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'''Fard''' (الفرض), mostly synonymous with ''wajib'', is a term of [[Islamic law]] meaning '' | '''Fard''' (الفرض), mostly synonymous with ''wajib'', is a term of [[Islamic law]] meaning ''compulsory''. It is one of the five rulings (or ''[[Fiqh#Ahkam|ahkam]]'') that [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] applies to any action a person can take. | ||
==Types of fard== | ==Types of fard== | ||
Fard refers to religious duties incumbent upon all Muslims, of which there are two types: | Fard refers to religious duties incumbent upon all Muslims, of which there are two types: | ||
*Individual duty (الواجب العين, or ''fard al-ayn'') | *Individual duty (الواجب العين, or ''fard al-ayn''), which all Muslims are obligated to perform | ||
*Sufficiency duty (الواجب الكفائي, or ''fard al-kifaya''), a collective duty for believers that may not require each individual Muslim to perform; this type of duty is fulfilled so long as ''someone'' in the local community of Muslims is doing it | |||
*Sufficiency duty (الواجب الكفائي, or ''fard al-kifaya'') | |||
===Fard vs. wajib=== | ===Fard vs. wajib=== | ||
Hanafi fiqh differentiates between fard as that which is obligatory and wajib as that which is necessary. An example of wajib is the performance of ritual [[ablution]], or ''wudu'', prior to performing | Hanafi fiqh differentiates between ''fard'', as "that which is obligatory," and ''wajib,'' as "that which is necessary." An example of ''wajib'' is the performance of ritual [[ablution]], or ''wudu'', prior to performing daily [[Salah|prayers]], which are themselves ''fard''. In this example, it is simply necessary that a person perform ''wudu'' in order to complete their prayers, which are themselves obligatory, but performing ''wudu'' is not itself an obligation; in other words, a person is not required to make ''wudu'' at any point in the day. | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
The most | The most notable examples of ''fard'' actions in Islam are the [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]], which include stating the [[Shahadah]] (the Islamic testimony of faith), praying [[Salah]], completing the [[Hajj]], [[fasting]] during [[Ramadan]], and giving [[Zakat]]. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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*[[Five Pillars of Islam]] | *[[Five Pillars of Islam]] | ||
*[[Fiqh]] | *[[Fiqh]] | ||
*[[Jihad | *[[Jihad as Obligation (Fard)]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Fiqh (legal theory)]] | ||
[[Category:Ritual]] | |||