View source for Land to water ratio miracle in the Qur'an

According to some apologists, the Qur'an describes the ratio of land to water on Earth. That is approximately 70.8% water and 29.2% land <ref>http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html</ref>. This ratio isn't stated anywhere in the Qur'an, but according to apologists, the ratio is supposed to be hidden in a ratio of word counts.

The counted words are ''al-barr'' (ٱلْبَرّ) for "land" and ''al-bahr'' (ٱلْبَحْرِ) for "water", but the word ''al-bahr'' actually means "the sea".

==''Al-Barr'' - land==
The trilateral root of the word بَرّ (barr) is برر (b-r-r). From this root we can derive many words. Besides "land", there is the meaning of "righteousness" and "kindness". ''Al-Barr'' (The Most Kind) is one of [[the names of Allah]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam</ref>. The word ''barr'' consists of only two letters ب (b) and ر (''r''), but there is a ''shadda'' sign above the ر, which makes it double length in pronunciation (رّ - ''rr''). Above the ب is a ''fatha'' sign which determines the ''b'''a'''rr'' vowel (بَ).

This is the list of all the occurrences of words with the root برر in the Qur'an:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
!Count
!Verse
!Word in Arabic
!Transliteration
!Translation
|-
|1||2:44||بِٱلْبِرِّ||''bi-al-birri''||in righteousness
|-
|2||2:177||ٱلْبِرَّ||''al-birra''||the righteousness
|-
|3||2:177||ٱلْبِرَّ||''al-birra''||the righteous
|-
|4||2:189||ٱلْبِرُّ||''al-birru''||the righteousness
|-
|5||2:189||ٱلْبِرَّ||''al-birra''||the righteous
|-
|6||2:224||تَبَرُّوا۟||''tabarroo''||you do good
|-
|7||3:92||ٱلْبِرَّ||''al-birra''||the righteousness
|-
|8||3:193||ٱلْأَبْرَارِ||''al-abrari''||the righteous
|-
|9||3:198||لِّلْأَبْرَارِ||''lil-abrari''||for the righteous
|-
|10||5:2||ٱلْبِرِّ||''al-birri''||the righteousness
|-
|11||5:96||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 1'''
|-
|12||6:59||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 2'''
|-
|13||6:63||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 3'''
|-
|14||6:97||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 4'''
|-
|15||10:22||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 5'''
|-
|16||17:67||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 6'''
|-
|17||17:68||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 7'''
|-
|18||17:70||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 8'''
|-
|19||19:14||وَبَرًّا||''wa-barran''||and dutiful
|-
|20||19:32||وَبَرًّا||''wa-barran''||and dutiful
|-
|21||27:63||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 9'''
|-
|22||29:65||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 10'''
|-
|23||30:41||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 11'''
|-
|24||31:32||ٱلْبَرِّ||''al-barri''||'''the land 12'''
|-
|25||52:28||ٱلْبَرُّ||''al-barru''||the Most Kind
|-
|26||58:9||بِٱلْبِرِّ||''bil-birri''||for righteousness
|-
|27||60:8||تَبَرُّوهُمْ||''tabarroo-hum''||you deal kindly
|-
|28||76:5||ٱلْأَبْرَارَ||''al-abrara''||the righteous
|-
|29||80:16||بَرَرَةٍ||''bararatin''||dutiful
|-
|30||82:13||ٱلْأَبْرَارَ||''al-abrara''||the righteous
|-
|31||83:18||ٱلْأَبْرَارِ||''al-abrari''||the righteous
|-
|32||83:22||ٱلْأَبْرَارَ||''al-abrara''||the righteous
|}
The ''-i'' ending in ''al-barri'' means that the word is in the genitive case.

There is no question about this word count. There are clearly '''12 occurrences''' of this word. They are all exactly the same forms. There are no prefixes, no plural and dual forms, no differences in diacritics, like in word counts for other words. And all other words from the same root have a totally different meaning. Rarely the word count is so clear.

===Apologist mental gymnastics===
Some apologists also count the word "creature" (ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''al-bariyyati'') <ref>http://www.answering-christianity.com/land_sea_ratio_miracle.htm</ref> in these two verses:
* 1) The hateful verse 98:6 which says that christians and jews are '''the worst of creatures''' (شَرُّ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''sharru albariyyati''):
** Dr. Ghali translation: "''Surely (the ones) who have disbelieved among the population of the Book (Or: family of the Book; i.e., the Jews and Christians) and the associators (Those who associate others with Allah) will be in the Fire of Hell, eternally (abiding) therein; those are they who are '''the most evil beings''' (Literally: '''Initiated creatures''').''"
*** Here Dr. Ghali tries to make the verse less hateful by translating شَرُّ (''sharru'') as "initiated" and not "worst", although the word ''sharr'' is used in the Qur'an only in the sense of "evil".
** Muhsin Khan translation: "''Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the Quran and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
** Pickthall translation: "''Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of '''created beings'''.''"
** Shakir translation: "''Surely those who disbelieve from among the followers of the Book and the polytheists shall be in the fire of hell, abiding therein; they are '''the worst of men'''.''"
** Yusuf Ali translation: "''Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye). They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
* 2) The arrogant verse 98:7 which basically claims that those who believe in Muhammad (not christians and jews) are the "best beings" (خَيْرُ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''khayru albariyyati''):
** Sahih international translation: "''Indeed, they who have believed and done righteous deeds - those are '''the best of creatures'''.''"
** The other translations also translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "creatures".

Now the question is, why apologists count the word "creature" as the word "land"? 
Well, they translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "land-creatures", although as we've seen, all the major translations translated it simply as "creatures". Apologists try to make it seem that the word ''al-bariyyati'' is derived from the same root برر (b-r-r) as the word ''al-barr'' (land) and therefore their meanings are somehow connected. And this is not the case. The word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') doesn't have the double ''r'' for a reason. It is derived from a completely different root برا (b-r-a)! These words are not connected in meaning. ''al-bariyyati'' has nothing to do with land. Also when we consider the verse 98:6 to mean "christians and jews are the words of land-creatures" and the verse 98:7 to mean "muslims are the best of creatures", then does it mean that in the sea, there are sea-creatures worse than christians and better than muslims?

Also it is worth to mention that even when they do count these occurrences, they still fail to get the ratio 29% land, 71% water!

==''Al-Bahr'' - sea (not water)==
The root for the word ٱلْبَحْر (''al-bahr'') is simply بحر (b-h-r). The words land (''barr'') and sea (''bahr'') often appear together in a verse.

A list of all occurrences of words with the root بحر in the Qur'an:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
!Count
!Verse
!Word in Arabic
!Transliteration
!Translation
!Number
|-
|1||2:50||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 1
|-
|2||2:164||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 2
|-
|3||5:96||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 3
|-
|4||5:103||بَحِيرَةٍ||''baheeratin''||Bahirah *||singular 4
|-
|5||6:59||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 5
|-
|6||6:63||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri'||and the sea||singular 6
|-
|7||6:97||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 7
|-
|8||7:138||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 8
|-
|9||7:163||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 9
|-
|10||10:22||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 10
|-
|11||10:90||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 11
|-
|12||14:32||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 12
|-
|13||16:14||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 13
|-
|14||17:66||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 14
|-
|15||17:67||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 15
|-
|16||17:70||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 16
|-
|17||18:60||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 1
|-
|18||18:61||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 17
|-
|19||18:63||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 18
|-
|20||18:79||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 19
|-
|21||18:109||ٱلْبَحْرُ||''al-bahru''||the sea||singular 20
|-
|22||18:109||ٱلْبَحْرُ||''al-bahru''||the sea||singular 21
|-
|23||20:77||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 22
|-
|24||22:65||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 23
|-
|25||24:40||بَحْرٍ||''bahrin''||a sea||singular 24
|-
|26||25:53||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 2
|-
|27||26:63||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 25
|-
|28||27:61||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''albahrayni''||the two seas||dual 3
|-
|29||27:63||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 26
|-
|30||30:41||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 27
|-
|31||31:27||وَٱلْبَحْرُ||''wal-bahru''||and the sea||singular 28
|-
|32||31:27||أَبْحُرٍ||''abhurin''||[seven] seas||plural 1
|-
|33||31:31||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 29
|-
|34||35:12||ٱلْبَحْرَانِ||''al-bahrani''||the two seas||dual 4
|-
|35||42:32||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 30
|-
|36||44:24||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 31
|-
|37||45:12||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 32
|-
|38||52:6||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea''||singular 33
|-
|39||55:19||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 5
|-
|40||55:24||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 34
|-
|41||81:6||ٱلْبِحَارُ||''al-biharu''||the seas||plural 2
|-
|42||82:3||ٱلْبِحَارُ||''al-biharu''||the seas||plural 3
|}
* In the verse 5:103, ''Bahira'' is a name for a she-camel. <ref>Muhsin Khan provides an explanation in his translation of this verse (5:103), "''Allah has not instituted things like '''Bahirah''' (a she-camel whose milk was spared for the idols and nobody was allowed to milk it) or a Sa'ibah (a she-camel let loose for free pasture for their false gods, e.g. idols, etc., and nothing was allowed to be carried on it), or a Wasilah (a she-camel set free for idols because it has given birth to a she-camel at its first delivery and then again gives birth to a she-camel at its second delivery) or a Ham (a stallion-camel freed from work for their idols, after it had finished a number of copulations assigned for it, all these animals were liberated in honour of idols as practised by pagan Arabs in the pre-Islamic period). But those who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of them have no understanding.''"</ref>

We have 34 singular forms of words from the root بحر. One occurrence is a name ''Bahira'', but the other 33 occurrences mean "the sea". The ''-i'', ''-u'' and ''-a'' endings in the transliteration just determine the case:
* ''-u'' nominative
* ''-i'' genitive
* ''-a'' accusative

This word count is questionable, because there are dual and plural forms. Should the dual be counted as 2? The most reasonable way of counting is probably counting only the singular forms of the word "sea", that is '''33 occurrences'''.

The "land":"sea" word count ratio is 12:33. And 12+33=45. The first question is why is it not 100? Why is it not already in percentage? Wouldn't it seem to be less of a coincidence if there was 71 occurrences of "water" and 29 occurrences of "land"?

Let's do some math and convert the ratio to percentage to see whether we get the desired 29% land and 71% water percentages:
* 12/45 = 0.2667 that means approximately 27% land
* 33/45 = 0.7333 that means approximately 73% water

Well, as it turns out, there is no miracle at all. Not even a coincidence! 27:73 is the word count ratio and 29:71 is the actual land to water ratio. They are clearly not the same.

But we found 41 occurrences of the word "sea" in all its forms. So let's give it another chance with the number 41. And 12 + 41 = 53.
* 12 / 53 = 0.2264 that means approximately 23% land
* 41 / 53 = 0.7736 that means approximately 77% water

Again, 23:77 is not 29:71.

The only match is that there is more of the words "sea" than "land", just like there is more '''water''' than land on earth. Which is not very miraculous, because people live on land, so it is more probable that they will write more about the land, than about the sea. And this coincidence occurs probably in most books.

==Conclusions==
* The water to land ratio is not stated in any verse of the Qur'an. So the claim that the Qur'an describes the ratio is a lie.
** How did Muhammad's companions figure out this information about the land to water ratio? If they counted various ratios of word counts, how did they recognize which word count ratio has a significance? And how did they know which counting method to choose, when they didn't know (no modern scientist told them) which number they want to get?
*** The Qur'an needs science, so that people can figure out (after science already told it to them) the ratio from word counts. However science does not need the Qur'an at all to describe the ratio and provides actual evidence. So which one is more valuable?
* Ratio of word counts does not imply the ratio of occurrences of the meanings of the words in the world. This is ridiculous and not scientific in any way.
** Also the word ''al-bahr'' means "sea" and not water. So it should not include rivers. And the Qur'an talks about rivers (أَنْهَٰرٌ, ''al-anharun'') a lot.
** What other ratios are described this way? Is the moon / earth mass ratio described by the word counts for moon and earth?
* There are floods, icebergs melting.. the ratio of land to water is always changing. But the ratio of the word counts will never change. So even if the Qur'an described the ratio and it was 100% accurate, then it was wrong somewhere in history and will be wrong in the future. Shouldn't the Qur'an rather describe physical or mathematical facts, that are not changing with time? And preferably describe them in a verse and not in word counts, so that we know this is not a coincidence?

==References==