Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Peaceful Coexistence

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Peculiar Traditions

Before Muhammad had left Mecca he was militarily weak and consequently he commanded his followers not to fight or retaliate against their persecutors. These orders would later be abrogated by new commands that called for Muslims to defend themselves if they are attacked; new commands which themselves would later be abrogated by even newer commands that ordered Muslims to attack and subdue all non-Muslims (Kuffar).

Qur'an

It is not the duty of Muslims to make non-Muslims see that Islam is the true religion.

Indeed there have come to you clear proofs from your Lord; whoever will therefore see, it is for his own soul and whoever will be blind, it shall be against himself and I am not a keeper over you.

Allah calls all people to the abode of peace and will rewards those who answer.

And Allah invites to the abode of peace and guides whom He pleases into the right path.

For those who do good is good (reward) and more (than this); and blackness or ignominy shall not cover their faces; these are the dwellers of the garden; in it they shall abide.
Qur'an 10:25-26

"God's will and plan, in allowing limited free-will to man, is, not to force man's will, but to give all guidance, and leave alone those who reject that guidance, in case they should repent and come back into grace. But in all cases, in so far as we are given the choice, we shall be called to account for all our actions..."

If God so willed, He could make you all one people, but He leaves straying whom He pleases, and He guides whom He pleases, but ye shall certainly be called to account for all your actions.

Invite non-Muslims to Islam by preaching to them.

Invite (all) to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious: for thy Lord knoweth best, who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance.

And if ye do catch them out, catch them out no worse than they catch you out: But if ye show patience, that is indeed the best (course) for those who are patient.
Qur'an 16:125-126

Muhammad was not sent by Allah to dispose of the affairs of men.

It is your Lord that knoweth you best: If He please, He granteth you mercy, or if He please, punishment: We have not sent thee to be a disposer of their affairs for them.

Do not readily retaliate when attacked, since Allah will have the evil people destroy themselves.

Seest thou not that We have set the Evil Ones on against the unbelievers, to incite them with fury?

So make no haste against them, for We but count out to them a (limited) number (of days).
Qur'an 19:83-84

Be patient with the evil words that are said by people.

Had it not been for a Word that went forth before from thy Lord, (their punishment) must necessarily have come; but there is a Term appointed (for respite).

Therefore be patient with what they say, and celebrate (constantly) the praises of thy Lord, before the rising of the sun, and before its setting; yea, celebrate them for part of the hours of the night, and at the sides of the day: that thou mayest have (spiritual) joy.
Qur'an 20:129-130 , See also: Quran 38:15-17

Be patient and let the non-Muslims see that Islam is the true religion.

And if We had inflicted on them a penalty before this, they would have said: "Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent us a messenger, we should certainly have followed Thy Signs before we were humbled and put to shame."

Say: "Each one (of us) is waiting: wait ye, therefore, and soon shall ye know who it is that is on the straight and even way, and who it is that has received Guidance."
Qur'an 20:134-135

Allah has sent Muhammad only to warn non-Muslims.

Say: "O men! I am (sent) to you only to give a Clear Warning:
Say: "As to the knowledge of the time, it is with Allah alone: I am (sent) only to warn plainly in public."

Leave non-Muslims to their ignorance.

But leave them in their confused ignorance for a time.

It is best if you do not retaliate against your persecutors, but rather seek refuge in Allah.

Repel evil with that which is best: We are well acquainted with the things they say.


And say "O my Lord! I seek refuge with Thee from the suggestions of the Evil Ones.

Do not argue with innocent Christians and Jews, but rather emphasize your common monotheism.

And dispute ye not with the People of the Book, except with means better (than mere disputation), unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury): but say, "We believe in the revelation which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; Our Allah and your Allah is one; and it is to Him we bow (in Islam)."

Allah is with those who struggle for him.

And those who strive in Our (cause),- We will certainly guide them to our Paths: For verily Allah is with those who do right.

Turn away from those who reject Islam and say "Peace" to them.

(Allah has knowledge) of the (Prophet's) cry, "O my Lord! Truly these are people who will not believe!"

But turn away from them, and say "Peace!" But soon shall they know!
Qur'an 43:88-89

Do not retaliate against them, since Allah will eventually punish them.

So leave them alone until they encounter that Day of theirs, wherein they shall (perforce) swoon (with terror),-
The Day when their plotting will avail them nothing and no help shall be given them.
And verily, for those who do wrong, there is another punishment besides this: But most of them understand not.

Now await in patience the command of thy Lord: for verily thou art in Our eyes: and celebrate the praises of thy Lord the while thou standest forth,
Qur'an 52:45-48

Bear patiently with those who do not accept Islam.

And bear patiently what they say and avoid them with a becoming avoidance.

And leave Me and the rejecters, the possessors of ease and plenty, and respite them a little.
Qur'an 73:10-11

Be kind to the indigent, orphaned, and captives.

And they feed, for the love of Allah, the indigent, the orphan, and the captive,-

(Saying),"We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: no reward do we desire from you, nor thanks.
Qur'an 76:8-9

Non-Muslims shall have their religion and Muslims shall have their religion.

Say : O ye that reject Faith!
I worship not that which ye worship,
Nor will ye worship that which I worship.
And I will not worship that which ye have been wont to worship,
Nor will ye worship that which I worship.

To you be your Way, and to me mine.
Qur'an 109:1-6

See Also