to migrate from their lands to the land of Muhairs and inform them that, if they do so, they shall have all the privileges and obligations of the Muhajirs. If they refuse to migrate, tell them that they will have the status of Bedouin Muilims and will be subjected to the Commands of Allah like other Muslims, but they will not get any share from the spoils of war or Fai' except when they actually fight with the Muslims (against the disbelievers). If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them'''. When you lay siege to a fort and the besieged appeal to you for protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not accord to them the guarantee of Allah and His Prophet, but accord to them your own guarantee and the guarantee of your companions for it is a lesser sin that the security given by you or your companions be disregarded than that the security granted in the name of Allah and His Prophet be violated. When you besiege a fort and the besieged want you to let them out in accordance with Allah's Command, do not let them come out in accordance with His Command, but do so at your (own) command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah's behest with regard to them.}}
====Fight and kill treaty breakers unless they testify that Muhammad is Allah's Apostle or seek asylum====
{{Quote|1={{Quran-range|9|5|8}}|2=But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); '''but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity''', then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
If one amongst the Pagans ask thee for asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the word of Allah; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge.
How can there be for the polytheists a treaty in the sight of Allah and with His Messenger, except for those with whom you made a treaty at al-Masjid al-Haram? So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [who fear Him].
How [can there be a treaty] while, if they gain dominance over you, they do not observe concerning you any pact of kinship or covenant of protection? They satisfy you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse [compliance], and most of them are defiantly disobedient.}}
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|1|2|24}}|2=Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle said: "'''I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Apostle, and offer the prayers perfectly and give the obligatory charity''', so if they perform that, then they save their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah."}}


===Dhimmitude===
===Dhimmitude===
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Allaah Knows best.}}
Allaah Knows best.}}


====Non-Muslims must pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued, humiliated and terrified====
====People of the Book must pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued====


{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, '''until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.'''}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|9|29}}|Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, '''until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.'''}}
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{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Forced Conversion}}


====The real meaning behind "Let there be no compulsion in religion"====
===="Let there be no compulsion in religion"====
{{Main|Let There be no Compulsion in Religion}}


{{quote|{{Abudawud|14|2676}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas<BR>
{{quote|{{Abudawud|14|2676}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas<BR>


When the children of a woman (in pre-Islamic days) did not survive, '''she took a vow on herself that if her child survives, she would convert it a Jew'''. When Banu an-Nadir were expelled (from Arabia), there were some children of the Ansar (Helpers) among them. They said: We shall not leave our children. '''So Allah the Exalted revealed; "Let there be no compulsion in religion'''. Truth stands out clear from error."}}
When the children of a woman (in pre-Islamic days) did not survive, '''she took a vow on herself that if her child survives, she would convert it a Jew'''. When Banu an-Nadir were expelled (from Arabia), there were some children of the Ansar (Helpers) among them. They said: We shall not leave our children. '''So Allah the Exalted revealed; "Let there be no compulsion in religion'''. Truth stands out clear from error."}}
Some classical scholars considered the verse abrogated, though generally it was understood as refering to the impossibility of coercing belief (see main article).


{{Quote|Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, Al-Firdous Ltd., London, 1999: First Edition, Part 3, pp. 37-38|Allah says: "There is no compulsion in religion", meaning: do not force anyone to embrace Islam, because it is clear and its proofs and evidences are manifest. Whoever Allah guides and opens his heart to Islam has indeed embraced it with clear evidence. Whoever Allah misguides blinds his heart and has set a seal on his hearing and a covering on his eyes cannot embrace Islam by force...hence Allah revealed this verse. '''But, this verse is abrogated by the verse of "fighting...Therefore, all people of the world should be called to Islam. If anyone of them refuses to do so, or refuses to pay the Jizya they should be fought till they are killed. This is the meaning of compulsion.''' In the Sahih, the Prophet said: "Allah wonders at those people who will enter Paradise in chains", meaning prisoners brought in chains to the Islamic state, then they embrace Islam sincerely and become righteous, and are entered among the people of Paradise.}}
{{Quote|Tafsir of Ibn Kathir, Al-Firdous Ltd., London, 1999: First Edition, Part 3, pp. 37-38|Allah says: "There is no compulsion in religion", meaning: do not force anyone to embrace Islam, because it is clear and its proofs and evidences are manifest. Whoever Allah guides and opens his heart to Islam has indeed embraced it with clear evidence. Whoever Allah misguides blinds his heart and has set a seal on his hearing and a covering on his eyes cannot embrace Islam by force...hence Allah revealed this verse. '''But, this verse is abrogated by the verse of "fighting...Therefore, all people of the world should be called to Islam. If anyone of them refuses to do so, or refuses to pay the Jizya they should be fought till they are killed. This is the meaning of compulsion.''' In the Sahih, the Prophet said: "Allah wonders at those people who will enter Paradise in chains", meaning prisoners brought in chains to the Islamic state, then they embrace Islam sincerely and become righteous, and are entered among the people of Paradise.}}


====Invite non-Muslims to convert to Islam, pay protection money or fight them====
{{Quote|1={{Muslim|19|4294}}|2=It has been reported from Sulaiman b. Buraid through his father that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) appointed anyone as leader of an army or detachment he would especially exhort him to fear Allah and to be good to the Muslims who were with him. He would say: Fight in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. '''Fight against those who disbelieve in Allah. Make a holy war''', do not embezzle the spoils; do not break your pledge; and do not mutilate (the dead) bodies; do not kill the children. When you meet your enemies who are polytheists, '''invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them. Then invite them to migrate from their lands to the land of Muhairs and inform them that, if they do so, they shall have all the privileges and obligations of the Muhajirs. If they refuse to migrate, tell them that they will have the status of Bedouin Muilims and will be subjected to the Commands of Allah like other Muslims, but they will not get any share from the spoils of war or Fai' except when they actually fight with the Muslims (against the disbelievers). If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them'''. When you lay siege to a fort and the besieged appeal to you for protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not accord to them the guarantee of Allah and His Prophet, but accord to them your own guarantee and the guarantee of your companions for it is a lesser sin that the security given by you or your companions be disregarded than that the security granted in the name of Allah and His Prophet be violated. When you besiege a fort and the besieged want you to let them out in accordance with Allah's Command, do not let them come out in accordance with His Command, but do so at your (own) command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah's behest with regard to them.}}
====Fight and slay them wherever you find them, until they testify that Muhammad is Allah's Apostle====
{{Quote|1={{Quran|9|5}}|2=But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); '''but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity''', then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}}
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|1|2|24}}|2=Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle said: "'''I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Apostle, and offer the prayers perfectly and give the obligatory charity''', so if they perform that, then they save their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah."}}


===Damned to Hell===
===Damned to Hell===
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Non-Muslims are Damned to Hell}}


====Non-Muslims are the fuel of Allah's fire in hell====
====Non-Muslims are the fuel of Allah's fire in hell====
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{{Quote|{{Quran-range|22|19|22}}|These two antagonists dispute with each other about their Lord: But those who deny (their Lord),- for them will be cut out a garment of Fire: over their heads will be poured out boiling water. With it will be scalded what is within their bodies, as well as (their) skins. In addition there will be maces of iron (to punish) them. Every time they wish to get away therefrom, from anguish, they will be forced back therein, and (it will be said), "Taste ye the Penalty of Burning!"}}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|22|19|22}}|These two antagonists dispute with each other about their Lord: But those who deny (their Lord),- for them will be cut out a garment of Fire: over their heads will be poured out boiling water. With it will be scalded what is within their bodies, as well as (their) skins. In addition there will be maces of iron (to punish) them. Every time they wish to get away therefrom, from anguish, they will be forced back therein, and (it will be said), "Taste ye the Penalty of Burning!"}}


====Sinful Muslims will be spared hell-fire by throwing Christians and Jews into hell====
====Sinful Muslims will be spared hell-fire by Christians and Jews thrown into hell====


{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6665}}|Abu Musa' reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When it will be the Day of Resurrection Allah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say: That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6665}}|Abu Musa' reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: When it will be the Day of Resurrection Allah would deliver to every Muslim a Jew or a Christian and say: That is your rescue from Hell-Fire.}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6668}}|Abu Burda reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would come people amongst the Muslims on the Day of Resurrection with as heavy sins as a mountain, and Allah would forgive them and '''He would place in their stead the Jews and the Christians'''. (As far as I think), Abu Raub said: I do not know as to who is in doubt. Abu Burda said: I narrated it to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, whereupon he said: Was it your father who narrated it to you from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)? I said: Yes.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|37|6668}}|Abu Burda reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There would come people amongst the Muslims on the Day of Resurrection with as heavy sins as a mountain, and Allah would forgive them and '''He would place in their stead the Jews and the Christians'''. (As far as I think), Abu Raub said: I do not know as to who is in doubt. Abu Burda said: I narrated it to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, whereupon he said: Was it your father who narrated it to you from Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him)? I said: Yes.}}
====Non-Muslim women will spend their afterlife as sex slaves for Muslim men====
{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur]|2= Abu Umama said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:
“None is made to enter Paradise by Allah Most High except Allah Most High shall marry him to seventy-two wives, two of them from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise and '''seventy of them his inheritance from the People of Hellfire''', not one of them but her attraction never lags nor his arousal ever wanes.”}}


===Allah===
===Allah===
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{{Quote|{{Quran|22|18}}| Seest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth: the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the animals; and a great number among mankind? But a great number are (also) such as are fit for Punishment: and such as Allah shall disgrace,- None can raise to honour: for Allah carries out all that He wills. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|18}}| Seest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth: the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the animals; and a great number among mankind? But a great number are (also) such as are fit for Punishment: and such as Allah shall disgrace,- None can raise to honour: for Allah carries out all that He wills. }}


====Allah sees non-Muslims as the worst of beasts and will not purify their hearts====
====Allah sees disbelievers as evil and only wrong-doers disbelieve====


{{Quote|{{Quran|8|55}}|For the worst of beasts in the sight of Allah are those who reject Him: They will not believe. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of hell, to remain therein [for ever]. These are the worst of creatures.}}


{{Quote|{{Quran|5|41}}|O Messenger. let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief: (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie,- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places: they say, "If ye are given his, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah's will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|5|41}}|O Messenger. let not those grieve thee, who race each other into unbelief: (whether it be) among those who say "We believe" with their lips but whose hearts have no faith; or it be among the Jews,- men who will listen to any lie,- will listen even to others who have never so much as come to thee. They change the words from their (right) times and places: they say, "If ye are given his, take it, but if not, beware!" If any one's trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such - it is not Allah's will to purify their hearts. For them there is disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a heavy punishment. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|99}}|And We have certainly revealed to you verses [which are] clear proofs, and no one would deny them except the defiantly disobedient.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|7|177}}|How evil [سَآءَ sāa<ref>sin-waw-alif [http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume4/00000181.pdf Lane's Lexicon p. 1457]</ref>] an example [is that of] the people who denied Our signs and used to wrong themselves.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|57}}|And who is more unjust than one who is reminded of the verses of his Lord but turns away from them and forgets what his hands have put forth? Indeed, We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And if you invite them to guidance - they will never be guided, then - ever.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|29|49}}|Rather, the Qur'an is distinct verses [preserved] within the breasts of those who have been given knowledge. And none reject Our verses except the wrongdoers.}}


====Allah will make the deeds of non-Muslims fruitless and will bring destruction on them====
====Allah will make the deeds of non-Muslims fruitless and will bring destruction on them====
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{{Quote|{{Quran|4|145}}|Verily, the hypocrites shall be in the lowest depth of the fire, and thou wilt find none who could succour them.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|145}}|Verily, the hypocrites shall be in the lowest depth of the fire, and thou wilt find none who could succour them.}}
==See Also==
{{Hub4|Non-Muslims (Primary Sources)|Non-Muslims (Primary Sources)}}


[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Islamic Law]]
[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]]
[[Category:People of the Book]]
[[Category:People of the Book]]
[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]]
[[Category:Kafir (infidel)]]
[[ar:القرآن_والحديث_والعلماء:_غير_المسلمين]]
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