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Quran and a Universe from Smoke: Difference between revisions
Quran and a Universe from Smoke (view source)
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This lack of detail is further highlighted by the depth and loquaciousness used by the author of the Qur'an on other topics. The author explains in detail [[Cousin Marriage in Islamic Law|who you can and cannot marry]] and how [[Critical Analysis: Inheritance Laws|an inheritance can be divided]]. The Qur'an also retells stories multiple times. Based on these facts, it is difficult to rationalize why such sparse details were used to describe something as complex as the formation of the universe, especially when such information could have validated the authenticity of the Qur'anic message. | This lack of detail is further highlighted by the depth and loquaciousness used by the author of the Qur'an on other topics. The author explains in detail [[Cousin Marriage in Islamic Law|who you can and cannot marry]] and how [[Critical Analysis: Inheritance Laws|an inheritance can be divided]]. The Qur'an also retells stories multiple times. Based on these facts, it is difficult to rationalize why such sparse details were used to describe something as complex as the formation of the universe, especially when such information could have validated the authenticity of the Qur'anic message. | ||
===Nebulea and Milky Way=== | ===Nebulea and Milky Way=== | ||
The apologist claim then makes use of images of distant nebulae only visible through the aid of modern telescopes. These wispy, red and pink clouds of hydrogen gas are supposed to provide a visual connection to smoke. On the surface the comparison seems warranted. However, smoke is a thick, billowing substance that is always black, gray, or white. Given this fact, another image of the night sky is far more reminiscent of smoke than the distant nebulae above, and it can be seen with the naked eye right here on earth. It does not require divine revelation nor advanced scientific instruments to imagine the Milky Way as a cloud of smoke in the night sky. It is easy to see how someone in the 7<sup>th</sup> century looking up from the desert could have invented this myth.[[File:Milky Way Arch.jpg|center|500px]]<center><small>The Milky Way as observed from earth (fisheye view)</small></center>[[File:Forest fire.jpg|center|500px]]<center><small>Cloud of smoke rising on the horizon</small></center> | The apologist's claim then makes use of images of distant nebulae only visible through the aid of modern telescopes. These wispy, red and pink clouds of hydrogen gas are supposed to provide a visual connection to smoke. On the surface the comparison seems warranted. However, smoke is a thick, billowing substance that is always black, gray, or white. Given this fact, another image of the night sky is far more reminiscent of smoke than the distant nebulae above, and it can be seen with the naked eye right here on earth. It does not require divine revelation nor advanced scientific instruments to imagine the Milky Way as a cloud of smoke in the night sky. It is easy to see how someone in the 7<sup>th</sup> century looking up from the desert could have invented this myth.[[File:Milky Way Arch.jpg|center|500px]]<center><small>The Milky Way as observed from earth (fisheye view)</small></center>[[File:Forest fire.jpg|center|500px]]<center><small>Cloud of smoke rising on the horizon</small></center> | ||
===Qur'anic Verse in Context=== | ===Qur'anic Verse in Context=== | ||
After a description of the hot, dense, plasma of the early universe as "smoke" and the use of images of distant nebulae, the apologist then claims that the Qur'an is describing this early phase of the universe:{{Quote||The illuminating stars we see at night were, just as was the whole universe, in that ‘smoke’ material. God has said in the Quran: | After a description of the hot, dense, plasma of the early universe as "smoke" and the use of images of distant nebulae, the apologist then claims that the Qur'an is describing this early phase of the universe:{{Quote||The illuminating stars we see at night were, just as was the whole universe, in that ‘smoke’ material. God has said in the Quran: | ||
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The Qur'an also describes the process of creation of both the 'heavens', stars, and the Earth and its sustenance as one with continuous active participation from God (i.e., not just for the creation of existence itself), rather than a natural consequence of the rules of physics once the initial universe was created, contrary to modern scientific theories which have mapped out the process (based on physics) from the Big Bang to the present moment.<ref>''[https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/early-universe/ Early Universe: Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects that formed after the big bang]''. James Webb Space Telescope. NASA.</ref><ref>''[https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/early-universe/ The Big Bang.]'' NASA.</ref> | The Qur'an also describes the process of creation of both the 'heavens', stars, and the Earth and its sustenance as one with continuous active participation from God (i.e., not just for the creation of existence itself), rather than a natural consequence of the rules of physics once the initial universe was created, contrary to modern scientific theories which have mapped out the process (based on physics) from the Big Bang to the present moment.<ref>''[https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/early-universe/ Early Universe: Search for the first galaxies or luminous objects that formed after the big bang]''. James Webb Space Telescope. NASA.</ref><ref>''[https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/early-universe/ The Big Bang.]'' NASA.</ref> | ||
These verses also states the 'lamps, which are stars, were created/put in the | These verses also states the 'lamps, which are stars, were created/put in the caven after the Earth was already in existence, contrary to scientific consensus that the stars were crelosest heated first (and are continuously being destroyed and created naturally), with our own sun considered to be a third generation star.<ref>''[https://mobile.arc.nasa.gov/public/iexplore/missions/pages/yss/november.html Formation of the Solar System: Birth of Worlds.]'' Mobile.arc. NASA.</ref> In fact the majority of elements that make up Earth are believed to come from stars.<ref>''[https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/are-we-really-made-of-stardust.html Are we made of stardust?]'' Kerry Lotzof quoting Dr Ashley King. Natural History Museum website. </ref> There is also no differentiation in the process between the creation stars and planets (which formed similarly and at a cosmically similar time to Earth in our solar system) which were both believed to make up the lamps in the sky, as planets were believed to simply be moving stars.<ref>See for example [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Fixed_Stars ''The Book of Fixed Stars''] by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi ~ 964AD. Only after [https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/moon/galileos-observations-of-the-moon-jupiter-venus-and-the-sun/ Galileo's direct observations] (d. 1642) from his refined telescope did the understanding of them as 'worlds' begin to become more widespread. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
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The final piece of evidence is the claim that a renowned geologist supports the view that the information in the Qur'an could not have been of human origin:{{quote||Dr. Alfred Kroner is one of the world’s renowned geologists. He is Professor of Geology and the Chairman of the Department of Geology at the Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. He said: “Thinking where Muhammad came from . . . I think it is almost impossible that he could have known about things like the common origin of the universe, because scientists have only found out within the last few years, with very complicated and advanced technological methods, that this is the case.” Also he said: “Somebody who did not know something about nuclear physics fourteen hundred years ago could not, I think, be in a position to find out from his own mind, for instance, that the earth and the heavens had the same origin.”}}While Dr. Alfred Kroner was a geology professor in Germany, he never endorsed the Qur'an as being an accurate source of scientific information. A video interview conducted with Kroner in 2011 confirms that his comments from the 80s were taken out of context.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClHuG880pqU|title= Alfred Kröner - Quote mined scientist denounces Quran miracle claims|publisher= YouTube (video)|author= TheRationalizer|date= March 21, 2011|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> He currently does not endorse the Qur'anic view of creation nor did he at the time of the original interview. He affirms that parts of the Qur'an are not supported by modern scientific evidence and are completely unscientific and mythical. | The final piece of evidence is the claim that a renowned geologist supports the view that the information in the Qur'an could not have been of human origin:{{quote||Dr. Alfred Kroner is one of the world’s renowned geologists. He is Professor of Geology and the Chairman of the Department of Geology at the Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. He said: “Thinking where Muhammad came from . . . I think it is almost impossible that he could have known about things like the common origin of the universe, because scientists have only found out within the last few years, with very complicated and advanced technological methods, that this is the case.” Also he said: “Somebody who did not know something about nuclear physics fourteen hundred years ago could not, I think, be in a position to find out from his own mind, for instance, that the earth and the heavens had the same origin.”}}While Dr. Alfred Kroner was a geology professor in Germany, he never endorsed the Qur'an as being an accurate source of scientific information. A video interview conducted with Kroner in 2011 confirms that his comments from the 80s were taken out of context.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClHuG880pqU|title= Alfred Kröner - Quote mined scientist denounces Quran miracle claims|publisher= YouTube (video)|author= TheRationalizer|date= March 21, 2011|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> He currently does not endorse the Qur'anic view of creation nor did he at the time of the original interview. He affirms that parts of the Qur'an are not supported by modern scientific evidence and are completely unscientific and mythical. | ||
==Summary== | ==Summary== | ||
The entire argument rests on the Qur'anic description of the "heavens" as "smoke"; a claim which in-turn rests on a false equivalence made between smoke and the makeup of the early universe. It also presupposes that the Qur'anic author must describe something as complex as the earliest phase of the universe using only a single word. | The entire apologist argument rests on the Qur'anic description of the "heavens" as "smoke"; a claim which in-turn rests on a false equivalence made between smoke and the makeup of the early universe. It also presupposes that the Qur'anic author must describe something as complex as the earliest phase of the universe using only a single word. This is a presupposition that makes little sense and is far from convincing when you consider how such information could have validated the authenticity of the Qur'anic message. | ||
The attempt to show that the Qur'an correctly describes the formation of stars (by quoting a portion of Qur'an 41:11) and then the earth (by quoting Qur'an 21:30) is | The attempt to show that the Qur'an correctly describes the formation of stars (by quoting a portion of Qur'an 41:11) and then the earth (by quoting Qur'an 21:30) is disingenuous. When the whole of verse 41:11 and its surrounding verses are read in context, it provides a clear chronological account of the earth being formed first and then the hills and sustenance are created upon it. Only after the earth has been created does Allah create the stars. The entire account in the Qur'an is not an accurate reflection of the formation of the Universe. | ||
Then there is the use of images of distant nebulae only visible through the aid of modern telescopes that are meant to provide a visual connection to smoke. However, it does not require divine revelation nor advanced scientific instruments to imagine the Milky Way, something that can be seen with the naked eye right here on earth, as a cloud of smoke in the night sky. | Then there is the use of images of distant nebulae only visible through the aid of modern telescopes that are meant to provide a visual connection to smoke. However, it does not require divine revelation nor advanced scientific instruments to imagine the Milky Way, something that can be seen with the naked eye right here on earth, as a cloud of smoke in the night sky. | ||
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The Earth, like all the other planets in the solar system, started out its life as a disc of dust and gas orbiting the young sun. The dust particles were brought together by the forces of drag to form clumps of rock that grew into what scientists call “planetesimals,” which are tens to hundreds of miles across, and then to Mars-sized “protoplanets” by colliding with each other. Earth grew to its final size through one last major collision with another Mars-sized object. This last collision, also known as the “moon-forming impact,” was so large that—in addition to adding lots of material to the Earth—there was enough energy to vaporize some of the rock and metal from both the proto-Earth and the impacting object. This vapor formed a disc around the Earth that eventually cooled and clumped together to become the moon.<ref>''[https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/formation-earth-and-moon-explained How the Earth and moon formed, explained.]'' Explainer Series. Sasha Warren. University of Chicago News. </ref> | The Earth, like all the other planets in the solar system, started out its life as a disc of dust and gas orbiting the young sun. The dust particles were brought together by the forces of drag to form clumps of rock that grew into what scientists call “planetesimals,” which are tens to hundreds of miles across, and then to Mars-sized “protoplanets” by colliding with each other. Earth grew to its final size through one last major collision with another Mars-sized object. This last collision, also known as the “moon-forming impact,” was so large that—in addition to adding lots of material to the Earth—there was enough energy to vaporize some of the rock and metal from both the proto-Earth and the impacting object. This vapor formed a disc around the Earth that eventually cooled and clumped together to become the moon.<ref>''[https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/formation-earth-and-moon-explained How the Earth and moon formed, explained.]'' Explainer Series. Sasha Warren. University of Chicago News. </ref> | ||
Therefore this coming together of dust and rock pieces smashing into each other to grow in size and form the Earth | Therefore this coming together of dust and rock pieces smashing into each other to grow in size and form the Earth does not match the various descriptions of 'spreading' in the Quran. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||