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(→‎Allah knows children will become disbelievers: I have added a verse (and explanation) I believe shows predestination in Islam.)
 
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== Qur'an==
 
According to the doctrine of qadr قدر everything that will ever happen has been envisioned by Allah and "written" in his book. This includes the fate of individual people in heaven or in hell. The Qur'an is actually quite explicit that Allah guides those he favors to heaven and belief and those he despises to unbelief and hell. The fate of individuals, therefore, is ultimately not in their hands but in Allah's, whose hands are not "chained" or restricted in any way; thus anything that Allah wills will come to pass, and only he knows what this fate is.
 
==Qur'an==


===Everything Happens by the Will of Allah===
===Everything Happens by the Will of Allah===
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{{Quote|{{Quran|76|31}}|'''He will admit to His Mercy whom He will'''; But the wrong-doers,- for them has He prepared a grievous Penalty. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|76|31}}|'''He will admit to His Mercy whom He will'''; But the wrong-doers,- for them has He prepared a grievous Penalty. }}


===Allah Decides whether a Person Will Believe ===
===Allah Decides whether a Person Will Believe===


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|10|99|100}}|And '''if your Lord had pleased, surely all those who are in the earth would have believed, all of them'''; will you then force men till they become believers? And '''it is not for a soul to believe except by Allah’s permission'''; and He casts uncleanness on those who will not understand. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|10|99|100}}|And '''if your Lord had pleased, surely all those who are in the earth would have believed, all of them'''; will you then force men till they become believers? And '''it is not for a soul to believe except by Allah’s permission'''; and He casts uncleanness on those who will not understand. }}
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{{Quote|{{Quran-range|81|28|29}}|Unto whomsoever of you willeth to walk straight. '''And ye will not, unless (it be) that Allah willeth''', the Lord of Creation. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|81|28|29}}|Unto whomsoever of you willeth to walk straight. '''And ye will not, unless (it be) that Allah willeth''', the Lord of Creation. }}
=== Allah knows children will become disbelievers ===
In the story of Moses and Al-Khidr found in Surah Al-Kahf (Chapter 18, verses 60-82), Al-Khidhr (named as a servant of God who [Allah] taught special knowledge) murders a child, with the reason being given that he will cause hardship to his parents through disbelief, so that he may replace him with a more faithful one.
{{Quote|{{Quran|18|65-81}}|18:65 And they found a servant from among Our servants to whom we had given mercy from us and had taught him from Us a [certain] knowledge.
18:66 Moses said to him, “May I follow you on [the condition] that you teach me from what you have been taught of sound judgement?”
18:67 He said, “Indeed, with me you will never be able to have patience.
18:68 And how can you have patience for what you do not encompass in knowledge?”
18:69 [Moses] said, “You will find me, if Allah wills, patient, and I will not disobey you in [any] order.”
18:70 He said, “Then if you follow me, do not ask me about anything until I make to you about it mention.”
18:71 So they set out, until when they had embarked on the ship, al-Khidr tore it open. [Moses] said, “Have you torn it open to drown its people? You have certainly done a grave thing.”
18:72 [Al-Khidr] said, “Did I not say that with me you would never be able to have patience?”
18:73 [Moses] said, “Do not blame me for what I forgot and do not cover me in my matter with difficulty.”
<b>18:74 So they set out, until when they met a boy, al-Khidr killed him. [Moses] said, “Have you killed a pure soul for other than [having killed] a soul? You have certainly done a deplorable thing.”
18:75 [Al-Khidr] said, “Did I not tell you that with me you would never be able to have patience?”
18:76 [Moses] said, “If I should ask you about anything after this, then do not keep me as a companion. You have obtained from me an excuse.” </b>
18:77 So they set out, until when they came to the people of a town, they asked its people for food, but they refused to offer them hospitality. And they found therein a wall about to collapse, so al-Khidr restored it. [Moses] said, “If you wished, you could have taken for it a payment.”
18:78 [Al-Khidr] said, “This is parting between me and you. I will inform you of the interpretation of that about which you could not have patience.
18:79 As for the ship, it belonged to poor people working at sea. So I intended to cause defect in it as there was after them a king who seized every [good] ship by force.
<b> 18:80 And as for the boy, his parents were believers, and we feared that he would overburden them by transgression and disbelief.
18:81 So we intended that their Lord should substitute for them one better than him in purity and nearer to mercy. </b>}}
=== Abu Lahab and his wife were destined for hell ===
In this surah Allah knows Abu Lahab (allegedly a strong opponent of Muhammad) and his wife,<ref>[https://quranx.com/tafsirs/111.5 ''Tafsir Ibn Kathir on surah 111.''] Ibn Kathir d.1373</ref> will go to hell before they have died, making their actions beyond that point meaningless.
{{Quote|{{Quran|111|1-5}}|“Perished be the hands of Abu Lahab and ruined he be,
Neither his wealth nor what he has earned shall avail him.
He shall shortly roast in a flaming fire.
And his wife — laden with faggots, Shall have a rope of palm fiber round her neck.}}
This is also hard to square with the common notion that the Quran is eternal, as for this to make sense there would have always have had to have been an enemy of the prophet born at the same time with the same name, who's wife would also be an enemy, which makes one wonder how he could have been tested on Earth - though this would fit the Islamic concept of predestination/Qadar.<ref>''[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/34732/what-is-qadar-in-islam What Is Qadar in Islam?]'' Risalat Sharh Usul al-Iman by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymin. 2010. IslamQA.</ref> 
{{Quote|{{Quran|85|21-22}}|This is indeed the glorious Qur'an. in a preserved tablet}}
=== Allah knows people and jinn will disbelieve and go to hell ===
The second part of this verse confirms God is sure at least some people (and jinn) will be put into hell, and apparently therefore could not pass the 'test'. 
{{Quote|{{Quran|32|13}}|And if We had willed, We could have given every soul its guidance, but the word from Me will come into effect [that] "I will surely fill Hell with jinn and people all together.}}


==Hadith==
==Hadith==
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===Miscellaneous===
===Miscellaneous===


{{Quote|Tabari I:305|Then Allah rubbed Adam's back and brought forth his progeny. And every living being to be created by Allah to the Day of Resurrection came forth. He scattered them in front of him like tiny ants. '''He took two handfuls and said to those on the right, 'Enter Paradise! And He said to the others, 'Enter the Fire!''' I do not care.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=305}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=133-34}}
|Then Allah rubbed Adam's back and brought forth his progeny. And every living being to be created by Allah to the Day of Resurrection came forth. He scattered them in front of him like tiny ants. '''He took two handfuls and said to those on the right, 'Enter Paradise! And He said to the others, 'Enter the Fire!''' I do not care.}}
 
{{Quote|
{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=395}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.2 |page=111}}|No soul can die but by Allah's permission in a term that is written.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:395|No soul can die but by Allah's permission in a term that is written.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=201-202}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1|page=34}}


{{Quote|Tabari I:202|There are '''people who consider predestination untrue'''. Then they '''consider the Qur'an untrue'''.... People merely carry out what is a foregone conclusion, decided by predestination and written down by the Pen.}}
|There are people who consider From the Creation to the Flood predestination untrue? He said: (Then), they consider the Book of God untrue! I shall seize one of them by the hair and shake him up. God was on His Throne before He created anything. The first (thing) created by God was the Pen. It proceeded to (write) whatever is going to be to the Day of Resurrection . People will proceed merely in accordance with what is a foregone conclusion (decided by predestination and written down by the Pen). }}


{{Quote|Tabari I:306|The Messenger said, "Allah created Adam and then rubbed Adam's back with his right hand and brought forth his progeny. Then He said, ''''I have created these as the inhabitants of Paradise'''.' Then he rubbed his back with His left hand and said, ''''I have created those for the Fire, and they will act as the inhabitants of the Fire'''.' A man asked, 'O Messenger, how is that?' Muhammad replied, 'When Allah creates a human being for Paradise, He employs him to act as the inhabitants of Paradise, and he will enter Paradise. And when Allah creates a human being for the Fire, He will employ him to act as the inhabitants of the Fire, and will thus make him enter the Fire.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=306}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=135}}|Then He said: I have created these for Paradise, and they will act as the inhabitants of Paradise. Then He rubbed his back with His left hand and said: I have created those for the Fire, and they will
act as the inhabitants of the Fire. A man asked: O Messenger of God, how is that? Muhammad replied: When God creates a human being for Paradise, He employs him to act as the inhabitants of Paradise, and he will enter Paradise. And when God creates a
human being for the Fire, He will employ him to act as the inhabitants of the Fire, and will thus make him enter the Fire.}}


==Scholars==
==Scholars==
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{{Hub4|Predestination|Predestination}}
{{Hub4|Predestination|Predestination}}
[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:QHS]]
[[Category:Hell]]
[[Category:Heaven]]
[[Category:Heaven]]
[[Category:Qadr (fate)]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hlp2rajAgzw Hassan Radwan - Khidr & Killing of the Boy] - ''YouTube Video''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCYNaL4u_C4 Hassan Radwan - "I'll surely fill Hell with Jinn & People"] - ''YouTube Video''
[[ar:القرآن_والحديث_والعلماء:_القدر]]
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