WikiIslam:Sandbox/72 Vírgenes: Difference between revisions

Este artículo discute lo que el Corán, hadith y las escuelas islámicas dicen sobre las 72 vírgenes, y disipa la confusión popular que le rodea.

Paraíso Sensual

En el islam, el concepto de 72 vírgenes (houri) se refiere a un aspecto del Jannah (Paraíso). Este concepto está fundamentado en el texto Coránico que describe un Paraíso sensual donde los hombres creyentes son recompensados siendo casados^[1] con vírgenes de pechos "completamente desarrollados", "abultados" o "con forma de pera".^[2][3] A la inversa, las mujeres serán proveídas de un solo hombre, y "estarán satisfechas con él".^[4]

Las principales corrientes de eruditos islámicos, por ejemplo Gibril Haddad, han comentado sobre la naturaleza erótica del Paraíso Coránico que algunos hombres pueden necesitar ghusl (ablución requerida después de la descarga sexual) solo al escuchar ciertos versos.^[5]

Los teólogos musulmanes ortodoxos como al-Ghazali (murió el 1111 dC) y al-Ash'ari (murió el 935 dC) han analizado los placeres sensuales encontrados en el Paraíso, contando el hadith que describe el Paraíso como un mercado de de esclavos donde "no habrá compra ni venta, pero... Si cualquier hombre desea tener relaciones sexuales con una mujer, lo hará a la primera".^[6][7]

Esto es citado por el Tafsir Ibn Kathir en su Cometario Coránico ^[8] , y descrito explícitamente por el comentador y erudito del Corán, al-Suyuti (fallecido en 1505), quien, haciéndose eco de un hadith hasan^[9] de Ibn Majah,^[10] escribió que "las vírgenes perpetuas tendrán "vaginas apetecibles", y que lo penes de los Elegidos nunca se ablandan. La erección es eterna".^[11]

Los placeres sexuales entre creyentes y houris en el Paraíso también son confirmados por las dos colecciones Sahih de hadiths, denominadas Sahih Bukhari^[12] y Sahih Muslim, donde leemos que habrá vírgenes tan bellas, puras y transparentes que "el tuétano de los huesos de sus piernas será visto a través de las huesos y la carne",^[13] y que "los creyentes las visitarán y disfrutarán".^[14]

Descripciones

Se pueden encontrar varias descripciones relacionadas con las houri en varias referencias islámicas. Algunas incluyen:

Atributos Físicos:

• Ojos amplios y bellos/encantadores ^[15][16][17]
• Como perlas ^[18]
• Sin pelo excepto las cejas y la cabeza ^[19]

• Bellas^[13]
• De piel blanca ^[22]
• con 60 codos [27.5 metros] de altura^[23][22]
• de 7 codos[3.2 metros] de ancho ^[22]
• Transparentes hasta el tuétano de sus huesos ^[21][13]
• Eternamente jóvenes ^[19]
• Acompañantes de misma edad ^[20][24]

Atributos Sexuales:

• Puras / con el himen intacto por no haber tenido relaciones sexuales^[25][26]
• Vírgenes^[27]
• Voluptuosas/de grandes pechos ^[20]
• Con grandes y redondos pechos que no serán proclives a colgar ^[21][3]
• Vaginas apetecibles ^[11]

Atributos de su Personalidad:

• Castas^[15]
• Restringiendo sus miradas ^[15][25]
• Mirada modesta ^[28]

Otros Atributos:

• Espléndidas^[29]
• Puras^[13]
• No menstrúan / no orinan/ no defecan y no pueden tener hijos ^[21][30]
• Nunca insatisfechas ^[30]
• Cantarán alabanzas ^[7]
  
  

Autenticidad

Mientras que hay numerosas fuentes, incluidas el Corán, que nos dicen que los varones creyentes serán recompensados con vírgenes, muchos que están preocupados sobre el concepto de autenticidad de las 72 vírgenes están bajo la idea equivocada de que sólo hay una débil referencia (da`if) al número exacto de houris que se les dan. Estas narraciones se encuentran de hecho en muchas colecciones de hadiths con varios niveles de autenticidad, yendo desde lo hasan (bueno) hasta lo sahih (auténtico).

Por ejemplo, en el Sunan Ibn Majah, uno de las seis mayores colecciones de hadiths, ^[31] se establece en una narración hasan (buena) ^[9] que a todo hombre admitido en el Paraíso le será dado la erección eterna y casamiento con 72 esposas, todas con órganos sexuales libidinosos.^[10]...

Similarly in another hadith with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it states that the martyr (shahid) will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn.^[32][33]

In the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major Hadith collections,^[31] it states that the smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode with seventy-two houri.^[34] Note that this is not a "weak Hadith that has no Sanad (chain of narrators)", as some have claimed.^[35] It has been graded hasan sahih gharib,^[9] meaning this hadith is hasan since it has several chains of transmitters, it is sahih as the chains are all authentic and it is gharib in the words that Imam Tirmidhi narrated.^[36]

Also reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and declared sahih (authentic)^[9] by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim is the hadith that states the servant in Paradise will be married with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.^[37]

Orthodox Muslim theologians have related further hadith that give us the exact number of 72, such as al-Ghazali who wrote, "[The Prophet said] the lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives."^[38]

¿Vírgenes o pasas?

This false myth of "white raisins" originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern author writing under a pseudonym.^[39] His anti-Islamic claim,^[40] which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",^[41] is that the Qur'an was drawn from Christian Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8^th century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,^[42] and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been mistranslated by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).^[43]

The Corán describes the physical characteristics of the houri in many places, and a reading of relevant verses show that Luxenberg's theory regarding heavenly white raisins is in error.

Raisins, which are dried grapes, cannot have large eyes,^[17] big breasts,^[20] cannot restrain their glances,^[25] cannot be described as chaste,^[25] or have any of the characteristics listed above. The Corán further states that men will be wed to these houri.^[1] Men cannot be married to raisins or white grapes.

Additionally, for someone to accept this "72 raisins" theory, they would also have to accept that the Corán was not written byAllah or revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in Arabic during the 7^th century, but was in fact written by Christian evangelists in Syro-Aramaic during the 8^th century.

Terrorismo

Suicide is clearly forbidden in Islam, but the permissibility of martyrdom operations (Istishhad) is an altogether different topic, with scholars being split on the issue.

Notable scholars and apologists such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,^[44] and Dr. Zakir Naik, known for his advocacy of "Qur'anic science", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.^[45][46][47] Opinion polls have further shown that an extremely large number of Muslims from around the world support the practice.^{[44][48][49][50]}

The Corán states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.^[27] However, the Corán does also mention that those who fight in the way of Allah (jihad) and get killed will be given a "great reward",^[51] and there are also hasan (good) hadith^[33] which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.^[32] This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice other Muslims into carrying out "martyrdom operations" for Islam.

This is witnessed in Palestine, where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",^[52] and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and music videos, both airing on official television.^[53][54] It has even been used in the United Kingdom, where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in paradise if they died as religious martyrs.^[55]

Contrary to what the Corán, hadith, scholars and Muslims themselves say, a western author named Margaret Nydell in a book that "promotes understanding between modern-day Arabs and Westerners", states that mainstream Muslims regard the belief of 72 virgins in the same way that mainstream Christians regard the belief that after death they will be issued with wings and a harp, and walk on clouds.^[56]

The Bible (and more specifically Jesus in the four Gospels) does not discuss the issue of wings and a harp being provided for Christians upon their arrival in Heaven. However, both the Corán and Muhammad in the hadith literature do discuss the issue of virgins being provided for Muslim men upon their arrival in Paradise. So the claim made by Margaret Nydell, equating the belief in receiving heavenly virgins to that of believing in receiving heavenly wings and harps, is inaccurate and misleading.

Conclusión

El paraíso Coránico is sensual in nature,^[5] promising Muslim men voluptuous^[20]virgins^[27] but does not specify their exact number. This cannot possibly be a mistranslation because raisins do not have large eyes^[17] or cannot be wed to men.^[1]

The hadith literature compliment the Qur'anic text by specifying the exact number of virgins as 72 and providing us with detailed descriptions of their characteristics. These narrations are not weak but vary in strength from good to authentic.^[9][33][57]

We are also given details on the physical attributes given to men to sustain 72 virgins, namely, ever-erect penises that never soften^[10][11] and the sexual strength to satisfy 100.^[37][58][59]

Although it does say they will receive a "great reward",^[51] and there are also hasan hadith^[33] which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr,^[32] the Corán does not specify these virgins are a reward for jihadists/martyrs, but rather for any Muslim male who gains admittance to Paradise.^[27]

Citas seleccionadas

Respuestas a apologistas

1. "The Qur'an doesn't talk about 72 virgins, only the hadiths"
   Even though the Qur'an does not mention the number of virgins, it does say in verse 56:36^[27] that Muslim men will be awarded with virgins in Paradise. The Qur'an describes their physical attributes, for example they will have large eyes (56:22) and big breasts (78:33)^[20] and so on. The actual number of houri is thus a minor issue and 72 is the number of those houris confirmed in multiple hadith. The hadiths are acrucial part of Islam and certain Muslims ignore them because sometimes they contain uncomfortable details about Islam. There are many hadiths and Qur'anic verses which talk about various issues of a sexual nature. According to Sahih Bukhari 1:5:268 which belongs to the most authentic collection of hadiths, Muhammad himself was given the sexual strength of 30 men and so on.
2. "The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu (fabricated)"
   This is not true. The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).^[9] Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. We have quoted narrations here that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic), and there are many others.
3. "Obviously this hadith has been made up, is unreliable and/or is a lie"
   See answers to #1 and 2 above.
4. "The Qur'an doesn't talk about the number of virgins being seventy two"
   See answer to #1 above.
5. "It is talking about (white) raisins, not virgins"
   This is a myth originating from Christoph Luxenberg, a recent author with a pseudonym who has no known qualifications or authority on Islamic issues, and has been shown to be in error for various reasons.
6. "Islam prohibits suicide"
   Yes, hadith do exist that prohibit suicide (Suicide bombing however is a separate issue) but this has nothing to do with the fact that Islam promises women in Paradise as a reward for the "righteous" (i.e. Muslims).
7. "If the seventy two virgins thing was something big in Islam it would be talked about more frequently."
   Women in Islamic heaven as a reward are talked about frequently in the Qur'an as evidenced by the various places in the Qur'an where their characteristics are talked about. Also if the Qur'an talks about a certain issue only once, it cannot be taken lightly in any way as every word and sentence in the Qur'an is important and holy to Muslims.
8. "The houri are for both men and women"
   The Qur'an explicitly talks about female virgins with large eyes as rewards for men. On the contrary there is not a single "women will get guys as a reward" verse. Some gender neutral verses do exist but they talk about general rewards only (such as "companionship" etc). Also, according to Shaykh ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Jibreen, who was a leading cleric and a member of the Senior Clerics Association, "This number is only for men. A woman will have only one husband in Paradise, and she will be satisfied with him and will not need any more than that."^[4]
9. "The houri are only servants and not for sexual purposes"
   If that was true, Qur'an 56:36^[27] wouldn't say they are virgins and it wouldn't mention they have big breasts. In addition, while the Qur'an does not explicitly say they're for sexual purposes, other Islamic sources mention that. One hadith says "The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the Elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.^[58][59]

Véase también

• Virgins - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Virgins
• Numbers of Islam - other number-related facts about Islam

Translations

• A version of this page is also available in the following languages: Azerbaijani, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Turkish, Italian. For additional languages, see the sidebar on the left.

Enlaces externos

Artículos

• '72 Black Eyed Virgins': A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs - (archived), http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm 
• Does the Koran really promise Islamic martyrs 72 virgins? - (archived), http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins 
• Have You Been Invited to Allah’s Brothel? - (archived), http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm 
• Muslim Mastectomy or The Miracle of Disappearing Breasts - (archived), http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html 

Vídeos

• Saudi Cleric Extols the Virtues of Allah's Virgins in Paradise, "They are White Women who are Menstruation-Free, Free of Feces, Urine, Phlegm" - (archived), http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html 
• 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon
• ABC's Islam Deception--Part One: Raisins or Virgins in Paradise?
• Dark eyed virgins greet Muslim Martyrs in Paradise

Enlaces musulmanes

• Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth - (archived), http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/  (see Responsesection above)

Humor

Videos:

• Atheist Comedian 72 Virgins in Heaven (5:32)
• Family guy - 72 Virgins (0:25)

Pictures: much to their surprise...

Referencias