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Prophecies in the Hadith: Difference between revisions
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Muhammad's prophecies are predictions attributed to him and written hundreds of years after his [[Muhammad's Death|death]]. Many prophecies are considered "signs of the Hour" (Islamic eschatology). Some prophecies are general statements that may apply to times even before Islam, other prophecies predict early Islamic history (which happened before the predictions were written) and some prophecies make predictions about the the future to come after the hadiths were written. | Muhammad's prophecies are predictions attributed to him and written hundreds of years after his [[Muhammad's Death|death]]. Many prophecies are considered "signs of the Hour" (Islamic eschatology). Some prophecies are general statements that may apply to times even before Islam, other prophecies predict early Islamic history (which happened before the predictions were written) and some prophecies make predictions about the the future to come after the hadiths were written. | ||
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Khawarij ("The Leavers") left the army of the caliph Ali in the middle of the 7th century. The prediction was written in the middle of the 9th century, two hundred years later. | Khawarij ("The Leavers") left the army of the caliph Ali in the middle of the 7th century. The prediction was written in the middle of the 9th century, two hundred years later. | ||
The prophecy says "at the end of time". The Khawarij appeared more than a thousand years ago. | The prophecy says "at the end of time". The Khawarij appeared more than a thousand years ago. This suggests this apocalyptic prophecy was created during this time period. | ||
===Places of killed people at the battle of Badr=== | ===Places of killed people at the battle of Badr=== | ||
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..When we reached Tabuk, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "There will be a strong wind tonight and so no one should stand and whoever has a camel, should fasten it." So we fastened our camels. A strong wind blew at night and a man stood up and he was blown away to a mountain called Taiy.. | ..When we reached Tabuk, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "There will be a strong wind tonight and so no one should stand and whoever has a camel, should fasten it." So we fastened our camels. A strong wind blew at night and a man stood up and he was blown away to a mountain called Taiy.. | ||
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The prophecy was written in the 9th century. | The prophecy was written down in the 9th century. | ||
===Child is filled with rage=== | ===Child is filled with rage=== | ||
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It typifies the predictions of increased sin and licentiousness before the apocalypse. | It typifies the predictions of increased sin and licentiousness before the apocalypse which is a genre trope and not anything specific that did or could happen. | ||
===Women naked, but dressed (wearing revealing clothes)=== | ===Women naked, but dressed (wearing revealing clothes)=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2128|reference}}| | {{Quote|{{Muslim||2128|reference}}| | ||
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Some apologists present it as something new that happens in the 21st century and Muhammad couldn't have guessed it. | Some apologists present it as something new that happens in the 21st century and Muhammad couldn't have guessed it, but such dresses existed in antiquity as now. | ||
{{Quote|islamqa.info: Commentary on the hadeeth; “two types of the people of Hell whom I have not seen…” <ref>https://islamqa.info/en/answers/47017/commentary-on-the-hadeeth-two-types-of-the-people-of-hell-whom-i-have-not-seen</ref>| | {{Quote|islamqa.info: Commentary on the hadeeth; “two types of the people of Hell whom I have not seen…” <ref>https://islamqa.info/en/answers/47017/commentary-on-the-hadeeth-two-types-of-the-people-of-hell-whom-i-have-not-seen</ref>| | ||
This hadeeth is one of the miracles of Prophethood, for these two types of people have appeared, and '''they exist now, as al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said.''' | This hadeeth is one of the miracles of Prophethood, for these two types of people have appeared, and '''they exist now, as al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said.''' | ||
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This is again a prediction of sin and licentiousness before the end of the world. | This is again a prediction of sin and licentiousness before the end of the world, the same genre trope. | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim||1405d|reference}}| | {{Quote|{{Muslim||1405d|reference}}| | ||
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported: | Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported: | ||
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There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Rahat Harrat Rahat]) which is considered by Muslims as fulfillment. That's the last eruption, but the eruption before that was in 640 - 641 A.D. during the reign of Umar.<ref> | There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Rahat Harrat Rahat]) which is considered by Muslims as fulfillment. That's the last eruption, but the eruption before that was in 640 - 641 A.D. during the reign of Umar.<ref> | ||
Volcanic history of the northernmost part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia | Volcanic history of the northernmost part of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia | ||
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1253/529993/Volcanic-history-of-the-northernmost-part-of-the</ref> The unspecified date of occurrence makes this prediction one that might be referenced perennially | https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/3/1253/529993/Volcanic-history-of-the-northernmost-part-of-the</ref> The unspecified date of occurrence makes this prediction one that might be referenced perennially. | ||
===Making halal what was haram=== | ===Making halal what was haram=== | ||
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{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 485 (sahih)| | {{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 485 (sahih)| | ||
Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Injustice will appear as darkness on the Day of Rising." | Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Injustice will appear as darkness on the Day of Rising." | ||
}}Once again, sin and wrongdoing will multiply before the final hour. | }}Once again, sin and wrongdoing will multiply before the final hour, another trope. | ||
===False testimony=== | ===False testimony=== | ||
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Yet another predictions of licentiousness and sin before the end of times. | Yet another predictions of licentiousness and sin before the end of times, the same trope again. | ||
===Unfulfilled vows=== | ===Unfulfilled vows=== | ||
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In any interest-based economy, all goods will inevitably be "tainted" directly or indirectly with interest-based practices; this fits into a general | In any interest-based economy, all goods will inevitably be "tainted" directly or indirectly with interest-based practices; this fits into a general trope of predicting sin and degeneracy before the endtimes. | ||
===Sudden deaths=== | ===Sudden deaths=== | ||
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It is not very clear what this refers to, except for a general prediction of violence before the end of times; originally it may have been a reference to the | It is not very clear what this refers to, except for a general prediction of violence before the end of times; originally it may have been a reference to the apocalyptic war between the Romans and the Sassanids, but there's not alot of detail to infer that in this hadith as "killing" may describe many events in history. | ||
===Two parties with the same message will fight=== | ===Two parties with the same message will fight=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim||157h|reference}}| | {{Quote|{{Muslim||157h|reference}}| | ||
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'''You would soon conquer Egypt''' and that is a land which is known (as the land of al-qirat). So when you conquer it, treat its inhabitants well. For there lies upon you the responsibility because of blood-tie or relationship of marriage (with them). And when you see two persons falling into dispute amongst themselves for the space of a brick, than get out of that. He (Abu Dharr) said: I saw Abd al-Rahman b. Shurahbil b. Hasana and his brother Rabi'a disputing with one another for the space of a brick. So I left that (land). | '''You would soon conquer Egypt''' and that is a land which is known (as the land of al-qirat). So when you conquer it, treat its inhabitants well. For there lies upon you the responsibility because of blood-tie or relationship of marriage (with them). And when you see two persons falling into dispute amongst themselves for the space of a brick, than get out of that. He (Abu Dharr) said: I saw Abd al-Rahman b. Shurahbil b. Hasana and his brother Rabi'a disputing with one another for the space of a brick. So I left that (land). | ||
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt Muslim conquest of Egypt] happened in the 7th century. The hadith collection Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century. | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt Muslim conquest of Egypt] happened in the 7th century. The hadith collection Sahih Muslim was written down in the 9th century. | ||
===Conquest of Yemen, Syria and Iraq=== | ===Conquest of Yemen, Syria and Iraq=== | ||
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'''Yemen will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families on them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''Syria will be conquered''' and some people will go away driving their camels along with them and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''lraq will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority. while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. | '''Yemen will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families on them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''Syria will be conquered''' and some people will go away driving their camels along with them and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then '''lraq will be conquered''' and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority. while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. | ||
}} | }} | ||
All conquests happened in the 7th century. Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century. | All conquests happened in the 7th century. Sahih Muslim was written down in the 9th century. | ||
===Fighting Turks=== | ===Fighting Turks=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3587|darussalam}}| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3587|darussalam}}| | ||
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Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century. | Some suggest that "Turks" here means "Mongols" and that this thus predicts Gengis Khan. However, The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan Battle of Kharistan] (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh, could equally fit the description provided here. This seems more plausible, especially as Sahih Bukhari was written down in the 9th century. | ||
One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, | One might also note that if Muhammad did in fact make these predictions, the global imperial aspirations of the early Islamic Caliphate (proven as they were by the end of Muhammad's life) would make the conquest of any number of neighboring or nearby peoples a likelihood. | ||
===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you=== | ===Leave the Turks as long as they leave you=== | ||
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===Fearless traveler (security)=== | ===Fearless traveler (security)=== | ||
This hadith probably refers to time after the conquest of Iraq in the 7th century: | |||
{{Quote|al-Haythami 7/334 (sahih)| | {{Quote|al-Haythami 7/334 (sahih)| | ||
لا تقومُ الساعَةُ حتى تعودَ أرْضُ العربِ مروجًا وأَنْهَارًا وحتى يسيرَ الراكِبُ بينَ العِرَاقِ ومَكَّةَ لَا يَخَافُ إلَّا ضَلَالَ الطريقِ [ وحتَّى يَكْثُرَ الْهَرْجُ قالوا وما الهَرْجُ يا رسولَ اللهِ قال القتلُ ] | لا تقومُ الساعَةُ حتى تعودَ أرْضُ العربِ مروجًا وأَنْهَارًا وحتى يسيرَ الراكِبُ بينَ العِرَاقِ ومَكَّةَ لَا يَخَافُ إلَّا ضَلَالَ الطريقِ [ وحتَّى يَكْثُرَ الْهَرْجُ قالوا وما الهَرْجُ يا رسولَ اللهِ قال القتلُ ] | ||
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===Special greeting=== | ===Special greeting=== | ||
This was interpreted as "greeting only people you know": | |||
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)| | {{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)| | ||
بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ: تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ | بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ: تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ | ||
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When spoiles of war are distributed; and property given in trust will be considered as booty for oneself; Zakat will be looked upon as a fine; '''learning for other than the religion'''; a man will obey his wife and disobey his mother; a man will bring his friends nearer and drive his father far off; noises will be raised in the masjids; the most wicked of a tribe will become its ruler; the most worthless member of a people will become its leader; a man will be honoured for fear of the evil he may do; singing girls and musical instruments will come into vogue; drinking of wine will become common; and the later generations will begin to curse the previous generations; then wait, for red violent winds, earthquakes, swallowing up by the earth, defacement (of human faces), pelting of stones from the skies as rain, and a continuing chain of disasters followed one by another, like beads of a necklace falling one after the other rapidly when its string is cut. | When spoiles of war are distributed; and property given in trust will be considered as booty for oneself; Zakat will be looked upon as a fine; '''learning for other than the religion'''; a man will obey his wife and disobey his mother; a man will bring his friends nearer and drive his father far off; noises will be raised in the masjids; the most wicked of a tribe will become its ruler; the most worthless member of a people will become its leader; a man will be honoured for fear of the evil he may do; singing girls and musical instruments will come into vogue; drinking of wine will become common; and the later generations will begin to curse the previous generations; then wait, for red violent winds, earthquakes, swallowing up by the earth, defacement (of human faces), pelting of stones from the skies as rain, and a continuing chain of disasters followed one by another, like beads of a necklace falling one after the other rapidly when its string is cut. | ||
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This again is a prophecy so vague to be meaningless, as knowledge was extre-religious before, during the life of, and after Muhammad. | |||
===Tall buildings=== | ===Tall buildings=== | ||
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Some add that theses buildings were described as being "as high as mountains", but that hadith is mawqoof (not | Some add that theses buildings were described as being "as high as mountains", but that hadith is mawqoof (ie not to be trusted). It was a saying of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr and it was after Muslims became rich from early Islamic conquests, so they could likely imagine themselves building tall in Mecca. Also the hadith is da'eef: | ||
{{Quote|Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah, Hadith: 14306 (da'eef or hasan)| | {{Quote|Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah, Hadith: 14306 (da'eef or hasan)| | ||
Sayyiduna '''‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr''' (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) is reported to have said: “……When you see tunnels/canals being dug in Makkah Mukarramah and the buildings (of Makkah Mukarramah) higher than the peak of the mountains then know that Qiyamah is close.” | Sayyiduna '''‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr''' (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) is reported to have said: “……When you see tunnels/canals being dug in Makkah Mukarramah and the buildings (of Makkah Mukarramah) higher than the peak of the mountains then know that Qiyamah is close.” | ||
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Intimidation with violence was already used before Islam. It was also used by Muhammad. | Intimidation with violence was already used before Islam. It was also used by Muhammad according to the sirah literature and other ahadith. | ||
===The leader of a people will be the worst of them=== | ===The leader of a people will be the worst of them=== | ||
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We were sitting in the shade of the chamber of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) discussing (something) and when we mentioned the last hour, our voices rose high. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The last hour will not come or happen until there appear ten signs before it : '''the rising of the sun in its place of setting''', the coming forth of the beast, the coming forth of Gog and Magog, the Dajjal (Antichrist), (the descent of) Jesus son of Mary, the smoke, and three collapses of the earth: one in the west, one in the east, and one in the Arabian Peninsula. The last of that will be the emergence of a fire from Yemen, from the lowest part of Aden, and drive mankind to their place of assembly. | We were sitting in the shade of the chamber of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) discussing (something) and when we mentioned the last hour, our voices rose high. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The last hour will not come or happen until there appear ten signs before it : '''the rising of the sun in its place of setting''', the coming forth of the beast, the coming forth of Gog and Magog, the Dajjal (Antichrist), (the descent of) Jesus son of Mary, the smoke, and three collapses of the earth: one in the west, one in the east, and one in the Arabian Peninsula. The last of that will be the emergence of a fire from Yemen, from the lowest part of Aden, and drive mankind to their place of assembly. | ||
}} | }} | ||
This seems to suggest that the sun revolves about the Earth and can reverse direction | This seems to suggest that the sun revolves about the Earth and can reverse direction, another trope in apocalyptic literature. | ||
There is also a related verse in the Quran:{{Quote|{{Quran|6|158}}| | There is also a related verse in the Quran:{{Quote|{{Quran|6|158}}| | ||
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The Muslim conquest of India did occur, however the second coming did not follow either these events: | |||
{{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/145636/hadith-about-the-conquest-of-india islamqa.info: Hadith about the conquest of India]| | {{Quote|[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/145636/hadith-about-the-conquest-of-india islamqa.info: Hadith about the conquest of India]| | ||
What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about '''the conquest of India has not happened up till now''', but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh. | What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about '''the conquest of India has not happened up till now''', but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh. | ||
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror Mehmed the Conqueror] - a 15h century Muslim conqueror, also called himself Caesar | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror Mehmed the Conqueror] - a 15h century Muslim conqueror, also called himself Caesar | ||
The prophecy is probably referring to the 7th century Islamic conquests. The prediction in Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century. | The prophecy is probably referring to the 7th century Islamic conquests. The prediction in Sahih Bukhari was written down in the 9th century. | ||
====Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims==== | ====Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims==== | ||
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====Islam will be widespread==== | ====Islam will be widespread==== | ||
Although Muhammad predicted that Islam will disappear, he also predicted that Islam will succeed: | Although Muhammad in the hadith predicted that Islam will disappear, he also predicted that Islam will succeed: | ||
{{Quote|Musnad Aḥmad 16509 (sahih)| | {{Quote|Musnad Aḥmad 16509 (sahih)| | ||
Tamim al-Dari reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “This matter will certainly reach every place touched by the night and day. Allah will not leave a house or residence but that Allah will cause this religion to enter it, by which the honorable will be honored and the disgraceful will be disgraced. Allah will honor the honorable with Islam and he will disgrace the disgraceful with unbelief.” | Tamim al-Dari reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “This matter will certainly reach every place touched by the night and day. Allah will not leave a house or residence but that Allah will cause this religion to enter it, by which the honorable will be honored and the disgraceful will be disgraced. Allah will honor the honorable with Islam and he will disgrace the disgraceful with unbelief.” | ||
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..the Last Hour will not come before the tribes of my people attach themselves to the polytheists and tribes of my people worship idols.. | ..the Last Hour will not come before the tribes of my people attach themselves to the polytheists and tribes of my people worship idols.. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Polytheism has become less popular with time. | Polytheism has in fact become less popular with time, at least as the word is commonly understood. | ||
====People will worship goddesses Lat and Uzza again==== | ====People will worship goddesses Lat and Uzza again==== | ||