Houri (Heavenly Virgin): Difference between revisions

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<metadesc>What the Qur'an, hadith and Islamic scholars say about the 72 Virgins, and popular misconceptions surrounding them</metadesc>
{{QualityScore|Lead=4|Structure=3|Content=3|Language=4|References=4}}
[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An artist impression of the 72 virgins. The Qur'an, hadith and Islamic scholars all mention that virgins will be awarded to Muslim men in Paradise.]]
[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An artist impression of the 72 virgins.]]
This article discusses what the [[Qur'an]], [[hadith]] and [[Islamic|Islamic]] scholars say about the 72 [[virgins]], and dispels popular misconceptions surrounding them.
==Sensual Paradise==


In Islam, the concept of 72 virgins (houri) refers to an aspect of Jannah ([[Heaven|Paradise]]). This concept is grounded in Qur'anic text which describe a sensual Paradise where believing men are rewarded by being wed<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref> to virgins with "full grown", "swelling" or "pears-shaped" breasts.<ref>Several translators like Hilali-Khan ([http://al-quran.info/default.aspx#&&sura=1&trans=en-hilali-khan&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Noble Quran, translated by Hilali-Khan]), Arthur John Arberry, Abdul Daryabadi, Umm Muhammad, Edward Henry Palmer, Ahmed Ali, John Medows Rodwell, Ali Ünal, George Sale, Muhammad Sarwar, and Tahir-ul-Qadri ([http://www.quranbrowser.com/ Quran browser], {{Qtt|78|33}}) have translated {{quran|78|33}} as referring to "full grown", "swelling" or "pears-shaped" breasts.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833">"''This [Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be fully rounded and not sagging, because they will be virgins, equal in age.''" - {{cite book |url=http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=78&tid=56825 |author=Ibn Kathir |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an |pages=333-334}}</ref>  
'''Houris''' (Arabic, various forms: حوري ,حورية ,حور ,أحور ,حوراء‎), or heavenly virgins, are a variety of celestial being that, according to [[Scriptures|Islamic scriptures]], serve as a key attraction of Heaven or [[Heaven|''Jannah'']] ([[Arabic]]: جنّة‎ '<nowiki/>'''Jannah''''; plural: ''Jannat''). Houris are  mentioned in [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] text as a reward for believing men in the afterlife. According to the Quran, once in Jannah, believers are wed to virgin houris who have "full grown", "swelling" or "pears-shaped" breasts.<ref name="Sura 44 54">"''Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.''" - {{Quran|44|54}}</ref><ref>Several translators like Hilali-Khan ([http://al-quran.info/default.aspx#&&sura=1&trans=en-hilali-khan&show=both,quran-uthmani&format=rows&ver=1.00 Noble Quran, translated by Hilali-Khan]), Arthur John Arberry, Abdul Daryabadi, Umm Muhammad, Edward Henry Palmer, Ahmed Ali, John Medows Rodwell, Ali Ünal, George Sale, Muhammad Sarwar, and Tahir-ul-Qadri ([http://www.quranbrowser.com/ Quran browser], {{Qtt|78|33}}) have translated {{quran|78|33}} as referring to "full grown", "swelling" or "pears-shaped" breasts.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833">"''This [Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be fully rounded and not sagging, because they will be virgins, equal in age.''" - {{cite book |url=http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=78&tid=56825 |author=Ibn Kathir |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an |pages=333-334}}</ref> The Quran provides a physical and personal description of the houri and denotes them as awards to believers. A [[hadith]] graded [[Sahih]] (authentic) details the number of houris that will be awarded to [[Martyr|martyrs]] (see "72 Virgins Hadith Narrations" below).


Contemporary mainstream Islamic scholars, for example; [[Gibril Haddad]], have commented on the erotic nature of the Qur'anic Paradise, by saying some men may need ghusl ([[ablution]] required after sexual discharge) just for hearing certain verses.<ref name="LI June 2003">"''Qur'an does mention that for the inhabitants of Paradise - male and female - {There wait on them immortal youths} (56:17), {There serve them youths of everlasting youth, whom, when you see them, you would take for scattered pearls} (76:19). If this does not make a believing woman happy then, as Imam al-Shafi`i said to the one who is not moved by erotic poetry, "You have no feelings." As for the believing men, as one of the Awliya said, some of them will need ghusl just for hearing the verse {Same-age young-bosomed girls} (78:33). As for us hard-hearted analphabets we may read it and read it without effect.''" - [{{Reference archive|1=http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/f/Sex_w.slaves.a.women.html|2=2011-05-22}} Sex with slaves and women's rights], Shaykh Gibril Haddad, Living Islam, June 2, 2003</ref>
Orthodox Muslim theologians such as [[al-Ghazali]] (1058 - 1111 CE) and al-Ash'ari (874 - 935 CE) have discussed the Houris as being rewards and pleasures found in heaven. Al-Ghazali, in particular, refers to a hadith that describes heaven as a [[Slavery|slave]] market where there will be "no buy and sale, but... If any man will wish to have sexual intercourse with a woman, he will do at once."<ref>"''Ali reported that the Apostle of Allah said, "There is in Paradise a market wherein there will be no buying or selling, but will consist of men and women. When a man desires a beauty, he will have intercourse with them.''" - Mishkat al-Masabih (edited by Maulana Fazlul Karim), Vol. 4, p. 172, No. 34</ref><ref name="Religious_Sciences3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali|quote=A man asked the Prophet : 0 Prophet of God, will the inmates of Paradise have sexual intercourse ? He said: Anybody among them will be given sexual strength of seven, persons among you. The Prophet said : An inmate of Paradise will have five hundred hurs, four thousand unmarried women and eight thousand widowed women. Each of them will keep embracing him for the duration of his whole worldly life time. He also said: There will be markets in Paradise in which there will be no buy and sale, but there will be men and women. If any man will wish to have sexual intercourse with a woman, he will do at once. The Hurs will sing in Paradise on divine purity and praise-we are most beautiful Hurs and we are for the honoured husbands.|series=Death and Subsequent Events 430 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref> The same hadith is quoted by Ibn Kathir, in his [[Tafsir|Qur'anic Commentary]], the Tafsir ibn Kathir<ref>[http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/55.51771.html These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an]</ref>. The houris are also described graphically by Qur'anic commentator and polymath, Al-Suyuti (died 1505), who, echoing a [[Sahih]] [[hadith]]<ref name="SP 4828">Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005</ref> from Ibn Majah,<ref name="Ibn Majah 39">"''Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an ever-erect penis.' ''" - Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39</ref> wrote that the perpetual virgins will all "have appetizing vaginas", and that the "penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal."<ref name="Al-Suyuti">"''Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry seventy [sic] houris, besides the women he married on earth, and all will have appetizing vaginas.''" - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351</ref>


Orthodox Muslim theologians such as al-Ghazali (died 1111 CE) and al-Ash'ari (died 935 CE) have all discussed the sensual pleasures found in Paradise. It is quoted by Ibn Kathir, in his [[Tafsir|Qur'anic Commentary]], the Tafsir ibn Kathir,<ref>[http://www.islam-universe.com/tafsir_ibn_kathir/55.51771.html These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an]</ref> and they are graphically described by Qur'anic commentator and polymath, al-Suyuti (died 1505), who, echoing a [[hasan]] hadith<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> from Ibn Majah,<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref> wrote that the perpetual virgins will all "have appetizing vaginas", and that the "penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal".<ref name="Al-Suyuti">"''Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry seventy [sic] houris, besides the women he married on earth, and all will have appetizing vaginas.''" - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351</ref>
The sensual nature of the houri awarded to believers are also confirmed by the two Sahih collections of hadith, namely [[Sahih Bukhari]]<ref name="Bukhari455544">"''Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "The first group of people who will enter Paradise, will be glittering like the full moon... Their wives will be houris ...''" - {{Bukhari|4|55|544}}</ref> and Sahih Muslim,<ref>Citation and new article needed</ref> which state that the houris will be virgins so beautiful and pure that there flesh will, in effect, be transparent: "the marrow of the bones of their legs will be seen through the bones and the flesh"<ref name="Bukhari454476">"''Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The first batch (of people) who will enter Paradise will be (glittering) like the full moon, and the batch next to them will be (glittering) like the most brilliant star in the sky. Their hearts will be as if the heart of a single man, for they will have neither enmity nor jealousy amongst themselves; everyone will have two wives from the houris, (who will be so beautiful, pure and transparent that) the marrow of the bones of their legs will be seen through the bones and the flesh.''" - {{Bukhari|4|54|476}}</ref>. "The believers", another hadith in Bukhari continues, "will visit and enjoy them [the houris]".<ref>"''Allah’s Apostle (The blessing and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "In Paradise there is a pavilion made of a single hollow pearl sixty miles wide, in each corner of which there are wives who will not see those in the other corners; and the believers will visit and enjoy them.''" - {{Bukhari|6|60|402}}</ref>


The sensual pleasures between believers and houri in Paradise are also confirmed by the two [[Sahih]] collections of hadith, namely Sahih Bukhari<ref name="Bukhari455544">"''Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "The first group of people who will enter Paradise, will be glittering like the full moon... Their wives will be houris ...''" - {{Bukhari|4|55|544}}</ref> and Sahih Muslim, where we read that they will be virgins who are so beautiful, pure and transparent that "the marrow of the bones of their legs will be seen through the bones and the flesh",<ref name="Bukhari454476">"''Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The first batch (of people) who will enter Paradise will be (glittering) like the full moon, and the batch next to them will be (glittering) like the most brilliant star in the sky. Their hearts will be as if the heart of a single man, for they will have neither enmity nor jealousy amongst themselves; everyone will have two wives from the houris, (who will be so beautiful, pure and transparent that) the marrow of the bones of their legs will be seen through the bones and the flesh.''" - {{Bukhari|4|54|476}}</ref> and that "the believers will visit and enjoy them".<ref>"''Allah’s Apostle (The blessing and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "In Paradise there is a pavilion made of a single hollow pearl sixty miles wide, in each corner of which there are wives who will not see those in the other corners; and the believers will visit and enjoy them.''" - {{Bukhari|6|60|402}}</ref>
==Authenticity==
 
The concept of houri can be found in major Islamic scriptures. The Quran, states believing males will be rewarded with virgins.<ref>"Verily for the Righteous there will be a fulfilment of (the heart's) desires; Gardens enclosed, and grapevines; And voluptuous women of equal age"
 
Qur'an 78:31-33</ref> Although it is frequently alleged that the hadiths regarding the houris are [[List of Fabricated Hadith|da`if]] (weak)<ref name=":0" /> or few (and even singular) in number, such narrations are in fact found in many hadith collections with varying levels of authenticity, including several that earn a grade of [[hasan]] (good) and [[sahih]] (authentic).<ref name=":0" />
 
For example, in the Sunan Ibn Majah, one of the six major hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html |title=Various Issues About Hadiths |publisher=Living Islam |author=Shaykh Gibril Haddad |date=April 4, 2003 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html&date=2011-05-22 |archivedate=2011-05-22 |deadurl=no}}</ref> a hasan (good)<ref name="SP 4828" /> narration states that every male admitted into [[heaven]] will be given eternal erections and wed to 72 wives, each having libidinous sexual organs.<ref name="Ibn Majah 39" /> Similarly, in another hadith attested in several hadith collections with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it is advanced that the [[Shaheed (Martyr)|shahid]] (martyr) will be married to seventy-two of "''al-hoor al-‘iyn''" ("the beautiful-eyed houris").<ref name="alMiqdaam">''It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:'' ''“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”'' ''According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten'' - Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan</ref><ref name="QA 8511">{{cite web|url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511 |title=The six blessings of the martyrs |publisher=Islam Q&A|series= Fatwa No. 8511 |author=Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511&date=2011-11-21 |archivedate=2011-11-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
Another narration in Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH" /> states that the smallest reward for the people of heaven is an abode housing seventy-two houris.<ref>"''It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.''" - Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687</ref> Although it is frequently argued that this hadith is da'if (weak)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/ |title=Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth |publisher=TheUglyTruth |author=Nashid Abdul-Khalliq |date=March 4, 2007 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>, it has been graded hasan and sahih by renowned scholars of hadith,<ref name="SP 4828" /> meaning this hadith is hasan (good), since it has several chains of transmitters, and also sahih (authentic), as the chains are all declared authentic by Imam Tirmidhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm |title=Imam Tirmidhi (209 - 279 H) |publisher=As-Sunnah Foundation of America |author= |date=February 20, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm&date=2012-02-20 |archivedate=2012-02-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
Also reported in Sunan Al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and declared sahih (authentic)<ref name="SP 4828" /> by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and Al-Hakim is a hadith that states that God's servants will be [[Marriage|married]] in heaven with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.<ref name="al Janna">"''Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”''" - Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar</ref>
 
Orthodox Muslim theologians have related further hadith that give us the exact number of 72, such as al-Ghazali who wrote, "[The Prophet said] the lowest rank of an inmate of heaven will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives."<ref name="Religious_Sciences4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |series=The Book of Constructive Virtues 431|author=Al Ghazzali|quote=The Prophet said to a man: 0 servant of God, if you enter Paradise, you will get what you will desire, what your eyes will be pleased with. The Prophet said : If an inmate of Paradise will wish to have a son born to him, he will get it. Its stay in womb, its weaning away from milk and its youth will come to pass at the same time. He also said : The inmantes of  Paradise will be beardless and hairless. Their colour will be white and their eyes painted with collyrium. They will be youths of 33 years of age. They will be sixty cubits long and seven cubits broad. He also said : The lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives. In short there will be such bliss in Paradise which no eye has seen, no ear has heard and no heart has conceived. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>


==Descriptions==
==Descriptions==


There are several descriptions related to houri that are found in various Islamic references. Some include:  
There are several descriptions regarding the houris that are found in various Islamic scriptures. Some include:  


'''Physical Attributes''':
'''Physical Attributes''':
:* Wide and beautiful/lovely eyes <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura52_20">"''They will recline (with ease) on Thrones (of dignity) arranged in ranks; and We shall join them to Companions, with beautiful big and lustrous eyes.''" - {{Quran|52|20}}</ref><ref name="Sura56_22"></ref>
[[File:78 33-Kawaiba.jpg|thumb|right|In addition to Quranic translations of 78:33 describing the virgins as being '''voluptuous'''<ref name="Sura78_33">"''And voluptuous women of equal age;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref>, Sahih International translates the verse as referring to ''"'''full-breasted''' [companions] of equal age"''. Tafsir al-Jalalayn, the famous Qur'anic exegesis, reads: ''"and '''buxom''' maidens (kawā‘ib is the plural of kā‘ib) of equal age (atrāb is the plural of tirb)"''. Elsewhere, in Tirmidhi and Tafsir ibn Kathir, it is elaborated that these are ''"'''large, round breasts''' which are not inclined to hang"''.<ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2" /><ref name="Kathir7833" /><br />]]
:* Like pearls <ref>"''Like unto Pearls well-guarded.''" - {{Quran|56|23}}</ref>
 
:* Hairless except the eye brows and the head <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638/>
:*Wide and beautiful/lovely eyes <ref name="Sura37_48" /><ref name="Sura52_20">"''They will recline (with ease) on Thrones (of dignity) arranged in ranks; and We shall join them to Companions, with beautiful big and lustrous eyes.''" - {{Quran|52|20}}</ref><ref name="Sura56_22">"''And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,-''" - {{Quran|56|22}}</ref>
[[File:78 33-Kawaiba.jpg|thumb|right|In addition to Quranic translations of 78:33 specifying the virgins will be [[wiktionary:voluptuous|'''voluptuous''']]<ref name="Sura78_33">"''And voluptuous women of equal age;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref>, Sahih International translates it as ''"'''full-breasted''' [companions] of equal age"''. Tafsir al-Jalalayn says ''"and '''buxom''' maidens (kawā‘ib is the plural of kā‘ib) of equal age (atrāb is the plural of tirb)"''. Several Islamic scholars explain that they will have ''"'''large, round breasts''' which are not inclined to hang"''.<ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2></ref><br /><br />[[Image:Brsts.jpg|167px|right]]]]
:*White skinned <ref name="Religious_Sciences">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
:* Beautiful <ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:*Like pearls <ref>"''Like unto Pearls well-guarded.''" - {{Quran|56|23}}</ref>
:* White <ref name=" Religious_Sciences">Al Ghazzali, [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm|2=2012-12-03}} Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4]</ref>  
:*Hairless except for the eye brows and the head <ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638" />
:* 60 cubits [27.5 meters] tall <ref name="Ibn_Kathir">[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=56&tid=51961 Ibn Kathir: The Reward of Those on the Right After]</ref><ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />  
:*60 cubits [27.5 meters] tall <ref name="Ibn_Kathir">[http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=56&tid=51961 Ibn Kathir: The Reward of Those on the Right After]</ref><ref name="Religious_Sciences" />
:* 7 cubits [3.2 meters] in width <ref name=" Religious_Sciences" />  
:*7 cubits [3.2 meters] in width <ref name="Religious_Sciences" />
:* Transparent to the marrow of their bones <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:*Transparent to the marrow of their bones <ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2" /><ref name="Bukhari454476" />
:* Eternally young <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638>Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638</ref>  
:*Eternally young <ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638">Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638</ref>
:* Companions of equal age <ref name="Sura78_33"/><ref name="Muhammad Asad - atrab"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That which must come to pass)(56):38, note 15</ref>  
:*Companions of equal age <ref name="Sura78_33" /><ref name="Muhammad Asad - atrab">Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That which must come to pass)(56):38, note 15</ref>


'''Sexual Attributes''':
'''Sexual Attributes''':
:* Untouched / with hymen unbroken by sexual intercourse <ref name="Sura55_56"/><ref name="Sura55_72_74">"''Companions restrained (as to their glances), in (goodly) pavilions;- Then which of the favours of your Lord will ye deny?- Whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;-''" - {{Quran-range|55|72|74}}</ref>  
 
:* Virgins <ref name="q56_36"></ref>  
:*Untouched <ref name="Sura55_56" /><ref name="Sura55_72_74">"''Companions restrained (as to their glances), in (goodly) pavilions;- Then which of the favours of your Lord will ye deny?- Whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;-''" - {{Quran-range|55|72|74}}</ref>
:* Voluptuous/full-breasted <ref name="Sura78_33"/>  
:*Virgins <ref name="q56_36" />
:* With large, round breasts which are not inclined to hang <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2> Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833"></ref>  
:*Voluptuous/full-breasted <ref name="Sura78_33" />  
:* Appetizing vaginas <ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref>
:**The word used is كواعب (''kawaa'ib''), which is a plural of كاعب (''kaa'ib'') and the meaning according to the al-Ma'any dictionary is نَاهِدَةُ الثَّدْيِ (''naahida thadee''), that is "buxom breast" <ref>https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8/</ref>.
:*With large, round breasts which are not inclined to hang <ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2">Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.</ref><ref name="Kathir7833" />
:*Appetizing vaginas <ref name="Al-Suyuti" />


'''Personality Attributes''':
'''Personality Attributes''':
:* Chaste <ref name="Sura37_48">"''And besides them will be chaste women, restraining their glances, with big eyes (of wonder and beauty).''" - {{Quran|37|48}}</ref>  
 
:* Restraining their glances <ref name="Sura37_48"/><ref name="Sura55_56">"''In them will be (Maidens), chaste, restraining their glances, whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;-''" - {{Quran|55|56}}</ref>  
:*Chaste <ref name="Sura37_48">"''And besides them will be chaste women, restraining their glances, with big eyes (of wonder and beauty).''" - {{Quran|37|48}}</ref>
:* Modest gaze <ref name="Muhammad Asad-modest gaze"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Sad (38):52</ref>  
:*Restraining their glances <ref name="Sura37_48" /><ref name="Sura55_56">"''In them will be (Maidens), chaste, restraining their glances, whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;-''" - {{Quran|55|56}}</ref>
:*Modest gaze <ref name="Muhammad Asad-modest gaze">Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Sad (38):52</ref>


'''Other Attributes''':
'''Other Attributes''':
:* Splendid <ref name="Muhammad Asad -Kawa'ib"> Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an, Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003) Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) An-Naba (The Tiding)(78):33, note 16</ref>
:* Pure <ref name="Bukhari454476"></ref>
:* Non-menstruating / non-urinating/ non-defecating and childfree <ref name=Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2/><ref name=" Religious_Sciences2">"''The Prophet said: If a woman of Paradise would have peeped up into this world everything therein would have been illuminated and filled up with fragrance. Every hair of her head is better than than the earth and its treasures. God says : They are like Eakut and Marjan. If their faces are seen within screen, they will be more clear than mirrors and the smallest jewel therein will illuminate what is in the heaven and earth. The Prophet said : In the night in which I was taken to heaven, I entered a place in Paradise named Baidakh whose camps are of emeralds and green pearls and red Eakut. They asked : 0 Prophet of God, Salam to you. I asked : 0 Gebrail, whose sound is there ? He said : of the beautiful women in camps. They seek your permission to salute you. So give them permission. They will be saying : We are pleased therewith. We will never be dissatisfied. We will remain here forever, we will never travel. Then he recited the verse : The beautiful damsels detained in camps. In another verse : Pure women. Muzaher explained this by saying that they will be free menstruation, urine, stool, cough and children.''" - Al Ghazzali, [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm|2=2012-12-03}} Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4], Death and Subsequent Events 430</ref><BR><BR>


==Authenticity==
:*Splendid <ref name="Muhammad Asad -Kawa'ib">Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an, Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003) Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) An-Naba (The Tiding)(78):33, note 16</ref>
:*Pure <ref name="Bukhari454476" />
:*Non-menstruating / non-urinating/ non-defecating and childfree <ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2" /><ref name="Religious_Sciences2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali |quote=The Prophet said: If a woman of Paradise would have peeped up into this world everything therein would have been illuminated and filled up with fragrance. Every hair of her head is better than than the earth and its treasures. God says : They are like Eakut and Marjan. If their faces are seen within screen, they will be more clear than mirrors and the smallest jewel therein will illuminate what is in the heaven and earth. The Prophet said : In the night in which I was taken to heaven, I entered a place in Paradise named Baidakh whose camps are of emeralds and green pearls and red Eakut. They asked : 0 Prophet of God, Salam to you. I asked : 0 Gebrail, whose sound is there ? He said : of the beautiful women in camps. They seek your permission to salute you. So give them permission. They will be saying : We are pleased therewith. We will never be dissatisfied. We will remain here forever, we will never travel. Then he recited the verse : The beautiful damsels detained in camps. In another verse : Pure women. Muzaher explained this by saying that they will be free menstruation, urine, stool, cough and children. |series=Death and Subsequent Events 430 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
:*Never dissatisfied <ref name="Religious_Sciences2" />
:*Will sing praise <ref name="Religious_Sciences3" />
 
==Association with Martyrdom==
 
Although suicide is clearly forbidden in Islam<ref>''"Do not kill yourselves. Verily, Allah is merciful to you. And, whoever does that, out of animosity and , We shall burn him in a Fire. And that is easy for Allah."'' Qur'an, 4:29-30</ref>, the matter of deliberate/pre-meditated [[Martyr|martyrdom]] in battle (e.g. suicide bombing) has, as is typical with [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)|legal rulings]], left Islamic scholars divided.
 
In 2018, a book detailing a fatwa against suicide bombings was issued on behalf of 1,800 Pakistani clerics.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-religion-idUSKBN1F50L3 Pakistan clerics issue fatwa against suicide bombings] Reuters 16 January 2018</ref> In 2010 a Pakistani-Canadian cleric, Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri, issued a 600 page [[w:Fatwa on Terrorism|Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings]] in Urdu and English to refute the ideology of al-Qaeda and the Taliban, and was endorsed by the prestigious al-Azhar University in Cairo.
 
Notable scholars such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,<ref name="Faisal">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians |title=Bombing for God (Special report: Israel and the Middle East) |publisher=The Guardian |author=Faisal Bodi |date=August 28, 2001 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and Dr. [[Zakir Naik]], known for his advocacy of "[[Islam and Science|Qur'anic science]]", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.<ref>Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi - [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545134 Palestinian Women Carrying Out Martyr Operations] - Islam Online, November 6, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtZxNqxpb8s Is Suicide Bombing allowed in Islam? By Dr. Zakir Naik] (a YouTube video posted by PeaceTVUK on September 20, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks |title=Pakistan Ulema Permits Suicide Attacks |publisher=TOLOnews |author=Abdul Haq Omari |date=March 2, 2013 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks&date=2013-03-05 |archivedate=2013-03-05 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Opinion polls following 9/11 found that an extremely large number of persons in Muslim-majority countries supported the practice.<ref name="Faisal" /><ref name="JP">Michael Freund - [http://web.archive.org/web/20070210015156/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467849587&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Right On: The straightforward arithmetic of jihad] - The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm |title=65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report |publisher=Mid Day |author=Khalid A-H Ansari |date=March 27, 2004 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm&date=2012-02-11 |archivedate=2012-02-11 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610 |title=One in eight UK Muslims 'support terrorist attacks' |publisher=Scotsman.com |author= |date=March 15, 2004 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610&date=2012-02-04 |archivedate=2012-02-04 |deadurl=no}}</ref> However, a decade or more since then, surveys have found a trend of increasing majorities who disapprove of al Qaeda and suicide attacks against civilians in most Muslim countries.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2013/09/10/muslim-publics-share-concerns-about-extremist-groups/ Widespread concerns about extremism in Muslim nations, and little support for it] Pew Research Centrue, 2015</ref><ref>
[https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2014/07/01/concerns-about-islamic-extremism-on-the-rise-in-middle-east/ Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East] Pew Research Centrue, 2014</ref>
 
The Quran states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.<ref name="q56_36">"''Then We have made them virgins''" - {{Quran|56|36}}</ref> However, the Quran does also mention that those who [[The Meaning of Qatal|fight]] in the way of Allah ([[jihad]]) and get killed will be given a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74">"''Let those (believers) Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter fight in the cause of Allah and whoso fights in the cause of Allah, - and is slain or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.''" - {{Quran|4|74}}</ref> and there exist hasan (good) hadith<ref name="QA 8511" /> which refer to the 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.<ref name="alMiqdaam" /> This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice martyrdom.
 
This phenomena can be witnessed in Palestine, where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=The model Palestinian mother sends her son to die as Martyr, thereby marrying him off |publisher=Al-Hayat Al-Jadida |author= |date=January 8, 2012 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and [[music]] videos, both airing on official television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon |publisher=Al-Aqsa TV (Hamas) |author= |date=January 1, 2010 |quote= |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565 |title=Beautiful virgins await Muslim Martyrs in Paradise |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565&date=2012-02-21 |archivedate=2012-02-21 |deadurl=no}} - Palestinian TV (Fatah), February 7, 2010 (1 min)</ref> It has even been used in the United Kingdom, where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in heaven if they died as religious martyrs.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2687797.stm British martyrs 'promised 72 virgins'] - BBC News, January 23, 2003</ref>
 
==Modern views==
 
===White Rasins===
This claim originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern scholar writing under a pseudonym, in his controversial work ''The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran''. In his work, Luxenberg suggests that the term houri actually meant to describe "white raisins." His broader thesis, which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm |title=Missionary, dilettante or visionary? A review of Ch. Luxenberg, Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Qur'an |publisher=Livius |author=Richard Kroes |date=February 19, 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> is that the Quran was drawn from [[People of the Book|Christian]] Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8<sup>th</sup> century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y |title=The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran |publisher=Chiesa press |author=Sandro Magister |date=March 17, 2004 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been [[Mistranslations of Islamic Scripture (English)|mistranslated]] by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL |title=Revisionist historians argue Koran has been mistranslated |publisher=New York Times |author=Alexander Stille |date=March 2, 2002 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL&date=2012-02-19 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
The Quran describes the physical characteristics of the houris in many places, such as, large eyes,<ref name="Sura56_22" /> big breasts,<ref name="Sura78_33" /> chaste,<ref name="Sura55_56" /> and restraining their glances.<ref name="Sura55_56" /> The Quran further states that men will be wed to these houri.<ref name="Sura 44 54" /> These relevant verses suggest that Luxenberg's "white rasins" theory is in error.
 
===Virgins only mentioned in hadith not Quran===
Although the Quran does not mention the exact number of virgins, it does state that Muslim men will be awarded with (multiple) virgins in heaven.<ref name="q56_36" /> The Quran describes some of their physical attributes and personality traits<ref name="Sura56_22" /><ref name="Sura78_33" /><ref name="Sura55_56" />. 


Whilst there are numerous sources, including the Qur'an,  which tell us believing males will be rewarded with virgins, many who are concerned about the [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|authenticity of the 72 virgins concept]] are under the misconception that there is only one weak ([[List of Fabricated Hadith|da`if]]) reference to the exact number of houri given to them. These narrations are in fact found in many hadith collections with varying levels of authenticity, ranging from hasan (good) to [[sahih]] (authentic).
The number of houris are confirmed in multiple hadiths.<ref name=":0" /> Also worth noting is that hadiths are a [[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|crucial part of Islam]], and that approaching any Orthodox construction of the religion is essentially impossible their absence. Nonetheless, the great majority of hadiths are acknowledged as being of weak authenticity, particularly legal traditions (which form the basis of much of the [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)]] and those detailing the ''fada'il'' or "virtues" or various religious figures and theological entities - Indeed, Islamic scholars have, throughout history, accused one another of arbitrarily dismissing and favoring certain sets of weak hadiths to justify their varying doctrinal positions. Indeed, n this context and given their subject matter, the hadiths regarding the houris can fairly be considered to be, on the whole, exceptionally well-attested.  


For example, in the Sunan Ibn Majah, one of the six major Hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH"></ref> it states in a hasan (good)<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> narration that every male admitted into Paradise will be given eternal erections and wed to 72 wives, all with libidinous sex organs.<ref name="Ibn Majah 39">"''Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an ever-erect penis.' ''" - Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39</ref> Similarly in another hadith with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it states that the martyr ([[shahid]]) will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn.<ref name="alMiqdaam">''It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:'' ''“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”'' ''According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten'' - Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan</ref><ref name="QA 8511">Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511|2=2011-11-21}} The six blessings of the martyrs] - Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 8511</ref>
====The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu' (fabricated)====
The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).<ref name="SP 4828" /> Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. There are many quoted narrations that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic)<ref name=":0" />. See the section on "Authenticity" above for more details.


In the Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major Hadith collections,<ref name="VIRH">Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html|2=2011-05-22}} Various Issues About Hadiths] - Living Islam, April 4, 2003</ref> it states that the smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode with seventy-two houri.<ref>"''It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.''" - Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687</ref> Note that this is not a "weak Hadith that has no Sanad (chain of narrators)", as some have claimed.<ref>Nashid Abdul-Khalliq - [{{Reference archive|1=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/|2=2012-02-20}} Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth] - TheUglyTruth, March 4, 2007</ref> It has been graded hasan sahih gharib,<ref name="SP 4828">Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005</ref> meaning this hadith is hasan since it has several chains of transmitters, it is sahih as the chains are all authentic and it is gharib in the words that Imam Tirmidhi narrated.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm|2=2012-02-20}} Imam Tirmidhi (209 - 279 H)] - As-Sunnah Foundation of America, accessed February 20, 2012</ref>
===Houris are only servants and not for sexual purposes===
The Quran details that houris are chaste virgins that have big breasts, resulting in the clear implication of the houris' sexual purpose.<ref name="q56_36" /> While the Quran does not explicitly state they are for sexual purposes this is mentioned in [[Qur%27an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality#Paradise|other Islamic sources]]. One such hadith states "The believer will be given such and such strength in heaven for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.<ref name="Masabih XLII">"''The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the strength of one hundred persons.''" - Mishkat al-Masabih Book IV, Chapter XLII, Paradise and Hell, Hadith Number 24</ref><ref name="Religious_Sciences5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm |title=Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4 |author=Al Ghazzali|quote=Once a Jewish learned man came to the Prophet and asked him : Who will first cross the Bridge? He said : The poor refugees : The Jew asked again : When they will enter paradise, what food will be served to them first? He said : Roasts of the livers of fish. He asked again : What will be their morning lunch? He said : Cows of paradise will be slaughtered for them. He said : What drink will be given to them? He said They will be given drink of Salsabil. The Jew said : You have spoken the truth. Once a Jew asked the Prophet : Do you think that the inmates of paradise will eat and drink? The Prophet said Yes, by One in whose hand there is my life, each one of them will be given food, drink and strength of one hundred man to have sexual intercourse. The Jew asked : Will he have any necessity of passing urine and stools? The Prophet said : In place of urine and stool, perspiration will come out of them like camphor and as a result their stomach will be cleared therefor. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm&date=2012-12-03 |archivedate=2012-12-03 |deadurl=no}}, The Book of Constructive Virtues 429</ref>


Also reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and declared sahih (authentic)<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim is the hadith that states the servant in Paradise will be [[Marriage|married]] with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.<ref name="al Janna">"''Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”''" - Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar</ref>
===Houris are for both men and women===
The Quran indicates that houris will be "untouched before them by both man and jinni" <ref>Untouched before them by man or jinni


==Virgins or Raisins?==
[https://quranx.com/55.74 Quran - 55:74]</ref> Implying that they are females that are awarded to men. While Islamic scholars have at times maintained the existence of equivalent or analogous male companions for females in paradise, the word "houris" in particular which features in Islamic scriptures refers specifically to the nymph-like virgins of paradise discussed here.<ref>{{Citation|last=Salih al-Munajjid|first=Sh. Muhammad|title=Fatwa 25843: Objection to the fact that a man will have hoor ‘iyn who will share her husband with her|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/25843/objection-to-the-fact-that-a-man-will-have-hoor-iyn-who-will-share-her-husband-with-her|publication-date=16-04-2003|publisher=Islam Question & Answer}}</ref>
==Relevant Quotations==


This false myth of "[[Virgins or Raisins?|white raisins]]" originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern author writing under a pseudonym.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Luxenberg|2=2012-02-19}} Christoph Luxenberg] - Wikipedia, accessed February 19, 2012</ref> His anti-Islamic claim,<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Syro-Aramaic_Reading_of_the_Koran|2=2012-02-19}} The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran] - Wikipedia, accessed February 19, 2012</ref> which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",<ref>Richard Kroes - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm|2=2012-02-19}} Missionary, dilettante or visionary? A review of Ch. Luxenberg, Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Qur'an] - Livius, accessed February 19, 2012</ref> is that the Qur'an was drawn from [[Islam and the People of the Book|Christian]] Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8<sup>th</sup> century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,<ref>Sandro Magister - [{{Reference archive|1=http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y|2=2012-02-19}} The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran] - Chiesa press, March 17, 2004</ref> and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been [[Mistranslated Verses|mistranslated]] by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).<ref>Alexander Stille - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL|2=2012-02-19}} Revisionist historians argue Koran has been mistranslated] - New York Times, March 2, 2002</ref>
===Qur'an===
{{Quote|{{quran-range|36|55|58}}|Lo! those who merit paradise this day are <b>happily employed</b>, They and <b>their wives</b>, in pleasant shade, on thrones reclining; Theirs the fruit (of their good deeds) and <b>theirs (all) that they ask</b>; The word from a Merciful Lord (for them) is: Peace!}}{{Quote|{{Quran-range|37|48|49}}|And with them are those <b>of modest gaze</b>, with lovely eyes, <b>(Pure) as they were hidden eggs (of the ostrich)</b>.}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|38|49|54}}|This is a reminder. And lo! for those who ward off (evil) is a happy journey's end, Gardens of Eden, whereof the gates are opened for them, Wherein, reclining, they call for plenteous fruit and cool drink (that is) therein. And with them are <b>those of modest gaze, companions.</b> This it is that ye are promised for the Day of Reckoning. Lo! this in truth is Our provision, which will never waste away.}}
{{Quote|{{quran-range|44|51|57}}|Lo! those who kept their duty will be in a place secured. Amid gardens and watersprings, Attired in silk and silk embroidery, <b>facing one another. Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.</b> They call therein for every fruit in safety. They taste not death therein, save the first death. And He hath saved them from the doom of hell, A bounty from thy Lord. That is the supreme triumph.}}
{{Quote|{{quran-range|52|17|20}}|Lo! those who kept their duty dwell in gardens and delight, Happy because of what their Lord hath given them, and (because) their Lord hath warded off from them the torment of hell-fire. (And it is said unto them): Eat and drink in health (as a reward) for what ye used to do, Reclining on ranged couches. <b>And we wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.</b> . . .}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|55|46|77}}|But for him who feareth the standing before his Lord there are two gardens. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Of spreading branches. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein are two fountains flowing. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein is every kind of fruit in pairs. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Reclining upon couches lined with silk brocade, the fruit of both the gardens near to hand. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Therein are <b>those of modest gaze, whom neither man nor jinni will have touched before them.</b> Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? <b>(In beauty) like the jacynth and the coral-stone.</b> Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Is the reward of goodness aught save goodness? Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? And beside them are two other gardens, Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Dark green with foliage. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein are two abundant springs. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein is fruit, the date-palm and pomegranate. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? <b>Wherein (are found) the good and beautiful</b> - Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? - <b>Fair ones, close-guarded in pavilions</b> - Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? - <b>Whom neither man nor jinni will have touched before them</b> - Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? <b>Reclining on green cushions and fair carpets.</b>}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|56|7|40}}|And ye will be three kinds: (First) those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand? And (then) those on the left hand; what of those on the left hand? And the foremost in the race, the foremost in the race: Those are they who will be brought nigh In gardens of delight; A multitude of those of old And a few of those of later time. On lined couches, Reclining therein face to face. There wait on them immortal youths With bowls and ewers and a cup from a pure spring Wherefrom they get no aching of the head nor any madness, And fruit that they prefer And flesh of fowls that they desire. <b>And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes, Like unto hidden pearls, Reward for what they used to do.</b> There hear they no vain speaking nor recrimination (Naught) but the saying: Peace, (and again) Peace. And those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand? Among thornless lote-trees And clustered plantains, And spreading shade, And water gushing, And fruit in plenty Neither out of reach nor yet forbidden, And raised couches; <b>Lo! We have created them a (new) creation And made them virgins, Lovers, friends, For those on the right hand</b>; A multitude of those of old And a multitude of those of later time.}}{{Quote|{{quran-range|78|31|38}}|Lo! for the duteous is achievement - Gardens enclosed and vineyards, And <b>voluptuous women of equal age</b>; And a full cup. There hear they never vain discourse, nor lying - Requital from thy Lord - a gift in payment - Lord of the heavens and the earth, and (all) that is between them, the Beneficent; with Whom none can converse.}}


The Qur'an describes the physical characteristics of the houri in many places, and a reading of relevant verses show that Luxenberg's theory regarding heavenly white raisins is in error.
===Hadith===
{{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||5|37|4337}}|It was narrated from Abu Umamah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:


Raisins, which are dried grapes, cannot have large eyes,<ref name="Sura56_22">"''And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,-''" - {{Quran|56|22}}</ref> big breasts,<ref name="Sura78_33">"''And voluptuous women of equal age;''" - {{Quran|78|33}}</ref> cannot restrain their glances,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> cannot be described as chaste,<ref name="Sura55_56"></ref> or have any of the characteristics listed above. The Qur'an further states that men will be wed to these houri.<ref name="Sura 44 54">"''Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes.''" - {{Quran|44|54}}</ref> Men cannot be married to raisins or white grapes.
“There is no one whom Allah will admit to Paradise but '''Allah will marry him to seventy-two wives''', two from houris and seventy from his inheritance from the people of Hell, '''all of whom will have desirable''' [شَهِيٌّ, translated here as "desirable", is used to refer to''' "food" that is "delicious, or sweet" '''<ref>[http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h587,ll=1661,ls=h4,la=h2355,sg=h580,ha=h393,br=h527,pr=h88,aan=h318,mgf=h489,vi=h218,kz=h1294,mr=h353,mn=h749,uqw=h899,umr=h587,ums=h494,umj=h436,ulq=h1041,uqa=h230,uqq=h183,bdw=h502,amr=h354,asb=h523,auh=h854,dhq=h302,mht=h492,msb=h132,tla=h64,amj=h428,ens=h552,mis=h2131 Lane's Lexicon شَهِيٌّ]</ref>] '''front passages''' [قُبُلٌ, translated here as "front passages", refers to "the anterior pudendum" or''' "vulva, and vagina"'''<ref>[http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h587,ll=h1661,ls=4,la=h2355,sg=h580,ha=h393,br=h527,pr=h88,aan=h318,mgf=h489,vi=h218,kz=h1294,mr=h353,mn=h749,uqw=h899,umr=h587,ums=h494,umj=h436,ulq=h1041,uqa=h230,uqq=h183,bdw=h502,amr=h354,asb=h523,auh=h854,dhq=h302,mht=h492,msb=h132,tla=h64,amj=h428,ens=h552,mis=h2131 Lane's Lexicon Supplement قُبُلٌ]</ref>] and '''he will have a male member''' [ذَكَرٌ, translated here as "male member", refers to''' "the male organ of generation; the penis" '''and a an adjectival form of the word is used to describe "herbs, or leguminous plants, that are hard and thick"<ref>[http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h371,ll=1013,ls=h5,la=h1507,sg=h406,ha=h241,br=h353,pr=h60,aan=h200,mgf=h324,vi=h152,kz=h786,mr=h242,mn=h448,uqw=h575,umr=h386,ums=h320,umj=h268,ulq=h754,uqa=h138,uqq=h111,bdw=h336,amr=h236,asb=h313,auh=h594,dhq=h190,mht=h314,msb=h86,tla=h50,amj=h258,ens=h191,mis=h718 Lane's Lexicon ذَكَرٌ]</ref>] '''that never becomes flaccid (i.e., soft and limp)'''.’”}}


Additionally, for someone to accept this "72 raisins" theory, they would also have to accept that the Qur'an was not written by [[Allah]] or revealed to the Prophet [[Muhammad]] in Arabic during the 7<sup>th</sup> century, but was in fact written by Christian evangelists in Syro-Aramaic during the 8<sup>th</sup> century.
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||3|20|1663}}; see more hadiths to this effect [https://web.archive.org/web/20200611020335/https://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/sp2-gfh_e.html#9 here]|Narrated Al-Miqdam bin Ma'diykarib:


==Terrorism==
That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There are six things with Allah for the martyr. He is forgiven with the first flow of blood (he suffers), he is shown his place in Paradise, he is protected from punishment in the grave, secured from the greatest terror, the crown of dignity is placed upon his head - and its gems are better than the world and what is in it - '''he is married to seventy two wives along Al-Huril-'Ayn of Paradise''', and he may intercede for seventy of his close relatives." [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.}}{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||4|36|2536}}|Anas narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w) said:


[[Suicide]] is clearly forbidden in Islam, but the [[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|permissibility of martyrdom operations]] (Istishhad) is an altogether different topic, with scholars being split on the issue.
"The believer shall be given in paradise such and such strength '''in intercourse'''." it was said: "O Messenger of Allah! And will he able to do that?" He said: "'''He will be given the strength of a hundred.'''"}}{{Quote|[https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86/37 Musnad Imam Ahmad vol. 4, chapter 37, hadith 18509]; see also: Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar|[Zayd ibn Arqam narrated] "The messenger of Allah said, 'Indeed a man from the people of Paradise will be given '''the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, pleasure, and coitus'''.'}}


Notable scholars and apologists such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,<ref name="Faisal">Faisal Bodi - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians|2=2012-02-21}} Bombing for God (Special report: Israel and the Middle East)] - The Guardian, August 28, 2001</ref> and [[Dr.]] [[Zakir Naik]], known for his advocacy of "[[Islam and Science|Qur'anic science]]", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.<ref>Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi - [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545134 Palestinian Women Carrying Out Martyr Operations] - Islam Online, November 6, 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtZxNqxpb8s Is Suicide Bombing allowed in Islam? By Dr. Zakir Naik] (a YouTube video posted by PeaceTVUK on September 20, 2008</ref> Opinion polls have further shown that an [[Muslim Statistics (Terrorism)‎|extremely large number]] of Muslims from around the world support the practice.<ref name="Faisal"></ref><ref name="JP">Michael Freund - [http://web.archive.org/web/20070210015156/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1167467849587&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Right On: The straightforward arithmetic of jihad] - The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2007</ref><ref>Khalid A-H Ansari - [{{Reference archive|1=http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm|2=2012-02-11}} 65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report] - Mid Day, March 27, 2004</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610|2=2012-02-04}} One in eight UK Muslims 'support terrorist attacks'] - Scotsman.com, March 15, 2004</ref>
===Scholars===
{{Quote|1=[https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/78/33 Tafsir Ibn Kathir 78:33]|2=This '''[Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts'''. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be '''fully rounded and not sagging''', because they will be virgins, equal in age.}}The following hadith is cited by Ghazali in the ''Ihya'' and has been identified as sahih (authentic) in a critical commentary on the ''Ihya''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din|author=Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi|publisher=Dar al-Fikr|location=Lebanon|volume=10|page=545}}</ref>{{Quote|{{citation | title= Ihya Ulum al-Din | last=al-Ghazali | publisher=Dar al-Minhaj | volume=9 | page=619}}|[Mujahid said] "The Huris of Paradise will be pure women—'''free of menstruation, stool, urine, saliva, cough, female-ejaculation and children'''"}}The following hadiths are cited by Ghazali in the ''Ihya'' and have been identified as hasan (good) in a critical commentary on the ''Ihya''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din|author=Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi|publisher=Dar al-Fikr|location=Lebanon|volume=10|pages=545-547}}</ref>
{{Quote|{{citation | title= Ihya Ulum al-Din | last=al-Ghazali | publisher=Dar al-Minhaj | volume=9 | page=619}}|[Muhammad is narrated to have said] "An inmate of Paradise will be given '''in a single day the sexual strength of more than 70 men''' from amongst you"}}{{Quote|{{citation | title= Ihya Ulum al-Din | last=al-Ghazali | publisher=Dar al-Minhaj | volume=9 | page=620}}|[Muhammad is narrated to have said] "'''The Huris will sing in Paradise: we are most beautiful Huris and we are concealed for the honoured husbands'''"}}
The following hadiths is cited by Ghazali in the ''Ihya'' and has been identified as da'if (weak) in a critical commentary on the ''Ihya''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din|author=Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi|publisher=Dar al-Fikr|location=Lebanon|volume=10|page=546}}</ref>
{{Quote|{{citation | title= Ihya Ulum al-Din | last=al-Ghazali | publisher=Dar al-Minhaj | volume=9 | page=620}}|[Muhammad is narrated to have said] "An inmate of Paradise will have '''500 Hurs, 4,000 virgins and 8,000 widowed women'''. He will keep embracing each of them for the duration of his whole worldly life"}}
The following hadiths is cited by Ghazali in the ''Ihya'' and has been identified as [[Mawdu' (Fabricated Hadith)|mawdu (fabricated)]] in a critical commentary on the ''Ihya''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din|author=Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi|publisher=Dar al-Fikr|location=Lebanon|volume=10|page=530}}</ref>
{{Quote|{{citation | title= Ihya Ulum al-Din | last=al-Ghazali | publisher=Dar al-Minhaj | volume=9 | page=608}}|The Prophet was asked regarding the statement of Allah, “The fine buildings in Eden Paradise.” The Prophet replied, “[These] palaces [are built] of pearls and in each building there will be 70 rooms of red rubies and in each room 70 sub-rooms of green emeralds and in each sub-room there will be one throne and over each throne 70 beds of varied colours and on each bed a hur al-ayn. There will be 70 table spreads in each room and 70 kinds of food in each table spread. '''There will be 70 maids in each room. Each believer will be given such strength in the morning as he can cohabit with each of them.'''}}
==72 Virgins Hadith Narrations==
Shaykh [[Gibril Haddad]] is a hadith expert (muhaddith),<ref name="The 500">Edited by Prof. John Esposito and Prof. Ibrahim Kalin - [http://thebook.org/books_pdf/500Muslims_2009.pdf The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94)] - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, 2009</ref> recognized as one of the world’s leading authorities on the [[Islamic Law|Shari’ah]].<ref>[http://kitaabun.com/shopping3/product_info.php?products_id=2519 The Refutation of him who attributes direction to Allah] - Kitaabun, accessed May 6, 2011</ref> In 2009, he was listed amongst the inaugural "500 most influential Muslims in the world," and was referred to as "one of the clearest voices of traditional Islam in the West".<ref name="The 500" /> The following borrows mainly from a 2005 [[fatwa]] issued by him.<ref>Shaykh Gibril Haddad - [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?] - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005</ref>
===Reported in Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Sunan al-Tirmidhi===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal , Sunan al-Tirmidhi]|2= “For the Shahid in the Divine presence there will be six qualities: [1] he will be forgiven from the first moment his blood is spilled; [2] he shall see his seat in Paradise and be protected against the punishment of the grave; [3] he shall be safe from the Greatest Terror [the rising of the dead]; [4] he shall be crowned with the diadem of dignity, one ruby of which is worth more than the entire world and its contents; [5] he shall be coupled with '''seventy-two''' spouses from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise; and [6] he shall be granted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”}}This is a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith (hasan sahih gharib).”{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Sunan al-Tirmidhi Vol. IV, ch. 21, hadith 2687]|2= Abu Sa`id al-Khudri said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:


The Qur'an states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.<ref name="q56_36">"''Then We have made them virgins''" - {{Quran|56|36}}</ref> However, the Qur'an does also mention that those who [[The Meaning of Qatal|fight]] in the way of Allah ([[jihad]]) and get killed will be given a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74">"''Let those (believers) Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter fight in the cause of Allah and whoso fights in the cause of Allah, - and is slain or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.''" - {{Quran|4|74}}</ref> and there are also hasan (good) hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice other Muslims into carrying out "martyrdom operations" for Islam.
“The humblest of the People of Paradise shall have eighty thousand servants and '''seventy-two''' wives. A palace of pearl and peridot (a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone) and sapphire shall be erected for him as wide as the distance between al-Jabiya [a valley about 70 kms. East of Makka] and San`a’ [in Yemen].” }}
===Reported in Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur]|2= Abu Umama said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:


This is witnessed in [[Palestinian Authority area|Palestine]], where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565|2=2012-02-21}} The model Palestinian mother sends her son to die as Martyr, thereby marrying him off] - Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, January 8, 2012</ref> and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and [[music]] [[videos]], both airing on official television.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565|2=2012-02-21}} 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon] - Al-Aqsa TV (Hamas), January 1, 2010</ref><ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565|2=2012-02-21}} Beautiful virgins await Muslim Martyrs in Paradise] - Palestinian TV (Fatah), February 7, 2010 (1 min)</ref> It has even been used in the [[United Kingdom]], where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles  with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in paradise if they died as religious martyrs.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2687797.stm British martyrs 'promised 72 virgins'] - BBC News, January 23, 2003</ref>
“None is made to enter Paradise by Allah Most High except Allah Most High shall marry him to '''seventy-two wives''', two of them from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise and '''seventy''' of them his inheritance from the People of Hellfire, not one of them but her attraction never lags nor his arousal ever wanes.”}}Al-Suyuti marked its chain as “fair” (hasan) in al-Jami` al-Saghir (7989).
===Reported in Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar]|2= Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:


Contrary to what the Qur'an, hadith, scholars and Muslims themselves say, a Western author named Margaret Nydell in a book that "promotes understanding between modern-day Arabs and Westerners", states that mainstream Muslims regard the belief of 72 virgins in the same way that mainstream Christians regard the belief that after death they will be issued with wings and a harp, and walk on clouds.<ref>{{cite book|title=Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times|author=Margaret Kleffner Nydell|pages=109|year=2006|publisher=Intercultural Press|isbn=1931930252}}</ref>
“The servant in Paradise shall be married with '''seventy wives'''.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.”}}
===Reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar]|2= Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:


However, both the Qur'an and Muhammad in the hadith literature discuss the issue of virgins being provided for men in Paradise. So, unless the Bible, and more specifically [[Jesus]] in the [[Injil|four Gospels]], claims Christians will indeed be issued with wings and a harp upon their arrival in Heaven, this claim is inaccurate and misleading.
“The servant in Paradise shall be married with '''seventy wives'''.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.”


==Conclusion==
From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.” }}Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim declared it [[sahih]] (authentic).
===Reported in Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]|2= Abu Hurayra said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:


The Qur'anic Paradise is sensual in nature,<ref name="LI June 2003"></ref> promising Muslim men voluptuous<ref name="Sura78_33"/> virgins<ref name="q56_36"/> but does not specify their exact number. This cannot possibly be a mistranslation because raisins do not have large eyes<ref name="Sura56_22"></ref> or cannot be wed to men.<ref name="Sura 44 54"></ref>
“The humblest of the People of Paradise in rank shall have seven levels and as he will be on the sixth, below the seventh, he will have three hundred servants, every morning and evening three hundred dishes of gold shall be brought before him, every dish carrying something the other does not. He will taste pleasure as sharply with the first dish as he will with the last. He shall say, ‘My Lord! If you gave me permission, I would feed all the people of Paradise and water them from what I have and nothing should go missing from it.’ He will most certainly have '''seventy-two''' wives from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise, the couch of only one of whom is as wide as a square mile on earth.” }}
===Reported by Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur]|2= Ibn Abi Awfa said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:


The hadith literature compliment the Qur'anic text by specifying the exact number of virgins as 72 and providing us with detailed descriptions of their [[#Descriptions|characteristics]]. These narrations are not weak but vary in strength from good to authentic.<ref name="SP 4828"></ref><ref name="QA 8511"></ref><ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam.tc%2Fcgi-bin%2Faskimam%2Fask.pl%3Fq%3D7007%26act%3Dview&date=2012-01-09<!-- http://www.islam.tc/cgi-bin/askimam/ask.pl?q=7007&act=view --> The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book] - Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 7007, October 29, 2002</ref>
“Every man from the People of Paradise shall be married off to four thousand virgins, eight thousand slave-girls, and one hundred wide-eyed maidens of Paradise. They shall all meet him within every seven days. They shall say with their exquisite voices no creature has ever heard the like before: ‘We are the everlasting women, we never grow old, we are the refined women, we never grow sour, we are the ever-pleased women, we never anger, we are the sedentary ones, we never travel away, blessings to him who is for us and we are for him!’” }}
===Reported in Ma`rifat al-Sahaba and Tarikh Dimashq===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur]|2= Hatib ibn Abi Balta`a said, Allah be well-pleased with him: I heard the Messenger of Allah say, upon him blessings and peace:


We are also given details on the physical attributes given to men to sustain 72 virgins, namely, ever-erect penises that never soften<ref name="Ibn Majah 39"></ref><ref name="Al-Suyuti"></ref> and the sexual strength to satisfy 100.<ref name="al Janna"></ref><ref name="Masabih XLII"></ref>
“The believer in Paradise shall be married off to '''seventy-two''' women, '''seventy women''' of the hereafter and two women of the women of this world.” }}
===Reported in al-Saghir and al-Awsat, Sifat al-Janna, and al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad===
{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Al-Tabarani in al-Saghir and al-Awsat, Abu Nu`aym in Sifat al-Janna, and al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad]|2=Abu Hurayra said, Allah be well-pleased with him:


Although it does say they will receive a "great reward",<ref name="Sura4 74"></ref> and there are also hasan hadith<ref name="QA 8511"></ref> which refer to 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr,<ref name="alMiqdaam"></ref> the Qur'an does not specify these virgins are a reward for jihadists/martyrs, but rather for any Muslim male who gains admittance to Paradise.<ref name="q56_36"></ref>
It was asked, “Messenger of Allah, do we reach our women in Paradise?” He replied, “A man will reach in a single day one hundred virgins.”}}Abu Dya’ al-Maqdisi declared it sahih according to Ibn al-Qayyim in Hadi al-Arwah and Ibn Kathir in al-Fitan wal-Malahim. Khaldun al-Ahdab considered it sahih (authentic) in Zawa’id Tarikh Baghdad (section 100).


==Selected Quotations==
Ibn `Abbas narrated something similar. Abu Ya`la in his Musnad with a good chain of narrators (meanking the hadith is Hasan) as indicated by al-Haythami in Majma` al-Zawa’id.
==Other Related Hadith==
Muhammad declared in multiple sahih narrations that [[Women are Deficient in Intelligence|the majority]] of the inhabitants of [[Hell]] are women, but according to the following hadith:{{Quote| 1= [http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I  Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur and Ibn `Asakir in Tarikh Dimashq]|2=
I heard the Messenger of Allah say, upon him blessings and peace:


{{Quote|Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39|Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be '''married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell'''. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an '''ever-erect penis'''.' "}}
“I entered Paradise and saw that most of its dwellers were women.”}}Shaykh Gibril Haddad quoted the above hadith to suggest that this is referring to all the wives a male Muslim martyr will have in heaven.
==Fatwa’s on the Authenticity of the Hadith==
Shaykh Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid's ''Islam Q&A'' website quoted a hadith about the 72 virgins grading it as Hassan (good), it states:{{Quote|1= [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511|2=2011-11-21}} The six blessings of the martyrs]<BR>Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 8511|2= It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:


{{Quote|Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687|It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and '''seventy-two houri''', over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a.}}
“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; '''he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn'''; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”


{{Quote|Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351|Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, '''the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal'''; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry '''seventy''' [sic] '''houris''', besides the women he married on earth, and '''all will have appetizing vaginas'''.}}
According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten.  


{{Quote|Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar|Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “'''The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives'''.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and '''each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure'''.”}}
('''Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth'''. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan).}}Shaykh Gibril Haddad at ''SunniPath'', an online Islamic Academy, mentions this hadith saying:{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/64zXNO08I How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?]<BR>Shaykh Gibril Haddad, SunniPath.com, Question ID:4828|2=The stronger hadiths indicate that the Believers shall have two wives, in Bukhari and Muslim from Abu Hurayra, from the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace:  Each man among them shall have two wives, the marrow of each of the two wives' shanks will be seen glimmering under the flesh, and there is not in all Paradise a single unmarried man.  They will have up to a hundred concubines in Paradise while the Shuhada shall have '''seventy-two wives''', numbers indicating abundance rather than an exact quantity, and Allah knows best.}}Mufti Ebrahim Desai's website ''AskImam'' mentioned many different sahih (authentic) and hasan (good) versions of the hadith, they said:{{Quote| 1=[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islam.tc%2Fcgi-bin%2Faskimam%2Fask.pl%3Fq%3D7007%26act%3Dview&date=2012-01-09<!-- http://www.islam.tc/cgi-bin/askimam/ask.pl?q=7007&act=view --> The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book]<BR>Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 7007, October 29, 2002|2=The mention of 70 or more Hoors for the Shaheed is reported by several Sahaaba (Radhiallaahu Anhum), of them are:


{{Quote|1=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an, 333-334|2=This '''[Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts'''. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be '''fully rounded and not sagging''', because they will be virgins, equal in age.}}
1. Sayyiduna Miqdaad ibn Ma?adikarib (Radhiallaahu Anhu) recorded by Imaam Tirmidhi in his Sunan (Hadith1663). Imam Tirmidhi has classified this Hadith as '''Sahih (authentic).'''


==Responses to Apologetics==
2. Sayyiduna Ubaadah ibn Thaabit (Radhiallaahu Anhu) recorded by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad (Hadith17117), Imaam Bazzaar in his Musnad and Imaam Tabrani in his al-Majmual Kabir. (Majma-uz-zawaaid vol.5 pg.293). Hafiz Munzhiri (ra) has classified the chain of narrators of Musnad Ahmad as '''Hasan (sound) '''. (al-Targheeb vol.2 pg.320). And Haafiz al-Haythami (ra) has mentioned that the narrators of Musnad Ahmad and Tabrani are all '''reliable'''.  
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about 72 virgins, only the hadiths"'''''<BR> Even though the Qur'an does not mention the number of virgins, it does say in verse 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> that Muslim men will be awarded with virgins in Paradise. The Qur'an describes their physical attributes, for example they will have large eyes (56:22) and big breasts (78:33)<ref name="Sura78_33"/> and so on. The actual number of houri is thus a minor issue and 72 is the number of those houris confirmed in multiple hadith. The [[hadiths]] are a [[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|crucial part of Islam]] and certain Muslims ignore them because sometimes they contain uncomfortable details about Islam. There are many hadiths and Qur'anic verses which talk about various issues of a sexual nature. According to {{Bukhari|1|5|268}} which belongs to the most authentic collection of hadiths, Muhammad himself was given the sexual strength of 30 men and so on.
# '''''"The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu (fabricated)"'''''<BR>Not true. The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).<ref name="SP 4828"></ref> Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. We have quoted narrations here that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic), and there are [[Authenticity of 72 Virgins Hadith|many others]].
# '''''"Obviously this hadith has been made up, is unreliable and/or is a lie"'''''<BR>See answers to #1 and 2 above.
# '''''"The Qur'an doesn't talk about the number of virgins being seventy two"'''''<BR>See answer to #1 above.
# '''''"It is talking about (white) raisins, not virgins"'''''<BR>This is a myth originating from Christoph Luxenberg, a recent author with a pseudonym who has no known qualifications or authority on Islamic issues, and has been shown to be in error for [[#Virgins or Raisins?|various reasons]].  
# '''''"Islam prohibits suicide"'''''<BR>Yes, hadith do exist that prohibit suicide ([[The Islamic Ruling on the Permissibility of Martyrdom Operations|Suicide ''bombing'']] however is a separate issue) but this has nothing to do with the fact that Islam promises women in Paradise as a reward for the "righteous" (i.e. Muslims).
# '''''"If the seventy two virgins thing was something big in Islam it would be talked about more frequently."'''''<BR>Women in Islamic heaven as a reward are talked about frequently in the Qur'an as evidenced by the various places in the Qur'an where their characteristics are talked about. Also if the Qur'an talks about a certain issue only once, it cannot be taken lightly in any way as every word and sentence in the Qur'an is important and holy to Muslims.
# '''''"The houri are for both men and women"'''''<BR> The Qur'an explicitly talks about female virgins with large eyes as rewards for men. On the contrary there is not a single "women will get guys as a reward" verse. Some gender neutral verses do exist but they talk about general rewards only (such as "companionship" etc).
# '''''"The houri are only servants and not for sexual purposes"'''''<BR> If that was true, Qur'an 56:36<ref name="q56_36"/> wouldn't say they are virgins and it wouldn't mention they have big breasts. In addition, while the Qur'an does not explicitly say they're for sexual purposes, [[Qur%27an, Hadith and Scholars:Sexuality#Paradise|other Islamic sources]] mention that. One hadith says "The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the Elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.<ref name="Masabih XLII">"''The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the strength of one hundred persons.''" - Mishkat al-Masabih Book IV, Chapter XLII, Paradise and Hell, Hadith Number 24</ref>


{{Core Women}}
and Allah Ta'ala Knows Best


Moulana Muhammad ibn Moulana Haroon Abbassommar
FACULTY OF SPECIALTY IN HADITH }}
==See Also==
==See Also==


* [[Virgins]] ''- A hub page that leads to other articles related to Virgins''
{{Hub4|Virgins|Virgins}}
* [[Numbers of Islam]] ''- other number-related facts about Islam''
 
{{Translation-links-english|[[72_Huri_-_Bakirə|Azerbaijani]], [[:bg:72 девственици|Bulgarian]], [[72_Pannen|Czech]], [[72 Jungfrauen|German]], [[72 Huri - Bakire|Turkish]], [[Le 72 vergini|Italian]], [[:ru:72 девственницы|Russian]]}}


==External Links==
==External Links==


; Articles
;Articles
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm|2=2012-02-23}} '72 Black Eyed Virgins': A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs]
 
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins|2=2012-02-23}} Does the Koran really promise Islamic martyrs 72 virgins?]
*{{external_link|url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm |title='72 Black Eyed Virgins': A Muslim Debate on the Rewards of Martyrs |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/538.htm&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm|2=2012-02-23}} Have You Been Invited to Allah’s Brothel?]
*{{external_link|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins |title=Does the Koran really promise Islamic martyrs 72 virgins? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2329/does-the-koran-really-promise-islamic-martyrs-72-virgins&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html|2=2012-02-23}} Muslim Mastectomy or The Miracle of Disappearing Breasts]
*{{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm |title=Have You Been Invited to Allah’s Brothel? |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Responses/Abualrub/allah_brothel.htm&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
*{{external_link|url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html |title=Muslim Mastectomy or The Miracle of Disappearing Breasts |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Versions/078.033.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}


;Videos
;Videos
* [{{Reference archive|1=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html|2=2012-02-23}} Saudi Cleric Extols the Virtues of Allah's Virgins in Paradise, "They are White Women who are Menstruation-Free, Free of Feces, Urine, Phlegm"]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5pqQIyQfa8 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aolf7qrTM1E ABC's Islam Deception--Part One: Raisins or Virgins in Paradise?]
;Muslim links:
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/|2=2012-02-23}} Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth] ''(see [[#Responses_to_Apologetics|Response]] section above)''


;Humor
*{{external_link|url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html |title=Saudi Cleric Extols the Virtues of Allah's Virgins in Paradise, "They are White Women who are Menstruation-Free, Free of Feces, Urine, Phlegm" |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://weaselzippers.typepad.com/blog/2009/09/video-saudi-cleric-extols-the-virtues-of-allahs-virgins-in-paradise-they-are-white-women-who-are-men.html&date=2012-02-23 |archivedate=2012-02-23 |deadurl=no}}
Videos:
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5pqQIyQfa8 72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cRmPO07U_M Atheist Comedian 72 Virgins in Heaven] ''(5:32)''
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb326lP5RPg Dark eyed virgins greet Muslim Martyrs in heaven]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S7ddl1tGg4 Family guy - 72 Virgins] ''(0:25)''
Pictures: [http://jot.amid.com/post/51544807/much-to-their-surprise-the-virgins-awaiting much to their surprise...]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


[[Category:Islam and Women]]
[[Category:Women]]
[[Category:Heaven]]
[[Category:Sex]]
[[ru:72 девственницы]]
[[bg:72 девственици]]
[[Category:Supernatural beings]]
[[Category:Criticism of Islam]]
[[ar:الحوري]]

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An artist impression of the 72 virgins.

Houris (Arabic, various forms: حوري ,حورية ,حور ,أحور ,حوراء‎), or heavenly virgins, are a variety of celestial being that, according to Islamic scriptures, serve as a key attraction of Heaven or Jannah (Arabic: جنّة‎ 'Jannah'; plural: Jannat). Houris are mentioned in Qur'anic text as a reward for believing men in the afterlife. According to the Quran, once in Jannah, believers are wed to virgin houris who have "full grown", "swelling" or "pears-shaped" breasts.[1][2][3] The Quran provides a physical and personal description of the houri and denotes them as awards to believers. A hadith graded Sahih (authentic) details the number of houris that will be awarded to martyrs (see "72 Virgins Hadith Narrations" below).

Orthodox Muslim theologians such as al-Ghazali (1058 - 1111 CE) and al-Ash'ari (874 - 935 CE) have discussed the Houris as being rewards and pleasures found in heaven. Al-Ghazali, in particular, refers to a hadith that describes heaven as a slave market where there will be "no buy and sale, but... If any man will wish to have sexual intercourse with a woman, he will do at once."[4][5] The same hadith is quoted by Ibn Kathir, in his Qur'anic Commentary, the Tafsir ibn Kathir[6]. The houris are also described graphically by Qur'anic commentator and polymath, Al-Suyuti (died 1505), who, echoing a Sahih hadith[7] from Ibn Majah,[8] wrote that the perpetual virgins will all "have appetizing vaginas", and that the "penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal."[9]

The sensual nature of the houri awarded to believers are also confirmed by the two Sahih collections of hadith, namely Sahih Bukhari[10] and Sahih Muslim,[11] which state that the houris will be virgins so beautiful and pure that there flesh will, in effect, be transparent: "the marrow of the bones of their legs will be seen through the bones and the flesh"[12]. "The believers", another hadith in Bukhari continues, "will visit and enjoy them [the houris]".[13]

Authenticity

The concept of houri can be found in major Islamic scriptures. The Quran, states believing males will be rewarded with virgins.[14] Although it is frequently alleged that the hadiths regarding the houris are da`if (weak)[15] or few (and even singular) in number, such narrations are in fact found in many hadith collections with varying levels of authenticity, including several that earn a grade of hasan (good) and sahih (authentic).[15]

For example, in the Sunan Ibn Majah, one of the six major hadith collections,[16] a hasan (good)[7] narration states that every male admitted into heaven will be given eternal erections and wed to 72 wives, each having libidinous sexual organs.[8] Similarly, in another hadith attested in several hadith collections with multiple narrators that has been graded hasan (good), it is advanced that the shahid (martyr) will be married to seventy-two of "al-hoor al-‘iyn" ("the beautiful-eyed houris").[17][18]

Another narration in Sunan al-Tirmidhi, another of the six major hadith collections,[16] states that the smallest reward for the people of heaven is an abode housing seventy-two houris.[19] Although it is frequently argued that this hadith is da'if (weak)[20], it has been graded hasan and sahih by renowned scholars of hadith,[7] meaning this hadith is hasan (good), since it has several chains of transmitters, and also sahih (authentic), as the chains are all declared authentic by Imam Tirmidhi.[21]

Also reported in Sunan Al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and declared sahih (authentic)[7] by Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and Al-Hakim is a hadith that states that God's servants will be married in heaven with seventy wives and that they'll be given the sexual strength for a hundred.[22]

Orthodox Muslim theologians have related further hadith that give us the exact number of 72, such as al-Ghazali who wrote, "[The Prophet said] the lowest rank of an inmate of heaven will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives."[23]

Descriptions

There are several descriptions regarding the houris that are found in various Islamic scriptures. Some include:

Physical Attributes:

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In addition to Quranic translations of 78:33 describing the virgins as being voluptuous[24], Sahih International translates the verse as referring to "full-breasted [companions] of equal age". Tafsir al-Jalalayn, the famous Qur'anic exegesis, reads: "and buxom maidens (kawā‘ib is the plural of kā‘ib) of equal age (atrāb is the plural of tirb)". Elsewhere, in Tirmidhi and Tafsir ibn Kathir, it is elaborated that these are "large, round breasts which are not inclined to hang".[25][3]
  • Wide and beautiful/lovely eyes [26][27][28]
  • White skinned [29]
  • Like pearls [30]
  • Hairless except for the eye brows and the head [31]
  • 60 cubits [27.5 meters] tall [32][29]
  • 7 cubits [3.2 meters] in width [29]
  • Transparent to the marrow of their bones [25][12]
  • Eternally young [31]
  • Companions of equal age [24][33]

Sexual Attributes:

  • Untouched [34][35]
  • Virgins [36]
  • Voluptuous/full-breasted [24]
    • The word used is كواعب (kawaa'ib), which is a plural of كاعب (kaa'ib) and the meaning according to the al-Ma'any dictionary is نَاهِدَةُ الثَّدْيِ (naahida thadee), that is "buxom breast" [37].
  • With large, round breasts which are not inclined to hang [25][3]
  • Appetizing vaginas [9]

Personality Attributes:

Other Attributes:

  • Splendid [39]
  • Pure [12]
  • Non-menstruating / non-urinating/ non-defecating and childfree [25][40]
  • Never dissatisfied [40]
  • Will sing praise [5]

Association with Martyrdom

Although suicide is clearly forbidden in Islam[41], the matter of deliberate/pre-meditated martyrdom in battle (e.g. suicide bombing) has, as is typical with legal rulings, left Islamic scholars divided.

In 2018, a book detailing a fatwa against suicide bombings was issued on behalf of 1,800 Pakistani clerics.[42] In 2010 a Pakistani-Canadian cleric, Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri, issued a 600 page Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings in Urdu and English to refute the ideology of al-Qaeda and the Taliban, and was endorsed by the prestigious al-Azhar University in Cairo.

Notable scholars such as Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, the world's most quoted independent Islamic jurist,[43] and Dr. Zakir Naik, known for his advocacy of "Qur'anic science", have justified the use of suicide bombing in Islam.[44][45][46] Opinion polls following 9/11 found that an extremely large number of persons in Muslim-majority countries supported the practice.[43][47][48][49] However, a decade or more since then, surveys have found a trend of increasing majorities who disapprove of al Qaeda and suicide attacks against civilians in most Muslim countries.[50][51]

The Quran states that all Muslim males, not only martyrs, will be rewarded with virgins.[36] However, the Quran does also mention that those who fight in the way of Allah (jihad) and get killed will be given a "great reward",[52] and there exist hasan (good) hadith[18] which refer to the 72 virgins as one of the "seven blessings from Allah" to the martyr.[17] This has lead to the 72 virgins concept being widely used as a way to entice martyrdom.

This phenomena can be witnessed in Palestine, where the actions of a mother who sends her son to die as a martyr is sometimes seen as "marrying him off",[53] and where the concept is used in Friday sermons and music videos, both airing on official television.[54][55] It has even been used in the United Kingdom, where, in one event, Muslim teens were told to train with Kalashnikov rifles with the promise that the would receive 72 virgins in heaven if they died as religious martyrs.[56]

Modern views

White Rasins

This claim originated from Christoph Luxenberg, a modern scholar writing under a pseudonym, in his controversial work The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran. In his work, Luxenberg suggests that the term houri actually meant to describe "white raisins." His broader thesis, which has been accused of having a "Christian apologetic agenda",[57] is that the Quran was drawn from Christian Syro-Aramaic texts in the early 8th century, in order to evangelize the Arabs,[58] and that the Aramaic word 'hur' (white raisin) had been mistranslated by later Arab commentators into the Arabic word 'houri' (virgin).[59]

The Quran describes the physical characteristics of the houris in many places, such as, large eyes,[28] big breasts,[24] chaste,[34] and restraining their glances.[34] The Quran further states that men will be wed to these houri.[1] These relevant verses suggest that Luxenberg's "white rasins" theory is in error.

Virgins only mentioned in hadith not Quran

Although the Quran does not mention the exact number of virgins, it does state that Muslim men will be awarded with (multiple) virgins in heaven.[36] The Quran describes some of their physical attributes and personality traits[28][24][34].

The number of houris are confirmed in multiple hadiths.[15] Also worth noting is that hadiths are a crucial part of Islam, and that approaching any Orthodox construction of the religion is essentially impossible their absence. Nonetheless, the great majority of hadiths are acknowledged as being of weak authenticity, particularly legal traditions (which form the basis of much of the Shari'ah (Islamic Law) and those detailing the fada'il or "virtues" or various religious figures and theological entities - Indeed, Islamic scholars have, throughout history, accused one another of arbitrarily dismissing and favoring certain sets of weak hadiths to justify their varying doctrinal positions. Indeed, n this context and given their subject matter, the hadiths regarding the houris can fairly be considered to be, on the whole, exceptionally well-attested.

The 72 virgins hadith has been classified as Da'if (weak) or Maudu' (fabricated)

The hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi has been graded hasan sahih gharib (a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith”).[7] Additionally there is not only one "72 virgins" hadith. There are many quoted narrations that have been graded both hasan (good) and sahih (authentic)[15]. See the section on "Authenticity" above for more details.

Houris are only servants and not for sexual purposes

The Quran details that houris are chaste virgins that have big breasts, resulting in the clear implication of the houris' sexual purpose.[36] While the Quran does not explicitly state they are for sexual purposes this is mentioned in other Islamic sources. One such hadith states "The believer will be given such and such strength in heaven for sexual intercourse". Other sources state that "the penis of the elected never softens" and that men in heaven will have the sexual strength of 100 men.[60][61]

Houris are for both men and women

The Quran indicates that houris will be "untouched before them by both man and jinni" [62] Implying that they are females that are awarded to men. While Islamic scholars have at times maintained the existence of equivalent or analogous male companions for females in paradise, the word "houris" in particular which features in Islamic scriptures refers specifically to the nymph-like virgins of paradise discussed here.[63]

Relevant Quotations

Qur'an

Lo! those who merit paradise this day are happily employed, They and their wives, in pleasant shade, on thrones reclining; Theirs the fruit (of their good deeds) and theirs (all) that they ask; The word from a Merciful Lord (for them) is: Peace!
Quran 36:55-58
And with them are those of modest gaze, with lovely eyes, (Pure) as they were hidden eggs (of the ostrich).
Quran 37:48-49
This is a reminder. And lo! for those who ward off (evil) is a happy journey's end, Gardens of Eden, whereof the gates are opened for them, Wherein, reclining, they call for plenteous fruit and cool drink (that is) therein. And with them are those of modest gaze, companions. This it is that ye are promised for the Day of Reckoning. Lo! this in truth is Our provision, which will never waste away.
Quran 38:49-54
Lo! those who kept their duty will be in a place secured. Amid gardens and watersprings, Attired in silk and silk embroidery, facing one another. Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes. They call therein for every fruit in safety. They taste not death therein, save the first death. And He hath saved them from the doom of hell, A bounty from thy Lord. That is the supreme triumph.
Quran 44:51-57
Lo! those who kept their duty dwell in gardens and delight, Happy because of what their Lord hath given them, and (because) their Lord hath warded off from them the torment of hell-fire. (And it is said unto them): Eat and drink in health (as a reward) for what ye used to do, Reclining on ranged couches. And we wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes. . . .
Quran 52:17-20
But for him who feareth the standing before his Lord there are two gardens. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Of spreading branches. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein are two fountains flowing. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein is every kind of fruit in pairs. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Reclining upon couches lined with silk brocade, the fruit of both the gardens near to hand. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Therein are those of modest gaze, whom neither man nor jinni will have touched before them. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? (In beauty) like the jacynth and the coral-stone. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Is the reward of goodness aught save goodness? Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? And beside them are two other gardens, Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Dark green with foliage. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein are two abundant springs. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein is fruit, the date-palm and pomegranate. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Wherein (are found) the good and beautiful - Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? - Fair ones, close-guarded in pavilions - Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? - Whom neither man nor jinni will have touched before them - Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? Reclining on green cushions and fair carpets.
Quran 55:46-77
And ye will be three kinds: (First) those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand? And (then) those on the left hand; what of those on the left hand? And the foremost in the race, the foremost in the race: Those are they who will be brought nigh In gardens of delight; A multitude of those of old And a few of those of later time. On lined couches, Reclining therein face to face. There wait on them immortal youths With bowls and ewers and a cup from a pure spring Wherefrom they get no aching of the head nor any madness, And fruit that they prefer And flesh of fowls that they desire. And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes, Like unto hidden pearls, Reward for what they used to do. There hear they no vain speaking nor recrimination (Naught) but the saying: Peace, (and again) Peace. And those on the right hand; what of those on the right hand? Among thornless lote-trees And clustered plantains, And spreading shade, And water gushing, And fruit in plenty Neither out of reach nor yet forbidden, And raised couches; Lo! We have created them a (new) creation And made them virgins, Lovers, friends, For those on the right hand; A multitude of those of old And a multitude of those of later time.
Quran 56:7-40
Lo! for the duteous is achievement - Gardens enclosed and vineyards, And voluptuous women of equal age; And a full cup. There hear they never vain discourse, nor lying - Requital from thy Lord - a gift in payment - Lord of the heavens and the earth, and (all) that is between them, the Beneficent; with Whom none can converse.
Quran 78:31-38

Hadith

It was narrated from Abu Umamah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “There is no one whom Allah will admit to Paradise but Allah will marry him to seventy-two wives, two from houris and seventy from his inheritance from the people of Hell, all of whom will have desirable [شَهِيٌّ, translated here as "desirable", is used to refer to "food" that is "delicious, or sweet" [64]] front passages [قُبُلٌ, translated here as "front passages", refers to "the anterior pudendum" or "vulva, and vagina"[65]] and he will have a male member [ذَكَرٌ, translated here as "male member", refers to "the male organ of generation; the penis" and a an adjectival form of the word is used to describe "herbs, or leguminous plants, that are hard and thick"[66]] that never becomes flaccid (i.e., soft and limp).’”
Sunan Ibn Majah 5:37:4337
Narrated Al-Miqdam bin Ma'diykarib: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There are six things with Allah for the martyr. He is forgiven with the first flow of blood (he suffers), he is shown his place in Paradise, he is protected from punishment in the grave, secured from the greatest terror, the crown of dignity is placed upon his head - and its gems are better than the world and what is in it - he is married to seventy two wives along Al-Huril-'Ayn of Paradise, and he may intercede for seventy of his close relatives." [Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3:20:1663; see more hadiths to this effect here
Anas narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w) said: "The believer shall be given in paradise such and such strength in intercourse." it was said: "O Messenger of Allah! And will he able to do that?" He said: "He will be given the strength of a hundred."
Jami` at-Tirmidhi 4:36:2536
[Zayd ibn Arqam narrated] "The messenger of Allah said, 'Indeed a man from the people of Paradise will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, pleasure, and coitus.'
Musnad Imam Ahmad vol. 4, chapter 37, hadith 18509; see also: Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar

Scholars

This [Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be fully rounded and not sagging, because they will be virgins, equal in age.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir 78:33

The following hadith is cited by Ghazali in the Ihya and has been identified as sahih (authentic) in a critical commentary on the Ihya.[67]

[Mujahid said] "The Huris of Paradise will be pure women—free of menstruation, stool, urine, saliva, cough, female-ejaculation and children"
al-Ghazali, Ihya Ulum al-Din, 9, Dar al-Minhaj, p. 619 

The following hadiths are cited by Ghazali in the Ihya and have been identified as hasan (good) in a critical commentary on the Ihya.[68]

[Muhammad is narrated to have said] "An inmate of Paradise will be given in a single day the sexual strength of more than 70 men from amongst you"
al-Ghazali, Ihya Ulum al-Din, 9, Dar al-Minhaj, p. 619 
[Muhammad is narrated to have said] "The Huris will sing in Paradise: we are most beautiful Huris and we are concealed for the honoured husbands"
al-Ghazali, Ihya Ulum al-Din, 9, Dar al-Minhaj, p. 620 

The following hadiths is cited by Ghazali in the Ihya and has been identified as da'if (weak) in a critical commentary on the Ihya.[69]

[Muhammad is narrated to have said] "An inmate of Paradise will have 500 Hurs, 4,000 virgins and 8,000 widowed women. He will keep embracing each of them for the duration of his whole worldly life"
al-Ghazali, Ihya Ulum al-Din, 9, Dar al-Minhaj, p. 620 

The following hadiths is cited by Ghazali in the Ihya and has been identified as mawdu (fabricated) in a critical commentary on the Ihya.[70]

The Prophet was asked regarding the statement of Allah, “The fine buildings in Eden Paradise.” The Prophet replied, “[These] palaces [are built] of pearls and in each building there will be 70 rooms of red rubies and in each room 70 sub-rooms of green emeralds and in each sub-room there will be one throne and over each throne 70 beds of varied colours and on each bed a hur al-ayn. There will be 70 table spreads in each room and 70 kinds of food in each table spread. There will be 70 maids in each room. Each believer will be given such strength in the morning as he can cohabit with each of them.
al-Ghazali, Ihya Ulum al-Din, 9, Dar al-Minhaj, p. 608 

72 Virgins Hadith Narrations

Shaykh Gibril Haddad is a hadith expert (muhaddith),[71] recognized as one of the world’s leading authorities on the Shari’ah.[72] In 2009, he was listed amongst the inaugural "500 most influential Muslims in the world," and was referred to as "one of the clearest voices of traditional Islam in the West".[71] The following borrows mainly from a 2005 fatwa issued by him.[73]

Reported in Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Sunan al-Tirmidhi

“For the Shahid in the Divine presence there will be six qualities: [1] he will be forgiven from the first moment his blood is spilled; [2] he shall see his seat in Paradise and be protected against the punishment of the grave; [3] he shall be safe from the Greatest Terror [the rising of the dead]; [4] he shall be crowned with the diadem of dignity, one ruby of which is worth more than the entire world and its contents; [5] he shall be coupled with seventy-two spouses from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise; and [6] he shall be granted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal , Sunan al-Tirmidhi

This is a “fair, sound, single-chained hadith (hasan sahih gharib).”

Abu Sa`id al-Khudri said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The humblest of the People of Paradise shall have eighty thousand servants and seventy-two wives. A palace of pearl and peridot (a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone) and sapphire shall be erected for him as wide as the distance between al-Jabiya [a valley about 70 kms. East of Makka] and San`a’ [in Yemen].”
Sunan al-Tirmidhi Vol. IV, ch. 21, hadith 2687

Reported in Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur

Abu Umama said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “None is made to enter Paradise by Allah Most High except Allah Most High shall marry him to seventy-two wives, two of them from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise and seventy of them his inheritance from the People of Hellfire, not one of them but her attraction never lags nor his arousal ever wanes.”
Ibn Majah, Ibn `Adi in the Kamil, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur

Al-Suyuti marked its chain as “fair” (hasan) in al-Jami` al-Saghir (7989).

Reported in Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar

Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.”
Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar

Reported in Sunan al-Kubra and Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace:

“The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.”

From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”
Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar

Ibn Abi Shayba, Ibn Hibban, and al-Hakim declared it sahih (authentic).

Reported in Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Abu Hurayra said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The humblest of the People of Paradise in rank shall have seven levels and as he will be on the sixth, below the seventh, he will have three hundred servants, every morning and evening three hundred dishes of gold shall be brought before him, every dish carrying something the other does not. He will taste pleasure as sharply with the first dish as he will with the last. He shall say, ‘My Lord! If you gave me permission, I would feed all the people of Paradise and water them from what I have and nothing should go missing from it.’ He will most certainly have seventy-two wives from the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise, the couch of only one of whom is as wide as a square mile on earth.”
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Reported by Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur

Ibn Abi Awfa said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “Every man from the People of Paradise shall be married off to four thousand virgins, eight thousand slave-girls, and one hundred wide-eyed maidens of Paradise. They shall all meet him within every seven days. They shall say with their exquisite voices no creature has ever heard the like before: ‘We are the everlasting women, we never grow old, we are the refined women, we never grow sour, we are the ever-pleased women, we never anger, we are the sedentary ones, we never travel away, blessings to him who is for us and we are for him!’”
Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur

Reported in Ma`rifat al-Sahaba and Tarikh Dimashq

Hatib ibn Abi Balta`a said, Allah be well-pleased with him: I heard the Messenger of Allah say, upon him blessings and peace: “The believer in Paradise shall be married off to seventy-two women, seventy women of the hereafter and two women of the women of this world.”
Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur

Reported in al-Saghir and al-Awsat, Sifat al-Janna, and al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad

Abu Hurayra said, Allah be well-pleased with him: It was asked, “Messenger of Allah, do we reach our women in Paradise?” He replied, “A man will reach in a single day one hundred virgins.”
Al-Tabarani in al-Saghir and al-Awsat, Abu Nu`aym in Sifat al-Janna, and al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad

Abu Dya’ al-Maqdisi declared it sahih according to Ibn al-Qayyim in Hadi al-Arwah and Ibn Kathir in al-Fitan wal-Malahim. Khaldun al-Ahdab considered it sahih (authentic) in Zawa’id Tarikh Baghdad (section 100).

Ibn `Abbas narrated something similar. Abu Ya`la in his Musnad with a good chain of narrators (meanking the hadith is Hasan) as indicated by al-Haythami in Majma` al-Zawa’id.

Other Related Hadith

Muhammad declared in multiple sahih narrations that the majority of the inhabitants of Hell are women, but according to the following hadith:

I heard the Messenger of Allah say, upon him blessings and peace: “I entered Paradise and saw that most of its dwellers were women.”
Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba`th wal-Nushur and Ibn `Asakir in Tarikh Dimashq

Shaykh Gibril Haddad quoted the above hadith to suggest that this is referring to all the wives a male Muslim martyr will have in heaven.

Fatwa’s on the Authenticity of the Hadith

Shaykh Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid's Islam Q&A website quoted a hadith about the 72 virgins grading it as Hassan (good), it states:

It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

“The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.”

According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten.

(Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan).
The six blessings of the martyrs
Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan, Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 8511

Shaykh Gibril Haddad at SunniPath, an online Islamic Academy, mentions this hadith saying:

The stronger hadiths indicate that the Believers shall have two wives, in Bukhari and Muslim from Abu Hurayra, from the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace: Each man among them shall have two wives, the marrow of each of the two wives' shanks will be seen glimmering under the flesh, and there is not in all Paradise a single unmarried man. They will have up to a hundred concubines in Paradise while the Shuhada shall have seventy-two wives, numbers indicating abundance rather than an exact quantity, and Allah knows best.
How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise?
Shaykh Gibril Haddad, SunniPath.com, Question ID:4828

Mufti Ebrahim Desai's website AskImam mentioned many different sahih (authentic) and hasan (good) versions of the hadith, they said:

The mention of 70 or more Hoors for the Shaheed is reported by several Sahaaba (Radhiallaahu Anhum), of them are:

1. Sayyiduna Miqdaad ibn Ma?adikarib (Radhiallaahu Anhu) recorded by Imaam Tirmidhi in his Sunan (Hadith1663). Imam Tirmidhi has classified this Hadith as Sahih (authentic).

2. Sayyiduna Ubaadah ibn Thaabit (Radhiallaahu Anhu) recorded by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad (Hadith17117), Imaam Bazzaar in his Musnad and Imaam Tabrani in his al-Majmual Kabir. (Majma-uz-zawaaid vol.5 pg.293). Hafiz Munzhiri (ra) has classified the chain of narrators of Musnad Ahmad as Hasan (sound) . (al-Targheeb vol.2 pg.320). And Haafiz al-Haythami (ra) has mentioned that the narrators of Musnad Ahmad and Tabrani are all reliable.

and Allah Ta'ala Knows Best

Moulana Muhammad ibn Moulana Haroon Abbassommar

FACULTY OF SPECIALTY IN HADITH
The number of Hoors (70 or more) in Jannah for a Shaheed or a Jannathi is fixed by which hadeeth, and in which book
Mufti Ebrahim Desai, Ask-Imam, Question No. 7007, October 29, 2002

See Also

  • Virgins - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Virgins

Translations

External Links

Articles
Videos

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Even so (it will be). And We shall wed them unto fair ones with wide, lovely eyes." - Quran 44:54
  2. ↑ Several translators like Hilali-Khan (Noble Quran, translated by Hilali-Khan), Arthur John Arberry, Abdul Daryabadi, Umm Muhammad, Edward Henry Palmer, Ahmed Ali, John Medows Rodwell, Ali Ünal, George Sale, Muhammad Sarwar, and Tahir-ul-Qadri (Quran browser, Qur'an Text/Transliteration 78:33) have translated Quran 78:33 as referring to "full grown", "swelling" or "pears-shaped" breasts.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "This [Qur'an 78:33] means round breasts. They meant by this that the breasts of these girls will be fully rounded and not sagging, because they will be virgins, equal in age." - Ibn Kathir. Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an. pp. 333-334. http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=78&tid=56825. 
  4. ↑ "Ali reported that the Apostle of Allah said, "There is in Paradise a market wherein there will be no buying or selling, but will consist of men and women. When a man desires a beauty, he will have intercourse with them." - Mishkat al-Masabih (edited by Maulana Fazlul Karim), Vol. 4, p. 172, No. 34
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "A man asked the Prophet : 0 Prophet of God, will the inmates of Paradise have sexual intercourse ? He said: Anybody among them will be given sexual strength of seven, persons among you. The Prophet said : An inmate of Paradise will have five hundred hurs, four thousand unmarried women and eight thousand widowed women. Each of them will keep embracing him for the duration of his whole worldly life time. He also said: There will be markets in Paradise in which there will be no buy and sale, but there will be men and women. If any man will wish to have sexual intercourse with a woman, he will do at once. The Hurs will sing in Paradise on divine purity and praise-we are most beautiful Hurs and we are for the honoured husbands.", Al Ghazzali, "Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4", Death and Subsequent Events 430 (archived), http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm 
  6. ↑ These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Shaykh Gibril Haddad - How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise? - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Abu Umama narrated: "The Messenger of God said, 'Everyone that God admits into paradise will be married to 72 wives; two of them are houris and seventy of his inheritance of the [female] dwellers of hell. All of them will have libidinous sex organs and he will have an ever-erect penis.' " - Sunan Ibn Majah, Zuhd (Book of Abstinence) 39
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Each time we sleep with a Houri we find her virgin. Besides, the penis of the Elected never softens. The erection is eternal; the sensation that you feel each time you make love is utterly delicious and out of this world and were you to experience it in this world you would faint. Each chosen one [i.e. Muslim] will marry seventy [sic] houris, besides the women he married on earth, and all will have appetizing vaginas." - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351
  10. ↑ "Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "The first group of people who will enter Paradise, will be glittering like the full moon... Their wives will be houris ..." - Sahih Bukhari 4:55:544
  11. ↑ Citation and new article needed
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The first batch (of people) who will enter Paradise will be (glittering) like the full moon, and the batch next to them will be (glittering) like the most brilliant star in the sky. Their hearts will be as if the heart of a single man, for they will have neither enmity nor jealousy amongst themselves; everyone will have two wives from the houris, (who will be so beautiful, pure and transparent that) the marrow of the bones of their legs will be seen through the bones and the flesh." - Sahih Bukhari 4:54:476
  13. ↑ "Allah’s Apostle (The blessing and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "In Paradise there is a pavilion made of a single hollow pearl sixty miles wide, in each corner of which there are wives who will not see those in the other corners; and the believers will visit and enjoy them." - Sahih Bukhari 6:60:402
  14. ↑ "Verily for the Righteous there will be a fulfilment of (the heart's) desires; Gardens enclosed, and grapevines; And voluptuous women of equal age" Qur'an 78:31-33
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Shaykh Gibril Haddad, "Various Issues About Hadiths", Living Islam, April 4, 2003 (archived), http://www.abc.se/~m9783/n/vih_e.html. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 It was reported in the hadeeth of al-Miqdaam ibn Ma’di Karb that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The martyr (shaheed) has seven blessings from Allaah: he is forgiven from the moment his blood is first shed; he will be shown his place in Paradise; he will be spared the trial of the grave; and he will be secure on the Day of the Greatest Terror (the Day of Judgement); there will be placed on his head a crown of dignity, one ruby of which is better than this world and all that is in it; he will be married to seventy-two of al-hoor al-‘iyn; and he will be permitted to intercede for seventy of his relatives.” According to another report, the martyr has six blessings from Allaah. According to other reports (the number is) six, or nine, or ten - Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, who said it is a hasan hadeeth. Also narrated by Ibn Maajah in al-Sunan, by Ahmad, by ‘Abd al-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf, by al-Tabaraani in al-Kabeer, and by Sa’eed ibn Mansoor in al-Sunan
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Shaykh Waleed al-Firyaan, "The six blessings of the martyrs", Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 8511 (archived), http://www.islam-qa.com/en/ref/islamqa/8511. 
  19. ↑ "It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham 'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard the Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from al-Jabiyyah to San'a." - Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 4, Ch. 21, No. 2687
  20. ↑ Nashid Abdul-Khalliq, "Debunking the ‘Suicide for 72 Virgins’ Myth", TheUglyTruth, March 4, 2007 (archived), http://theuglytruth.wordpress.com/2007/03/04/debunking-the-suicide-for-72-virgins-myth/. 
  21. ↑ "Imam Tirmidhi (209 - 279 H)", As-Sunnah Foundation of America, February 20, 2012 (archived), http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_tirmidhi.htm. 
  22. ↑ "Anas said, Allah be well-pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah said, upon him blessings and peace: “The servant in Paradise shall be married with seventy wives.” Someone said, “Messenger of Allah, can he bear it?” He said: “He will be given strength for a hundred.” From Zayd ibn Arqam, Allah be well-pleased with him, when an incredulous Jew or Christian asked the Prophet, upon him blessings and peace, “Are you claiming that a man will eat and drink in Paradise??” He replied: “Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, and each of them will be given the strength of a hundred men in his eating, drinking, coitus, and pleasure.”" - Sifat al-Janna, al-`Uqayli in the Du`afa’, and Musnad of Abu Bakr al-Bazzar
  23. ↑ "The Prophet said to a man: 0 servant of God, if you enter Paradise, you will get what you will desire, what your eyes will be pleased with. The Prophet said : If an inmate of Paradise will wish to have a son born to him, he will get it. Its stay in womb, its weaning away from milk and its youth will come to pass at the same time. He also said : The inmantes of Paradise will be beardless and hairless. Their colour will be white and their eyes painted with collyrium. They will be youths of 33 years of age. They will be sixty cubits long and seven cubits broad. He also said : The lowest rank of an inmate of Paradise will have eighty thousand servants and seventy two wives. In short there will be such bliss in Paradise which no eye has seen, no ear has heard and no heart has conceived.", Al Ghazzali, "Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4", The Book of Constructive Virtues 431 (archived), http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 "And voluptuous women of equal age;" - Quran 78:33
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 "And besides them will be chaste women, restraining their glances, with big eyes (of wonder and beauty)." - Quran 37:48
  27. ↑ "They will recline (with ease) on Thrones (of dignity) arranged in ranks; and We shall join them to Companions, with beautiful big and lustrous eyes." - Quran 52:20
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "And (there are) fair ones with wide, lovely eyes,-" - Quran 56:22
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Al Ghazzali, "Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4" (archived), http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm. 
  30. ↑ "Like unto Pearls well-guarded." - Quran 56:23
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638
  32. ↑ Ibn Kathir: The Reward of Those on the Right After
  33. ↑ Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That which must come to pass)(56):38, note 15
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 "In them will be (Maidens), chaste, restraining their glances, whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;-" - Quran 55:56
  35. ↑ "Companions restrained (as to their glances), in (goodly) pavilions;- Then which of the favours of your Lord will ye deny?- Whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;-" - Quran 55:72-74
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 "Then We have made them virgins" - Quran 56:36
  37. ↑ https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8/
  38. ↑ Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an,Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003), Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) Sad (38):52
  39. ↑ Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur'an, Publisher: The Book Foundation; Bilingual edition (December 2003) Language: English, ISBN 1904510000,Chapter (Surah) An-Naba (The Tiding)(78):33, note 16
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "The Prophet said: If a woman of Paradise would have peeped up into this world everything therein would have been illuminated and filled up with fragrance. Every hair of her head is better than than the earth and its treasures. God says : They are like Eakut and Marjan. If their faces are seen within screen, they will be more clear than mirrors and the smallest jewel therein will illuminate what is in the heaven and earth. The Prophet said : In the night in which I was taken to heaven, I entered a place in Paradise named Baidakh whose camps are of emeralds and green pearls and red Eakut. They asked : 0 Prophet of God, Salam to you. I asked : 0 Gebrail, whose sound is there ? He said : of the beautiful women in camps. They seek your permission to salute you. So give them permission. They will be saying : We are pleased therewith. We will never be dissatisfied. We will remain here forever, we will never travel. Then he recited the verse : The beautiful damsels detained in camps. In another verse : Pure women. Muzaher explained this by saying that they will be free menstruation, urine, stool, cough and children.", Al Ghazzali, "Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4", Death and Subsequent Events 430 (archived), http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm 
  41. ↑ "Do not kill yourselves. Verily, Allah is merciful to you. And, whoever does that, out of animosity and , We shall burn him in a Fire. And that is easy for Allah." Qur'an, 4:29-30
  42. ↑ Pakistan clerics issue fatwa against suicide bombings Reuters 16 January 2018
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Faisal Bodi, "Bombing for God (Special report: Israel and the Middle East)", The Guardian, August 28, 2001 (archived), http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/28/comment.israelandthepalestinians. 
  44. ↑ Sheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi - Palestinian Women Carrying Out Martyr Operations - Islam Online, November 6, 2006
  45. ↑ Is Suicide Bombing allowed in Islam? By Dr. Zakir Naik (a YouTube video posted by PeaceTVUK on September 20, 2008
  46. ↑ Abdul Haq Omari, "Pakistan Ulema Permits Suicide Attacks", TOLOnews, March 2, 2013 (archived), http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/9627-pakistan-ulema-permits-suicide-attacks. 
  47. ↑ Michael Freund - Right On: The straightforward arithmetic of jihad - The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2007
  48. ↑ Khalid A-H Ansari, "65% Pakistanis support Osama, says report", Mid Day, March 27, 2004 (archived), http://web.archive.org/web/20040412010339/http://web.mid-day.com/news/world/2004/march/79639.htm. 
  49. ↑ "One in eight UK Muslims 'support terrorist attacks'", Scotsman.com, March 15, 2004 (archived), http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/one_in_eight_uk_muslims_support_terrorist_attacks_1_517610. 
  50. ↑ Widespread concerns about extremism in Muslim nations, and little support for it Pew Research Centrue, 2015
  51. ↑ Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East Pew Research Centrue, 2014
  52. ↑ "Let those (believers) Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter fight in the cause of Allah and whoso fights in the cause of Allah, - and is slain or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward." - Quran 4:74
  53. ↑ "The model Palestinian mother sends her son to die as Martyr, thereby marrying him off", Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, January 8, 2012 (archived), http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565. 
  54. ↑ "72 wives await the Martyrs for Allah: Six rewards quoted in Hamas TV sermon", Al-Aqsa TV (Hamas), January 1, 2010 (archived), http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565. 
  55. ↑ "Beautiful virgins await Muslim Martyrs in Paradise" (archived), http://palwatch.org/main.aspx?fi=565.  - Palestinian TV (Fatah), February 7, 2010 (1 min)
  56. ↑ British martyrs 'promised 72 virgins' - BBC News, January 23, 2003
  57. ↑ Richard Kroes, "Missionary, dilettante or visionary? A review of Ch. Luxenberg, Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Qur'an", Livius, February 19, 2012 (archived), http://www.livius.org/opinion/Luxenberg.htm. 
  58. ↑ Sandro Magister, "The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran", Chiesa press, March 17, 2004 (archived), http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y. 
  59. ↑ Alexander Stille, "Revisionist historians argue Koran has been mistranslated", New York Times, March 2, 2002 (archived), http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/03/02/MN128985.DTL. 
  60. ↑ "The Holy Prophet said: 'The believer will be given such and such strength in Paradise for sexual intercourse. It was questioned: O prophet of Allah! can he do that? He said: "He will be given the strength of one hundred persons." - Mishkat al-Masabih Book IV, Chapter XLII, Paradise and Hell, Hadith Number 24
  61. ↑ "Once a Jewish learned man came to the Prophet and asked him : Who will first cross the Bridge? He said : The poor refugees : The Jew asked again : When they will enter paradise, what food will be served to them first? He said : Roasts of the livers of fish. He asked again : What will be their morning lunch? He said : Cows of paradise will be slaughtered for them. He said : What drink will be given to them? He said They will be given drink of Salsabil. The Jew said : You have spoken the truth. Once a Jew asked the Prophet : Do you think that the inmates of paradise will eat and drink? The Prophet said Yes, by One in whose hand there is my life, each one of them will be given food, drink and strength of one hundred man to have sexual intercourse. The Jew asked : Will he have any necessity of passing urine and stools? The Prophet said : In place of urine and stool, perspiration will come out of them like camphor and as a result their stomach will be cleared therefor.", Al Ghazzali, "Ihya Uloom Ed-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4" (archived), http://www.nderf.org/islamic_views_death.htm , The Book of Constructive Virtues 429
  62. ↑ Untouched before them by man or jinni Quran - 55:74
  63. ↑ Salih al-Munajjid, Sh. Muhammad, Fatwa 25843: Objection to the fact that a man will have hoor ‘iyn who will share her husband with her, Islam Question & Answer, 16-04-2003, https://islamqa.info/en/answers/25843/objection-to-the-fact-that-a-man-will-have-hoor-iyn-who-will-share-her-husband-with-her 
  64. ↑ Lane's Lexicon شَهِيٌّ
  65. ↑ Lane's Lexicon Supplement قُبُلٌ
  66. ↑ Lane's Lexicon ذَكَرٌ
  67. ↑ Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi, Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din, 10, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr, p. 545 
  68. ↑ Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi, Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din, 10, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr, pp. 545-547 
  69. ↑ Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi, Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din, 10, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr, p. 546 
  70. ↑ Muhammad al Husaini Murthada al Zabidi, Ithaf al-Sadah al-Muttaqin bi Sharh Ihya Uloom al-Din, 10, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr, p. 530 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Edited by Prof. John Esposito and Prof. Ibrahim Kalin - The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94) - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, 2009
  72. ↑ The Refutation of him who attributes direction to Allah - Kitaabun, accessed May 6, 2011
  73. ↑ Shaykh Gibril Haddad - How Many Wives Will The Believers Have In Paradise? - SunniPath, Question ID:4828, July 3, 2005
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