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Quran's describes mountains as 'pegs' that have been 'cast down' into the Earth's surface in order to 'stabilize' it.  
This article analyses the claim that Quran told that universe has been constantly expanding, and it is [[Islam and Science|scientifically]] accurate, and thus it is is Quranic miracle.


In recent times, many Islam apologists have argued that this conception is both scientifically sound and and instance of [[Scientific Miracles in the Quran|miraculous scientific foreknowledge]] on the part of the Quran which, they argue, could not have arrived at the conception it holds without divine insight. Individuals key to the popularization of this idea include the [[Apologists|apologists]] like [[Zakir Naik]], Professor Zaghloul Raghib El Naggar (a geologist specializing in biostratification), and the Saudi-financed surgeon [[Bucailleism|Dr. Maurice Bucaille]].
== Apologetic Claim ==
Apologists present the following verse
{{Quote|[https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/51/47/default.htm Quran 51:47]|وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُون


While critics claim that:
'''Muhammad Assad:''' AND IT IS We who have built the universe with [Our creative] power; and, verily, it is We who are steadily expanding it.


*It was an old concept that mountains are pegs who stabilise the earth. This concept was based upon the apparent shape of the mountain.
'''Dr. Mohammad Tahir-ul-Qadri:''' And We built the heavenly universe with great might. And surely, We are expanding (this universe) more and more}}
*The writer of Qur'an only restated this old concept in Quran, thus it could be in no way a miracle of Qur'an.
[[Zakir Naik]] writes regarding this verse:
*And the writer of Qur'an made other scientific mistakes while describing the creation of mountains in Qur'an and Hadith.
{{Quote|[http://web.archive.org/save/https://sunnahonline.com/ilm/quran/qms.pdf The Quran and Modern Science by Zakir Naik]|The Arabic word mûsi‘ûn is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the
20th century.” The Qur’aan mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to build a telescope!}}


==Qur'anic verses for mountains being pegs and stabilising the earth==
== Criticism ==
{{Quote|{{Quran|78|6-7}}|أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ مِهَادًا وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًا </br>'''Yusuf Ali:''' Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, '''And the mountains as pegs'''? }}{{Quote|{{Qtt|21|31}}| وجعلنا في الأرض رواسي أن تميد بهم</br>
Critics point out that:
'''Bewley:''' We placed firmly embedded mountains on the Earth so it would not move under them... }}Also see verses [https://quranx.com/15.19 15:19] and [https://quranx.com/16.15 16:15].


==The idea of Mountains being Pegs had already existed before Muhammad==
* This translation of verse 51:47 is not correct.
Mountains appear to be pegs upon huge huge earth. Therefore, this idea of mountains being pegs even existed among the Arabs before Muhammad. For example, Ka’ab was one of the ancestor of Muhammad. This Ka’ab also declared mountains to be pegs long before Muhammad.
* Only modern apologists started doing this translation, otherwise no earlier translator did this translation.
* And none of the Qur'an Mufassirin (i.e. Quran interpreters) of last fourteen centuries ever come to this conclusion from this verse.  


{{Quote|[http://web.archive.org/web/20170921141119/http://islamport.com/d/3/tkh/1/78/1963.html History of Ya'qubi]|فأما كعب بن لؤي، فكان أعظم ولد أبيه قدرا، وأعظمهم شرفا، وكان أول من سمي يوم الجمعة بالجمعة، وكانت العرب تسميه عروبة، فجمعهم فيه، وكان يخطب عليهم، فيقول: اسمعوا، وتعلموا، وافهموا، واعلموا أن الليل ساج، والنهار ضاح، والأرض مهاد، والسماء عماد، '''''والجبال أوتاد'''''، والنجوم أعلام، </br>
Ka'ab Bin Lowy was a man of great honour among his ancestors and progeny. He was the first person who gave the name of Friday to the day of Friday. Arabs used to call him 'Aroba. He gathered them and advised them to hear, learn and understand,  and to know that night is deserted and silent, while day is full of sunlight, and earth is a cradle while sky is a support, '''and mountains are pegs''', and stars are signs, ...}}


The critics point out that the writer of Qur'an only restated this old concept in Quran, thus it could be in no way a miracle of Qur'an.


==Two scientific mistakes in Quran regarding the creation of mountains==
Critics point out that writer of Quran made two scientific mistakes regarding the creation of mountains.


==='''First Mistake''': Allah claim that it put mountains "from above" on the earth===
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/41.10 Quran 41:10]|وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِىَ مِن فَوْقِهَا


'''Sahih International:''' And He placed on the earth firmly set mountains over its surface.


'''Mohsin Khan:''' And He placed in it stabilisers (i.e. mountains) from above.}}
The Arabic words "'''من''' '''فوقها'''" mean "from above".


Mountains are usually formed through the movement and collision of lithospheric (tectonic) plates. The Quran, by contrast, states that the mountains on Earth's surface were put upon it from above by Allah, which is a scientific mistake.


==='''Second Mistake''': Allah had already made the mountains on the day of Sunday at time of the creation of the earth and the skies===
{{Quote|[http://web.archive.org/web/20151024181607/http://sunnah.com/muslim/52/10 Sahih Muslim]|Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger took hold of my hands and said:


Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, created the clay on Saturday and He created the mountains on Sunday and He created the trees on Monday and He created the things entailing labour on Tuesday and created light on Wednesday and lie caused the animals to spread on Thursday and created Adam (peace be upon him) after 'Asr on Friday;the last creation at the last hour of the hours of Friday, i. e. between afternoon and night.}}
Critics point out that according to the modern science<ref>[https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a34910714/why-mount-everest-and-swiss-alps-are-getting-taller/ Popular Mechanics]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mountains#:~:text=How%20Are%20Mountains%20Formed%3F,in%20a%20head-on%20collision. National Geographic]</ref>: 


*Mountains were not created on Sunday at the time of creation of the earth and the heavens.
*But earth initially consisted of gases only. It took billions of years to come into solid form. And even after earth came into solid state, still it took billions of years more in the formation of mountains.
*And older mountains disappear with time, and new mountains start forming.
*There existed no Mount Everest 250 million years ago.  Today it is the highest mountain. It will keep on gaining even more height, but then a time will come, when it will disappear completely.
Not only Hadith, but Quran itself claims that Allah had already created the mountains during the creation of the earth and heavens.
{{Quote|1=[http://quranx.com/41.9?Context=3 Quran 14:9-11]|2=(Sahih International) Say, "Do you indeed disbelieve in He who created the earth in two days and attribute to Him equals? And He placed on the earth firmly set mountains over its surface, and He blessed it and determined therein its [creatures'] sustenance in four days without distinction - for [the information] of those who ask. Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come [into being], willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We have come willingly."}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

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This article analyses the claim that Quran told that universe has been constantly expanding, and it is scientifically accurate, and thus it is is Quranic miracle.

Apologetic Claim

Apologists present the following verse

وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُون

Muhammad Assad: AND IT IS We who have built the universe with [Our creative] power; and, verily, it is We who are steadily expanding it.

Dr. Mohammad Tahir-ul-Qadri: And We built the heavenly universe with great might. And surely, We are expanding (this universe) more and more
Quran 51:47

Zakir Naik writes regarding this verse:

The Arabic word mûsi‘ûn is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the creation of the expanding vastness of the universe. Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century.” The Qur’aan mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to build a telescope!
The Quran and Modern Science by Zakir Naik

Criticism

Critics point out that:

  • This translation of verse 51:47 is not correct.
  • Only modern apologists started doing this translation, otherwise no earlier translator did this translation.
  • And none of the Qur'an Mufassirin (i.e. Quran interpreters) of last fourteen centuries ever come to this conclusion from this verse.






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