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The use of assassination to achieve political/religious goals has been important throughout the history of Arabia and [[Islam|Islamic]] expansion, and the very word "assassin"<ref>McCarthy, Kevin M., ''American Speech'', Volume 48, pp. 77–83</ref> has [[Arabic]] roots {{arabic|(حشّاشين). }}


This [[lists|list]] contains the results and reasons for the targeted killings and assassinations ordered or supported by Prophet [[Muhammad]], as well as the [[Violence Under Muhammad (Primary Sources)|primary sources]] which mention these incidents.
==List of Killings==
<BR><small><center>{{legend|#EEEEEE|Ordered by Muhammad|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#E3E3B6|Supported but not ordered by Muhammad|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FFD4D4|Women and/or children|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#B6B6E3|Apostates|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<BR>{{legend|#FFF3D4|Reasons including writing or reciting poetry|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#DEFFD4|Reasons including "causing offence"|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#D4F4FF|Reasons including monetary gain|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}</center></small><BR>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
! width ="10" | No.
! width ="280" | Name
! width ="130" | Date
! width ="330" | Reason(s) for Ordering or Supporting Killing
! width ="200" | Result
! width ="230" | Notable Primary Sources
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |'Asma' bint Marwan
| January 624<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 130">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>
|style="background: #FFF3D4;" | Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him<ref name="Sa'd 1967 35">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.}}</ref><ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref><ref name="William Muir Elder and co 130">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>
|
Asma' bint Marwan assassinated<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 130">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 210.</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 675-676.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 35"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2
| Abu 'Afak
| February 624<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref>
|style="background: #FFF3D4;" | Kill the Jewish poet Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry<ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/><ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref>De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam,  [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7YA55Ih59oC&pg=PA433  A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2)], p. 433.</ref>
|
Abu Afak assassinated<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/><ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 675.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>"''Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah''" - Sa'd, Ibn (1967). ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2.]'' Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31.</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3
| Al Nadr ibn al-Harith
| After Battle of Badr<br>March 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274">Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |According to Mubarakpuri, Al Nadir was captured during the Battle of Badr. A Qur'an verse was revealed ordering the execution of Nadr bin Harith, he was one of two prisoners who were executed and not allowed to be ransomed by their clans because he mocked and harassed Muhammad and wrote poems and stories criticizing him<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223">Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 223.</ref>
|
Nadr bin Harith beheaded by Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
|
*{{Quran|83|13}}<ref name="Muhammad pp. 162-163">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 162-163.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 162-163"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4
| Uqba bin Abu Muayt
| After Battle of Badr<br>March 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Uqba bin Abu Muayt was captured in the Battle of Badr and was killed instead of being ransomed, because he threw dead animal entrails on Muhammad, and wrapped his garmet around Muhammad's neck while he was praying<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
|
Uqba bin Abu Muayt beheaded by Asim ibn Thabbit or Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
|
*Sunan Abu Dawud no. 2680 (with commentary from Awnul Mabud 3/12)<ref>Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274 (footnote 1).</ref>
*{{Bukhari|1|9|499}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 308.</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=121}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5
| Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf
| September 624<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | author = Montgomery Watt, W. | editor = P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia =Encyclopaedia of Islam Online| title = Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers | id = ISSN 1573-3912}}</ref><ref name="stillman13">{{cite book | first=Norman | last=Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | location=Philadelphia | year=1979 |page=13}} ISBN 0827601166 p. 13.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".<ref>Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.</ref><ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>
|
Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated<ref name="online"/>
|
*{{Bukhari|5|59|369}}, {{muslim|19|4436}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6
| Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq
| December 624<ref name="Hegira Volume 4 p 14">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14
</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies<ref name="webcitation.org">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60uzg0jSV online])</ref><ref name="Hegira Volume 4 p 14"></ref>
|
Abu Rafi assassinated<ref name="webcitation.org"/><ref name="Hegira Volume 4 p 14"></ref>
|
*{{Bukhari|4|52|264}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|370}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|371}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|372}} and more<ref>{{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|page=204}}</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 482. "THE KILLING OF SALLAM IBN ABU'L-HUQAYQ"</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7
| Khalid ibn Sufyan
| 625<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> 
| Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Medina and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/><ref name="first great general 126">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Islam's first great general|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA126|first=Richard A. |last=Gabriel |year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press
|isbn=9780806138602|page=126}}</ref>
|
Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/><ref name="first great general 126"></ref>
|
*Musnad Ahmad 3:496<ref>[http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/tawassul_3.htm Sunnah.org], says  Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, [http://archive.is/hqM8x archive]</ref>
*Abu Dawud, book 2 no.1244<ref>[http://www.hadithcollection.com/abudawud/234-Abu%20Dawud%20Book%2002.%20Prayer/15945-abu-dawud-book-002-hadith-number-1244.html Abu Dawud 2:1244], hadithcollection.com [http://www.webcitation.org/608IxocVe (archive)]</ref>
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=121}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=klAKAQAAMAAJ&q|authors=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|year=2000|publisher=Garnet|isbn=978-1859640098|page=190}} </ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8
| Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi
| March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
| Behead Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi because he was a prisoner of War captured during the Invasion of Hamra al-Asad, that Muhammad released once, but he took up arms against him again<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 183. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v0RdHwu online])</ref><ref name="Tabari 2008 141–142">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|pages=141–142}} pp. 141-142</ref>
|
Abu 'Azzah beheaded by Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183"/><ref name="Tabari 2008 141–142"/>
|
*Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref name="Tabari 2008 141–142"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9
| Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah
| March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina"/>
| Kill Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah, because he was accused by Muhammad of being a spy. He went to Uthman (his cousin) for shelter, and Uthman arranged for his return to Mecca, but he stayed too long in Medina. After Muhammad heard he was still in Medina, he ordered his death<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183"/><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 390.</ref>
|
Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah captured and executed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183"/><ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755-756 (footnotes).</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Al-Harith bin Suwayd al-Ansari
| March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina"/>
| Kill Al-Harith bin Suwayd because according to Islamic tradition, Allah revealed Qur'an 3:86, which indicated that those who reject Islam after accepting it should be put to death. Al-Harith bin Suwayd was a Muslim who fought in the Battle of Uhud and killed some Muslims, he then joined the Quraysh and left Islam. Al-Harith sent his brother to Muhammad for his forgiveness. Muhammad allowed his return but then decided to kill him.<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756"/><ref name="A. Rahman pp. 25-26">S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, pp. 25-26.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Asbab al-nuzul by al-Wahidi, Commentary of Quran 3:86, ([http://www.webcitation.org/61Bnjklqy online])</ref><ref>De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam,  [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7YA55Ih59oC&pg=PA433  A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2)], p. 433.</ref>
|
Al-Harith bin Suwayd beheaded by Uthman<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756"/><ref name="A. Rahman pp. 25-26"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|
*{{Quran|3|86}}<ref name="A. Rahman pp. 25-26"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11
| Abu Sufyan
| 627<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abū Khalīl|first=Shawqī |title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA242 Atlas of the Quran]|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}</ref>
| Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate Abu Sufyan (Quraysh leader)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211"/>
|
3 polytheists killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211"/>
|
*Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=147}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 12
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Banu Qurayza tribe
| February–March 627<ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| authors=William Muir|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref>
|
Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wWxNMpU online])</ref><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213| authors=Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=213|isbn= 9781861796110}}([http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41539 online])</ref><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 461-464.</ref><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref><ref name="Inamdar">{{citation|title=Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q|authors=Subhash C. Inamdar|year=2001|publisher=Psychosocial Press|isbn=1887841288|page=166 (footnotes)}}</ref>  One of Muhammad's companions decided that "the men should be killed, the property divided, and the women and children taken as captives". Muhammad approved of the ruling, calling it similar to God's judgment,<ref name="Peters223"/><ref name="Stillman140"/><ref name="Oxford University Press">{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)|author= Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator)|isbn= 978-0-19-636033-1 |year=2005|publisher= Oxford University Press|year=2002|pages=461–464}} pp. 461–464.</ref><ref name="Adil">Adil, ''Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam'', p. 395f.</ref><ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet| url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author= William Muir|publisher=Kessinger Publishing| year=2003| isbn=9780766177413|page=329}}</ref> after which all male members of the tribe who had reached puberty were beheaded<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21"/><ref name="Kister 1990 p. 54">Kister (1990), Society and religion from Jāhiliyya to Islam, p. 54.</ref>
|
Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/><BR>Non-Muslims:
#600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)<br><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21"/><ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|pages=35–36}} pp. 35–36</ref>
#All Males and 1 woman beheaded <br>(Hadith)<ref>{{abudawud|14|2665}}</ref><ref>{{Bukhari|4|52|280}}</ref>
|
*{{quran|33|26}},<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21"/> Qur'an 33:09 & 33:10<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA194| authors=Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=213|isbn= 9781861796110}} ([http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41359 online])</ref><ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.</ref>
*{{abudawud|38|4390}}
*{{Bukhari|4|52|68}}, {{Bukhari|4|57|66}} and more
*Tabari, Volume 8, Victory of Islam<ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504|pages=35–36}} pp. 35–36.</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 13
| Abdullah ibn Ubayy
| December 627<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><br>(during Invasion of Banu Mustaliq<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 208-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> )
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Ubayy, who was accused by Muhammad of slandering his family by spreading false rumors about Aisha (his wife).<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 18 (Part 18): Al-Muminum 1 to Al-Furqan 20 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathīr, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UXIMSE5E-soC&pg=PA77|year=2009|publisher=MSA Publication Limited
|isbn=9781861797223|pages=77}} </ref> His son offered to behead him<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 209-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1994|publisher=Islamic Book Trust
|isbn=978-8187746461|page=354}}</ref>
|
Muhammad calls off assassination and says to Umar "if I had had him (Abdullah bin Ubai) killed, a large number of dignitaries would have furiously hastened to fight for him"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> Later he reveals a Quran verse forbidding Muslims from attending the funeral of disbelievers and "hypocrites"<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA490|page=490}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 10 (Part 10): Al-Anfal 41 To At-Tauba 92|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9PL5jJ_ZOI0C&pg=PA221|first=Muhammad Saed | last=Rahman |year=2008 | publisher=MSA publication limited | isbn=9781861795786|page=221}}</ref>
|
*{{Bukhari|5|59|462}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|462}}
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 14
| Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam
| February 628<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him<ref name="William Muir p. 17">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref>
|
30 killed by Muslims<ref name="William Muir p. 17"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>
|
*Tirmidhi no. 3923<ref>[http://www.box.net/shared/xvsxnaj7el Tirmidhi (Partial translation)], see no. 3923, p. 182.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>{{cite book|authors=Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=665|quote=Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 15
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Eight men from 'Ukil
| February 628<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/>
| Kill 8 men who came to him and converted to Islam, but then apostatized, killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.</ref>
|
Muslims: 1 killed<BR>Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19"/><ref>{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref>
|
*{{Quran-range|5|33|39}}<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19"/><ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZmSQPIkTyN0C&pg=PA392 Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land"], and [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=13751 Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version]</ref>
*{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|505}}, {{Bukhari|7|71|623}} and more
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 16
| Rifa’ah bin Qays
| 629<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=123}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref>
| To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of Qais to fight him<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242"/>
|
1 beheaded,<ref name="Muhammad pp. 671-672">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 671-672.</ref> 4 women captured by Muslims<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|page=151}}</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 671-672"/>
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 17
| Abdullah bin Khatal
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333">{{citation|title=Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=k8xyO3fQkccC&pg=PT327
| first=Maulana |last=Wahid Khan|year=2002|publisher=Goodword |pages=327–333}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Bukhari|5|59|582}}</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 254.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Abdullah bin Khatal for killing a slave and fleeing, as well and for reciting poems insulting Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/>
|
2 Muslims execute him, after finding him hiding under the curtains of the Ka'aba<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/>
|
*{{Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Bukhari|3|29|72}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 551.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=174}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 18
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Fartana
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440">Hussain Haykal, The Life of Mohammed, p. 440.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Fartana (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to recite poems insulting Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/>
|
Fartana is killed<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440"/>
|
*{{abudawud|14|2678}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 550.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Quraybah
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Quraybah (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to recite poems insulting Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
Quraybah converts to Islam and is pardoned<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
|
*{{abudawud|14|2678}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 20
| Huwayrith ibn Nafidh
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |When Muhammad's daughters were fleeing Medina, he stabbed their camels, causing injuries. He was a poet who "disgraced and abused" Islam<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68">S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, p. 68.</ref>
|
Huwayrith ibn Nafidh killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68"/> by Ali<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 21
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Miqyas ibn Subabah
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| Miqyas killed a Muslim who accidentally killed his brother, and escaped to Mecca and became an apostate by embracing polytheism<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68"/>
|
Miqyas killed<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 22
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Sarah
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Sarah, because Muhammad claimed that she used to molest him while he was in Mecca<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|
Conflicting reports:
#Ibn Ishaq reports that she embraced Islam but was killed later, during the time of Umar<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
#Tabari reports she was killed<ref name="books.google.com">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|page=79}}</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="books.google.com"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 23
| Harith ibn Hisham
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| Kill Harith ibn Hisham, reason unknown<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|
According to Ibn Sa'd, Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah and Harith ibn Hisham both sought refuge in a Muslim relatives house, the relative pleaded with Muhammad for mercy, so he pardoned them on the condition they embrace Islam<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 179">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=179}}</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 179"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 24
| Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| Kill Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah, reason unknown<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|
See above result<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 25
| Habbar Ibn al-Aswad bin Ka`b al-`Ansi
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Habbar ibn al-Aswad because he was a "liar",<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}</ref> he claimed he was a Prophet<ref name="The last years of the Prophet"/>
|
Habbar ibn al-Aswad killed<ref name="The last years of the Prophet"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|
*{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}, {{Bukhari|4|56|817}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=168}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 26
| Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl, bcause he was hostile to Muhammad like his father Abu Jahl<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
|
Conflicting reports
#Ibn Ishaq says, his wife "became a Muslim and asked for immunity for him and the apostle gave it"<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
#Tabari says he was "eliminated"<ref name="http">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|page=180}}</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="http"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 27
| Wahshi ibn Harb
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| Kill Wahshi ibn Harb, for killing Muhammad's uncle during the Battle of Uhud<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
Wahshi ibn Harb pardoned by Muhammad after he asks for forgiveness and offers to convert to Islam<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Ibn Sa'd p. 179">Ibn Sa'd, Syed Moinul Haq (translator), Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2, p. 179.</ref>
|
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Ibn Sa'd p. 179"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 28
| Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Assassinate Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama for writing satirical poems about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref>M. Th. Houtsma, E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p. 584.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 287.</ref><ref name="Muhammad p. 597">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 597.</ref>
|
Ibn Ishaq wrote that Muhammad said "Leave him alone, he has become a repentant Muslim after the disposal of his past.", so he was pardoned<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 597"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 597"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 29
| Al-Harith bin al-Talatil
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |For mocking Muhammad through poetry<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
Al-Harith bin al-Talatil is killed by Ali<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57">Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Trevor Le Gassick (translator), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, p. 57.</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 30
| Abdullah ibn Zib'ari
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Zib'ari, for writing insulting poems about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
Abdullah ibn Zib'ari repents and converts to Islam, so Muhammad pardoned him<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 31
| Hubayrah
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Hubayrah, for mocking Muhammad through poetry<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
Tabari Volume 39 states, Hubayrah "ran away when Mecca was conquered, and died in Najran as an infidel"<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
*Tabari, Volume 39, Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors<ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=czSP046th6IC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron|year=1998|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=0791428192|page=196 (footnote 852)}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 32
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Hind bint Utbah
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| Kill Hind bint Utbah (wife of Abu Sufyan) for cutting out the heart of Muhammad's uncle Hamza after he died, during the Battle of Uhud<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
Tabari said, Hind "swore allegiance and became a Muslim.",<ref name="Tabari, Michael Fishbein p. 181">Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, p. 181.</ref> she was pardoned by Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|
*{{abudawud|33|4153}}
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="Tabari, Michael Fishbein p. 181"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 33
| Amr ibn Jihash (convert to Islam)<ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44">Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 2nd Edition, p. 44. ([http://www.webcitation.org/61AAwJ3bW online])</ref>
| During the Invasion of Banu Nadir<ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44"/><br> (Aug 625)<ref>Tabari, The foundation of the community, p.161.</ref>
| According to Ibn Kathir and Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad said to Yamin bim Umayr, about Amr ibn Jash "Have you seen the way your cousin has treated me and what he proposed to do?"<ref name="Muhammad p. 438">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 438.</ref><ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44"></ref> Muhammad accused him of trying to assassinate him<ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 2nd Edition, p. 43. ([http://www.webcitation.org/61AAwJ3bW online])</ref>
|
Amr ibn Jihash is assassinated after a Muslim offers a reward for his killing<ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44"></ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 438"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 34
| King or Prince of Dumatul Jandal
| October 630<ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref>
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" | Attack the chief of Duma for Jizyah and booty<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=58–59}} pp. 58–59. ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.</ref>
|
1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref>
|
*{{abudawud|19|3031}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=205}}</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 35
| Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan
| Unknown
| Kill Umaiya bin Khalaf, Muhammad's reason is unknown.<ref name="The life and times of Muhammad">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|page=187}}. ISBN 9781568331126</ref> But Bilal wanted to kill him for torturing him<ref name="Haykal, Ismaʼil R 1976, p. 229">"''This Umayyah was Bilal's previous master who used to torture him by forcing him down to the ground''" - Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 229.</ref>
|
Umaiya bin Khalaf killed by Bilal<ref name="The life and times of Muhammad"/><ref name="Haykal, Ismaʼil R 1976, p. 229"/>
|
*{{Bukhari|4|56|826}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 36
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Blind man's wife/concubine
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Muhammad supported this killing because the women insulted him<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{Abudawud|38|4348}}</ref>
|
Blind Muslim kills his wife/concubine<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{abudawud|38|4348}}</ref>
|
*{{abudawud|38|4348}}
*Sunan al-Nasai no. 4081
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 37
| Ibn Sunayna
| Unknown
| Muhammad reportedly ordered his followers to "kill any Jew that falls into your power", Muhayissa heard this and went out to kill Ibn Sunayna (a Jew)<ref name="Jewish Publication Society">{{cite book|author=Norman A. Stillman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA128|title=The Jews of Arab lands: a history and source book|year=2003|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|page=128}} ISBN 9780827601987</ref><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|page=199}} ISBN 9781568331126</ref>
|
Ibn Sunayna killed by Muhayissa<ref name="Jewish Publication Society"/><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|9781568331126|page=199}}</ref>
|
*{{abudawud|19|2996}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 369.</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 38
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad, because he became and apostate (left Islam) and fled to Mecca. He also claimed that he was the one who wrote the Qur'an and started to mock Muhammad, which made him angry<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131 |first=Muir| last=Sir. William|year=1861 | publisher=Abe books|page=131}}</ref>
|
A misunderstanding leads to his pardoning. Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad was brought in front of Muhammad and offered his loyalty, Muhammad upheld his hand to indicate that his followers should kill him, but the Muslims thought he pardoned him.<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131"/> He said "Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him?"<ref>{{abudawud|38|4346}}</ref>
|
*{{abudawud|38|4346}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 39
| Ibn an-Nawwahah
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |According to Ibn Kathir, Muhammad once said about Ibn an-Nawwahah "I would have cut off your head, if it was not that emissaries are not killed" because he claimed Musaylimah was a Prophet, so Abdullah ibn Masud killed Ibn an-Nawwahah when he was no longer an emissary<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379">Shaykh Safiur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī, Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4, p. 379. ([http://www.webcitation.org/619xF7mgV online])</ref><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref>
|
Abdullah ibn Masud beheads Ibn an-Nawwahah<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379"/><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref>
|
*{{abudawud|14|2756}}
*Tabari, Volume 10, Conquest of Arabia<ref>{{citation|title=The conquest of Arabia|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VA5Uke7IpHkC&pg=PA16|first=Al|last=Tabari|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0791410714|page=107}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 40
| Blind Jew
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Muhammad's followers kill a blind Jew for throwing dust at his face<ref name="Sita Ram Goel p. 104">Sita Ram Goel, India. High Court (Calcutta, India), The Calcutta Quran petition, ISBN 8185990581, p. 104.</ref><ref name="Tabari 2008 112">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=112}}</ref>
|
Blind Jew killed by Sa'd ibn Zayd<ref name="Sita Ram Goel p. 104"/><ref name="Tabari 2008 112"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 372.</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref name="Tabari 2008 112"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 41
| Nameless spy
| Unknown
| Kill a man Muhammad suspected of being a spy<ref name="The Middle East p. 423">The Middle East: Abstracts and index, Part 1, p. 423.</ref><ref name="Bukhari 4 52 286">{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}</ref>
|
Salama bin Al-Akwa chases and kills the suspected spy<ref name="The Middle East p. 423"/><ref name="Bukhari 4 52 286">{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}</ref>
|
*{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 42
| Man from Aslam tribe
| Unknown
| Kill a man from the Aslam tribe for Adultery<ref name="Nabil A. Haroun p. 9">Dr. Nabil A. Haroun, Islamic Books, ISBN 9773161277, Teach Yourself Islam, p. 9.</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4414">{{Abudawud|38|4414}}</ref>
|
Man from Aslam tribe stoned to death<ref name="Nabil A. Haroun p. 9"/><ref name="Abudawud 38 4414">{{Abudawud|38|4414}}</ref>
|
*{{Abudawud|38|4414}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 43
| Kinana ibn al-Rabi
| July 628<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755, 763.</ref>
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" |Torture Kinana ibn al-Rabi to find location of allegedly hidden treasure<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372">Mubarakpuri (1996), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 372.</ref><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
|
Kinana ibn al-Rabi beheaded<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372"/><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). 1956. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 145-146.</ref>
|}<BR><BR>
==See Also==
{{Hub4|Lists|Lists}}
{{Hub4|Muhammad|Muhammad}}
{{Template:Translation-links-english|[[Seznam vrazd narizenych nebo podporovanych Mohamedem|Czech]]}}
==External Links==
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/alshifa/pt4ch1sec2.htm|2=2012-08-25}} The proof of the necessity of killing anyone who curses the Prophet or finds fault with him] ''- Muslim website''
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.reddit.com/r/exmuslim/comments/tql65/full_rejoinder_to_balqis_rebuttal_of_wikiislam/|2=2012-09-10}} Full rejoinder to Balqis' rebuttal of WikiIslam Assassination List] ''- r/exmuslim user responds to objections raised by apologists''
==Main Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation|title=When the Moon Split|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xJL6gxPUV4EC&pg=PA147| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri |year=2002|publisher=DarusSalam|isbn=978-9960-897-28-8}}
* {{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications}}. Note: This is the free version available on Google Books
* {{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA244 | first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960-899-55-8 }}
* {{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960-897-71-4}}
* {{citation|title= The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover| first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1878|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861}}
*{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1994|publisher=Islamic Book Trust
|isbn=978-8187746461}}
*{{citation|title=Muhammad, Islams first general|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA198| first=Richard A. |last=Gabriel |year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press
|isbn=9780806138602}}
*{{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam publishers Ltd|isbn=978-9960897189}}
*{{cite book|last=Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq|first=Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
{{refend}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Jihad and Terrorism]]

Latest revision as of 19:03, 27 March 2016

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