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The ''' | The '''sahabah''' (الصحابة; lit. "companions"; sing. ''sahabi'') were the companions of Prophet [[Muhammad]]. According to tradition, an individual must have: seen Muhammad, believed in his prophethood, and died as a believer in order to be considered a sahabi or companion of the Muhammad (and thereby attain the concomitant theological status).<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=E.J. Brill|volume=8 NED-SAM|editor1=C.E. Bosworth|editor2=E. van Donzel|editor3=W.P. Heinrichs|editor4=G. Lecomte|edition=New Edition [2nd]|location=Leiden|chapter=Sahaba|pages=827-829|publication-date=1995|isbn=90 04 09834 8}}</ref><ref name="Haddad">Sh. G. F. Haddad - [http://www.livingislam.org/n/shb_e.html Sahaba] - LivingIslam, January 7, 2009</ref> These would exclude, for example, Ubayd-Allah b. Jahsh (brother of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammads Wives and Concubines#Zainab_bint_Jash|Zainab b. Jash]], the cousin and wife of Muhammad),<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:72; {{Tabari|8|p. 4}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 180}}; cf Guillaume/Ishaq 3; Maududi (1967), Tafhimul Quran, Chapter Al Ahzab</ref> who was considered one of the sahabah but later converted to Christianity.<ref>Alfred Guillaume - [http://www.amazon.com/Life-Muhammad-Translation-Ishaqs-Sirat/dp/019636034X The Life of Muhammad] - Oxford University Press, 1955, reprinted in 2003. ISBN 0-19-636033-1</ref> Those that saw Muhammad but held off believing in him until after [[Muhammad's Death|his death]] are not considered Sahabah but rather [[Tabi'un|tabi'un (sucessors)]].<ref name="Haddad"></ref> In hadith attributed to Muhammad, he says that the sahabah are among the [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Theology#The_First_3_Generations_of_Muslims_are_the_Best_Muslims|best generation of Muslims]] on Earth, along with the [[Tabi'un|tabi‘un]] and the tabu' al-tabi'een (successors of the successors). These three generations (sahaba, tabi'un, and tabu' al-tabi'een are said to comprise the [[Salaf al-Salih (Pious Predecessors)|''salaf al-salah'', or "pious predecessors"]]. | ||
Upon hearing or saying the name of a companion of Muhammad, Muslims are obliged to say ''radi Allahu anhu'' (lit. "Allah is pleased with him") - a practice inspired by a verse in the Qur'an.<ref>{{Quran|9|100}}</ref> | |||
== Descriptions in scripture == | |||
=== Sahaba in the Hadith === | |||
=== Sahaba in the Qur'an === | |||
== Groups among the sahaba == | |||
=== ''al-Muhajirun'' (The Immigrants) === | |||
=== ''al-Ansar'' (The Helpers) === | |||
=== ''al-Badriyyun'' (Those of Badr) === | |||
=== ''al-Ashara al-Mubashara'' (The Ten of Glad Tidings) === | |||
== Theological status == | |||
=== Sunnism === | |||
==== Qawl al-sahabi (saying of a companion) ==== | |||
=== Shi'ism === | |||
== Requirements == | |||
== Prominent companions == | |||
=== Later successors to Muhammad === | |||
==== Abu Bakr Abdullah b. Uthman ==== | |||
==== Umar b. al-Khattab ==== | |||
==== Uthman b. Affan ==== | |||
==== Ali b. Abi Talib ==== | |||
=== Wives of Muhammad === | |||
==== Aisha ==== | |||
==== Khadijah b. Khuwaylid ==== | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
Revision as of 19:39, 8 January 2021
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The sahabah (الصحابة; lit. "companions"; sing. sahabi) were the companions of Prophet Muhammad. According to tradition, an individual must have: seen Muhammad, believed in his prophethood, and died as a believer in order to be considered a sahabi or companion of the Muhammad (and thereby attain the concomitant theological status).[1][2] These would exclude, for example, Ubayd-Allah b. Jahsh (brother of Zainab b. Jash, the cousin and wife of Muhammad),[3] who was considered one of the sahabah but later converted to Christianity.[4] Those that saw Muhammad but held off believing in him until after his death are not considered Sahabah but rather tabi'un (sucessors).[2] In hadith attributed to Muhammad, he says that the sahabah are among the best generation of Muslims on Earth, along with the tabi‘un and the tabu' al-tabi'een (successors of the successors). These three generations (sahaba, tabi'un, and tabu' al-tabi'een are said to comprise the salaf al-salah, or "pious predecessors".
Upon hearing or saying the name of a companion of Muhammad, Muslims are obliged to say radi Allahu anhu (lit. "Allah is pleased with him") - a practice inspired by a verse in the Qur'an.[5]
Descriptions in scripture
Sahaba in the Hadith
Sahaba in the Qur'an
Groups among the sahaba
al-Muhajirun (The Immigrants)
al-Ansar (The Helpers)
al-Badriyyun (Those of Badr)
al-Ashara al-Mubashara (The Ten of Glad Tidings)
Theological status
Sunnism
Qawl al-sahabi (saying of a companion)
Shi'ism
Requirements
Prominent companions
Later successors to Muhammad
Abu Bakr Abdullah b. Uthman
Umar b. al-Khattab
Uthman b. Affan
Ali b. Abi Talib
Wives of Muhammad
Aisha
Khadijah b. Khuwaylid
See Also
- Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia
- Salaf - A hub page that leads to other articles related to the Salaf
References
- ↑ C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs et al., eds, (1995), "Sahaba", Encyclopaedia of Islam, 8 NED-SAM (New Edition [2nd] ed.), Leiden: E.J. Brill, pp. 827-829, ISBN 90 04 09834 8, 1995
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sh. G. F. Haddad - Sahaba - LivingIslam, January 7, 2009
- ↑ Bewley/Saad 8:72; Al-Tabari, Vol. 8, p. 4; Al-Tabari, Vol. 39, p. 180; cf Guillaume/Ishaq 3; Maududi (1967), Tafhimul Quran, Chapter Al Ahzab
- ↑ Alfred Guillaume - The Life of Muhammad - Oxford University Press, 1955, reprinted in 2003. ISBN 0-19-636033-1
- ↑ Quran 9:100