List of expeditions of Muhammad: Difference between revisions
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Sariyyah (expeditions which he ordered but did not take part (73))
Ghazwah (expeditions which he ordered and took part (27))
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3 | ||
|Kharar Caravan Raid | |||
|May & June 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127" /><ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Wahhab p. 345" /><ref name="autogeneratedy">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)}}</ref> | |May & June 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127" /><ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Wahhab p. 345" /><ref name="autogeneratedy">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |4 | ! style="background: pink;" |4 | ||
| | |Invasion of Waddan | ||
|August 623 <ref name="autogeneratedy">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref> | |August 623 <ref name="autogeneratedy">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |5 | ! style="background: pink;" |5 | ||
| | |Invasion of Buwat | ||
|October 623 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=13|quote=Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat}}</ref> | |October 623 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=13|quote=Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |6 | ! style="background: pink;" |6 | ||
| | |Invasion of Dul Ashir | ||
|December 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA245| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=245}}</ref> | |December 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA245| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=245}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |7 | ! style="background: pink;" |7 | ||
| | |Invasion of Safwan | ||
|623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245" /> | |623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245" /> | ||
|To pursue | |To pursue Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128" /> | ||
| | | | ||
*None, enemy escaped <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128" /> | *None, enemy escaped <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128" /> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8 | ||
| | |Nakhla Raid | ||
|January 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245" /> | |January 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245" /> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |9 | ! style="background: pink;" |9 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of Badr''' | ||
|March 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).}}</ref> | |March 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).}}</ref> | ||
|According to the Muslim scholar | |According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri the purpose was to raid a Quraysh caravan carrying 50,000 gold Dinars guarded by 40 men, and to further the Muslim political, economic and military position.<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 132. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612cLy78j online])</ref> The Muslim scholar Ibn Kathir also said the purpose of this battle was to capture Quraysh war booty/spoils and make Islam dominant by raiding the Quraysh Caravan, he claimed Muhammad encouraged the Muslims by saying: "This is the caravan of Quraysh carrying their property, so march forth to intercept it, Allah might make it as war spoils for you".<ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kH-dzOKFIC&pg=PA386 The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition], p. 386, ISBN 1861797699, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ([http://www.webcitation.org/6T6agQFtw online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10 | ||
|Assassination of Asma bint Marwan | |||
|January 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> | |January 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> | ||
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|Assassination of Abu Afak | |||
|February 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref> | |February 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |12 | ! style="background: pink;" |12 | ||
| | |Invasion of Sawiq | ||
|624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR13|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xiii}}</ref> | |624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR13|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xiii}}</ref> | ||
|Pursue | |Pursue Abu Sufyan for killing 2 Muslims and burning of palm trees<ref name="webcitation.org">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*2 Muslims killed<ref name="webcitation.org" /> | *2 Muslims killed<ref name="webcitation.org" /> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |13 | ! style="background: pink;" |13 | ||
| | |Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa | ||
|February 624 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 254.</ref> | |February 624 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 254.</ref> | ||
|Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the | |Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina<ref name="Watt 1956">{{citation | last = Watt | title = Muhammad at Medina | year = 1956| page=209}}.</ref> by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which lead to her being stripped naked<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150" /> | *Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150" /> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |14 | ! style="background: pink;" |14 | ||
| | |Al Kudr Invasion | ||
|May 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]]|year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=140}}</ref> | |May 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]]|year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=140}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |15 | ! style="background: pink;" |15 | ||
| | |Invasion of Thi Amr | ||
|September 624 <ref name="Tabari 2008 100">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |September 624 <ref name="Tabari 2008 100">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |16 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |16 | ||
|Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf | |||
|September 624 <ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref> | |September 624 <ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |17 | ! style="background: pink;" |17 | ||
| | |Invasion of Bahran | ||
|624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref> | |624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |18 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |18 | ||
| | |Nejd Caravan Raid | ||
|624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153" /> | |624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153" /> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |19 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |19 | ||
| | |Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik | ||
|December 624 <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14 | |December 624 <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14 | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |20 | ! style="background: pink;" |20 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of Uhud''' | ||
|March 23 625 <ref name="WattProphetStatesman">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C&dq| author=[[William Montgomery Watt]]|year=1961|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=135|isbn=0198810784|quote=The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=105|quote=Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).}}</ref> | |March 23 625 <ref name="WattProphetStatesman">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C&dq| author=[[William Montgomery Watt]]|year=1961|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=135|isbn=0198810784|quote=The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=105|quote=Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |21 | ! style="background: pink;" |21 | ||
| | |Invasion of Hamra al-Asad | ||
|March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |22 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |22 | ||
| | |Expedition of Qatan | ||
|June 625 <ref name="Muhammad at Medina" /> | |June 625 <ref name="Muhammad at Medina" /> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |23 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |23 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais | ||
|625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> | |625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |24 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |24 | ||
| | |Expedition of Al Raji | ||
|625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> | |625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |25 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |25 | ||
| | |The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri | ||
|627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi |title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA242 Atlas of the Quran]|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref> | |627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi |title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA242 Atlas of the Quran]|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |26 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |26 | ||
| | |Expedition of Bir Maona | ||
|July 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA151|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=151|quote=Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah}}</ref> | |July 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA151|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=151|quote=Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |27 | ! style="background: pink;" |27 | ||
| | |Invasion of Banu Nadir | ||
|August 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161|quote=The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)}}</ref> | |August 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161|quote=The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)}}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: pink;" |28 | ! style="background: pink;" |28 | ||
| | |Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa | ||
|October 625<ref name="Tabari 2008 161">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161}}</ref> or 627<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192" /> | |October 625<ref name="Tabari 2008 161">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161}}</ref> or 627<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192" /> | ||
| Line 343: | Line 343: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |29 | ! style="background: pink;" |29 | ||
| | |Invasion of Badr | ||
|January 626<ref name="Dr. Mosab" /> or March 625<ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /><ref name="autogeneratedwil">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA220| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=220–222}}</ref> | |January 626<ref name="Dr. Mosab" /> or March 625<ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /><ref name="autogeneratedwil">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA220| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=220–222}}</ref> | ||
| Line 355: | Line 355: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |30 | ! style="background: pink;" |30 | ||
| | |Invasion of Dumatul Jandal | ||
|July 626 <ref name="autogenerated2">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=225–226}}</ref> | |July 626 <ref name="autogenerated2">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=225–226}}</ref> | ||
| Line 366: | Line 366: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |31 | ! style="background: pink;" |31 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of the Trench''' | ||
|February 627 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 216.</ref> | |February 627 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 216.</ref> | ||
| Line 381: | Line 381: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |32 | ! style="background: pink;" |32 | ||
| | |Invasion of Banu Qurayza | ||
|February–March 627 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref> | |February–March 627 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref> | ||
| Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |33 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |33 | ||
| | |Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah | ||
|June 627 <ref name="archive">Muhammad Yasin Mahzar Siddiqi, [http://islamiccenter.kau.edu.sa/english/journal/issues/Pdf/1/01-MYMSiddiqi_12.pdf Role of Booty in the economy during the prophets time], Vol. 1, King Abdul Aziz University , p.11. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60ER6lpyp archive]), "In the sixth year of the hijrah (June, 627-May, 628A.D.) there were three | |June 627 <ref name="archive">Muhammad Yasin Mahzar Siddiqi, [http://islamiccenter.kau.edu.sa/english/journal/issues/Pdf/1/01-MYMSiddiqi_12.pdf Role of Booty in the economy during the prophets time], Vol. 1, King Abdul Aziz University , p.11. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60ER6lpyp archive]), "In the sixth year of the hijrah (June, 627-May, 628A.D.) there were three | ||
ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."</ref> | ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."</ref> | ||
| Line 413: | Line 413: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |34 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |34 | ||
| | |Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan | ||
|627 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ([http://www.webcitation.org/614715KWr online])</ref> | |627 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ([http://www.webcitation.org/614715KWr online])</ref> | ||
| Line 423: | Line 423: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |35 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |35 | ||
| | |First Raid on Banu Thalabah | ||
|August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /><ref name="tabari08">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA119|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=119}}</ref> | |August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /><ref name="tabari08">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA119|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=119}}</ref> | ||
| Line 433: | Line 433: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |36 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |36 | ||
| | |Second Raid on Banu Thalabah | ||
|August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /><ref name="tabari08" /> | |August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /><ref name="tabari08" /> | ||
| Line 444: | Line 444: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |37 | ! style="background: pink;" |37 | ||
| | |Invasion of Banu Lahyan | ||
|September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 455: | Line 455: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |38 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |38 | ||
| | |Raid on al-Ghabah | ||
| | | | ||
627<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=99}}</ref> | 627<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=99}}</ref> | ||
| Line 467: | Line 467: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |39 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |39 | ||
| | |Expedition of Dhu Qarad | ||
|September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 479: | Line 479: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |40 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |40 | ||
| | |Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum) | ||
|627 <ref name="ReferenceC" /> | |627 <ref name="ReferenceC" /> | ||
| Line 489: | Line 489: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |41 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |41 | ||
| | |Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is) | ||
|September 627 <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=96|quote=One was a little-known expedition about September 627 }} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |September 627 <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=96|quote=One was a little-known expedition about September 627 }} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | ||
| Line 499: | Line 499: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |42 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |42 | ||
| | |Third Raid on Banu Thalabah | ||
|627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 509: | Line 509: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |43 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |43 | ||
| | |Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma) | ||
|October 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |October 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 520: | Line 520: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |44 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |44 | ||
| | |Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura) | ||
|December 627 <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 12-13. | |December 627 <ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 12-13. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
| Line 531: | Line 531: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |45 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |45 | ||
| | |Invasion of Banu Mustaliq | ||
|December 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |December 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 544: | Line 544: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |46 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |46 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf | ||
|December 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |December 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 554: | Line 554: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |47 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |47 | ||
| | |Expedition of Fidak | ||
|627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 564: | Line 564: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |48 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |48 | ||
| | |Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura | ||
|January 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |January 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 577: | Line 577: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |49 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |49 | ||
| | |Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri | ||
|February 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |February 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 589: | Line 589: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |50 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |50 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha | ||
|February 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |February 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 611: | Line 611: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |52 | ! style="background: pink;" |52 | ||
| | |Conquest of Fidak | ||
|May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA180|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=180}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref> | |May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA180|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=180}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref> | ||
| Line 623: | Line 623: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |53 | ! style="background: pink;" |53 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of Khaybar''' | ||
|May/June 628 <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |May/June 628 <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | ||
| Line 636: | Line 636: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |54 | ! style="background: pink;" |54 | ||
| | |Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura | ||
|May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180" /> | |May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180" /> | ||
| Line 648: | Line 648: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |55 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |55 | ||
| | |Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab | ||
|December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | |December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242" /> | ||
| Line 721: | Line 721: | ||
*Non-Muslims: Most killed,<ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> 2 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zWxdlJv online])</ref> | *Non-Muslims: Most killed,<ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> 2 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zWxdlJv online])</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=153|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF IBN ABI AL-'AWJA AL-SULAMI AGAINST BAND SULAYM}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |62 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |62 | ||
| Line 732: | Line 732: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2672}} | *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2672}} | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |63 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |63 | ||
| | |Raid on Banu Layth | ||
|June 629 <ref name="The life of Mahomet" /> | |June 629 <ref name="The life of Mahomet" /> | ||
| Line 742: | Line 742: | ||
*"We killed the warriors and took the children prisoner." No numbers given, but the Muslims were "about ten men". | *"We killed the warriors and took the children prisoner." No numbers given, but the Muslims were "about ten men". | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Al-Waqidi, ''Kitab al-Maghazi''. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. (2011). ''The Life of Muhammad'', pp. 369–370. London & New York: Routledge. | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |64 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |64 | ||
| | |Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi | ||
|June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> | |June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> | ||
| Line 752: | Line 752: | ||
*Unknown | *Unknown | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=157|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF SHUJA' IBN WAHB AL-ASADl AGAINST BANU AMIR AT AL-SIYYI}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |65 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |65 | ||
| | |Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari | ||
|June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> | |June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> | ||
| Line 762: | Line 762: | ||
*14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244" /> | *14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244" /> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=158|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF KA'B IBN 'UMAYR AL-GHIFARl TOWARDS DHAT ATLAH BEYOND WADI AL-QURA. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of Ka'b Ibn 'Umayr al-Ghifar? towards Dhat Atlah which lies beyond Wadi al-Qura in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal of the eighth...}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |66 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |66 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of Mu'tah''' | ||
|August 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> | |August 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212" /> | ||
| Line 777: | Line 777: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |67 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |67 | ||
| | |Expedition of Amr ibn al-As | ||
|September 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629</ref> | |September 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629</ref> | ||
| Line 785: | Line 785: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|644}} | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|644}} | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |68 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |68 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah | ||
|October 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629</ref> | |October 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629</ref> | ||
| Line 796: | Line 796: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|3|44|663}}, {{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|21|4757}} | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|3|44|663}}, {{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|21|4757}} | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |69 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |69 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami | ||
|629 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|author=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |629 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|author=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | ||
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=123}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref> | |isbn=978-0887066917|pages=123}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref> | ||
| Line 809: | Line 809: | ||
| | | | ||
*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="https" /> | *[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="https" /> | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="books.google.com" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |70 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |70 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) | ||
|November<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}}</ref> or Dec 629<ref name="William Muir p. 106" /> | |November<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}}</ref> or Dec 629<ref name="William Muir p. 106" /> | ||
| Line 822: | Line 822: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |71 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |71 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam) | ||
|December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218" /> | |December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218" /> | ||
| Line 831: | Line 831: | ||
*{{Cite quran|4|94}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref> | *{{Cite quran|4|94}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref> | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}} | *{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}} | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |72 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |72 | ||
|''' | |'''Conquest of Mecca''' | ||
|December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218" /> | |December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218" /> | ||
| Line 850: | Line 850: | ||
*[[Quran]] 12:91-92, {{Cite quran|34|49}}, {{Cite quran|49|13}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.</ref> | *[[Quran]] 12:91-92, {{Cite quran|34|49}}, {{Cite quran|49|13}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.</ref> | ||
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2678}} and more | *{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2678}} and more | ||
* | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |73 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |73 | ||
| | |Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla) | ||
|December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA226|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=226}}</ref> | |December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA226|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=226}}</ref> | ||
|To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 134.</ref> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zbcUEo4 online])</ref> | |To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 134.</ref> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zbcUEo4 online])</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*1 women killed by | *1 women killed by Khalid ibn Walid<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256" /> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Al-Sunan al-Sughra<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9), Volume 9|authors=[[Ibn Kathir]], ?afi al-Ra?man Mubarakfuri (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA320|page=320}} ([http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=53&tid=50989 online])</ref> | ||
* | *Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|page=25}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/34864705/The-Book-of-Idols online])</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |74 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |74 | ||
| | |Raid of Amr ibn al-As | ||
|December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | |December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | ||
| Line 874: | Line 874: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |75 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |75 | ||
| | |Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali | ||
|December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | |December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | ||
| Line 882: | Line 882: | ||
| | | | ||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=181}}</ref> | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=181}}</ref> | ||
* | *Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|pages=13–14}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/34864705/The-Book-of-Idols online])</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |76 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |76 | ||
| | |Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) | ||
|January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | |January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | ||
| Line 893: | Line 893: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|628}}<ref>Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of ?ahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.</ref> | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|628}}<ref>Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of ?ahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.</ref> | ||
* | *Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref> | ||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=183}}</ref> | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=183}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |77 | ! style="background: pink;" |77 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of Hunayn''' | ||
|January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | |January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | ||
|To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the | |To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the Conquest of Mecca<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zcciKiY online])</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*Muslims: 5 killed<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 143.</ref> | *Muslims: 5 killed<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 143.</ref> | ||
| Line 909: | Line 909: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |78 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |78 | ||
| | |Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi | ||
|January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | |January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226" /> | ||
|Destroy the idol Yaguth<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=194}}</ref> and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Islam so they can lend him catapults to use in the | |Destroy the idol Yaguth<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=194}}</ref> and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Islam so they can lend him catapults to use in the Siege of Taif<ref>William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 145.</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194" /> | *None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194" /> | ||
| Line 919: | Line 919: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |79 | ! style="background: pink;" |79 | ||
| | |Battle of Autas | ||
|630 <ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSP046th6IC&pg=PA101authors=Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) |year= 1998| publisher = State University of New York (SUNY) Press|isbn=0791428192|page=101|quote=Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630}}</ref> | |630 <ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSP046th6IC&pg=PA101authors=Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) |year= 1998| publisher = State University of New York (SUNY) Press|isbn=0791428192|page=101|quote=Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630}}</ref> | ||
|Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. | |Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. Washington Irving claims that the tribes were hostile to Muhammad and wanted to attack him because he was spreading Islam by the sword, and because the tribes feared Muhammad would attack them anyway for vengeance<ref>{{citation|title=Lives of Mahomet and his successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gRkYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111| first=Washington|last=Irving|date=February 21, 2008|publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC | ||
|isbn=978-0548883037|pages=111–113}}. Note: A Full version of this book is available free on Google books</ref> | |isbn=978-0548883037|pages=111–113}}. Note: A Full version of this book is available free on Google books</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 935: | Line 935: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |80 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |80 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari | ||
|January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /> | |January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /> | ||
| Line 945: | Line 945: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|612}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|3|6092}} | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|612}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|3|6092}} | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA17| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|page=17}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |81 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |81 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari | ||
|January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /> | |January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab" /> | ||
| Line 957: | Line 957: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|612}} | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|612}} | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |82 | ! style="background: pink;" |82 | ||
| | |Siege of Ta'if | ||
|January 630 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 481">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA481| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=481}} Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD</ref> | |January 630 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 481">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA481| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=481}} Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD</ref> | ||
| Line 969: | Line 969: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|615}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|9|93|572}} and more | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|615}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|9|93|572}} and more | ||
* | *Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=591}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |83 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |83 | ||
| | |Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn | ||
|April 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA228|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=228}}</ref> | |April 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA228|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=228}}</ref> | ||
| Line 986: | Line 986: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |84 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |84 | ||
| | |Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir | ||
|May 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=229}}</ref> | |May 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=229}}</ref> | ||
| Line 998: | Line 998: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |85 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |85 | ||
| | |Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi | ||
|June 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=230}}</ref> | |June 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=230}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,008: | Line 1,008: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |86 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |86 | ||
| | |Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz | ||
|July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=231}}</ref> | |July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=231}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,018: | Line 1,018: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |87 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |87 | ||
| | |Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad | ||
|July 630 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 202" /> | |July 630 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 202" /> | ||
| Line 1,028: | Line 1,028: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |88 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |88 | ||
| | |Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib | ||
|July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=233}}</ref> | |July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=233}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,035: | Line 1,035: | ||
*Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref> | *Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270" /> | ||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref> | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |89 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |89 | ||
| | |Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy) | ||
|July 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref> | |July 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,049: | Line 1,049: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: pink;" |90 | ! style="background: pink;" |90 | ||
|''' | |'''Battle of Tabouk''' | ||
|October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | |October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | ||
|Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the | |Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was the reason for the Battle of Tabouk also, and that there was a rumour Heraclius was preparing an attack on Muslims.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.</ref> William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe.<ref>{{cite book|last=William|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA454|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|page=454}}</ref> A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire<ref>{{cite book|last=R.L. Bidwell (editor)|first=R.|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VhturGtQIyAC&pg=PA95 New Arabian studies, Volume 3]|publisher=University of Exeter Press|date=Feb 1996|isbn=978-0859894791|page=95}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*None, no enemies met<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272" /> | *None, no enemies met<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272" /> | ||
| Line 1,062: | Line 1,062: | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |91 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |91 | ||
| | |Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal) | ||
|October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | |October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | ||
| Line 1,069: | Line 1,069: | ||
*1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref> | *1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Sunan Abu Dawud {{Hadith-usc|abudawud|19|3031}} | ||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=205}}</ref> | *Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=205}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |92 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |92 | ||
| | |Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb | ||
|630 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA46| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |630 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA46| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | ||
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=46}} Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630</ref> | |isbn=978-0887066917|page=46}} Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630</ref> | ||
| Line 1,082: | Line 1,082: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Cite quran|17|73}} | *{{Cite quran|17|73}} | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=45–46}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |93 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |93 | ||
| | |Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar | ||
|630 <ref name="IbnKathir176">{{cite book|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|title=The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA176|work=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|accessdate=29 June 2011|page=176|isbn=1861796501|publisher=MSA Publication Limited|year=2009}} Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)</ref> | |630 <ref name="IbnKathir176">{{cite book|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|title=The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA176|work=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|accessdate=29 June 2011|page=176|isbn=1861796501|publisher=MSA Publication Limited|year=2009}} Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)</ref> | ||
| Line 1,095: | Line 1,095: | ||
*{{Cite quran|9|107}}<ref name="Rahman al Mubarakpuri 515">{{cite book|last=Rahman al Mubarakpuri|first=Saifur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA515 | *{{Cite quran|9|107}}<ref name="Rahman al Mubarakpuri 515">{{cite book|last=Rahman al Mubarakpuri|first=Saifur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA515 | ||
|title=Tafsir ibn Kathir(abridged)|page=515}} ([http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=9&tid=22010 Online])</ref> | |title=Tafsir ibn Kathir(abridged)|page=515}} ([http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=9&tid=22010 Online])</ref> | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|page=60}}</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |94 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |94 | ||
| | |Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal) | ||
|April 631 <ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191">{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}} Original is from the University of Virginia</ref><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48">{{cite book|last=ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|page=48}}</ref> | |April 631 <ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191">{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}} Original is from the University of Virginia</ref><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48">{{cite book|last=ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|page=48}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,105: | Line 1,105: | ||
*Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims<ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191" /><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48" /> | *Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims<ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191" /><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48" /> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|pages=48–49}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/34864705/The-Book-of-Idols online])</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |95 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |95 | ||
| | |Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah | ||
|April 631 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote= Beginning of A.H. X}} Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631</ref><ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref> | |April 631 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote= Beginning of A.H. X}} Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631</ref><ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,115: | Line 1,115: | ||
*Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=88–89}}</ref> | *Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=88–89}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89" /> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |96 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |96 | ||
| | |Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran) | ||
|June 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | |June 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | ||
| Line 1,126: | Line 1,126: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Quran-usc|3|61}}<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul Rahman|year=11 Nov 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|page=125|isbn=978-1861796776}}</ref> | *{{Quran-usc|3|61}}<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul Rahman|year=11 Nov 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|page=125|isbn=978-1861796776}}</ref> | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 82-84.</ref> | ||
* | *Hamidullah, Majmu'ah (Original letters of Muhammad)<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 83 & 84. See footnotes</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |97 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |97 | ||
| | |Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij) | ||
|December 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | |December 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | ||
| Line 1,138: | Line 1,138: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|24|573}} | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|24|573}} | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 89.</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |98 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |98 | ||
| | |Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan) | ||
|632 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | |632 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239" /> | ||
| Line 1,148: | Line 1,148: | ||
*None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 290" /> | *None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 290" /> | ||
| | | | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 90.</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |99 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |99 | ||
| | |Demolition of Dhul Khalasa | ||
|April 632 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote=April and May, 632}}</ref> | |April 632 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote=April and May, 632}}</ref> | ||
| Line 1,159: | Line 1,159: | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|642}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|643}} and more | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|642}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|643}} and more | ||
* | *Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|pages=31–32}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/34864705/The-Book-of-Idols online])</ref> | ||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |-<!-- New row starts here --> | ||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |100 | ! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |100 | ||
| | |Expedition of Usama bin Zayd | ||
|May 632 <ref>{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|page=31}}</ref> | |May 632 <ref>{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|page=31}}</ref> | ||
|Invade Palestine and attack | |Invade Palestine and attack Moab and Darum<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32">{{citation|title=A history of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31|first=Moshe|last=Gil |year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521599849|pages=31–32}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
*Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of | *Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of Cambridge University<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32" /> | ||
| | | | ||
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|744}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|745}} and more | *{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|744}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|745}} and more | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA163| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | ||
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=163–164}} [http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online]</ref> | |isbn=978-0887066917|pages=163–164}} [http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online]</ref> | ||
* | *Tabari, Volume 10, Conquest of Arabia<ref name="Tabari 1993 16">{{citation|title=The conquest of Arabia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VA5Uke7IpHkC&pg=PA16|first=Al|last=Tabari|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press | ||
|isbn=978-0791410714|page=16}}</ref> | |isbn=978-0791410714|page=16}}</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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The List of expeditions of Muhammad, also includes a list of battles by Muhammad's order and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles.
List of Battles
- Key/Legend
| No. | Name | Date | Muhammad's order and reason for expedition | Casualties description | Notable primary sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ali's Caravan Raid | 623 [1][2][3][4] | Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty[5] |
|
|
| 2 | Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid | 623 [1][2][3][6] | Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty[4][5] |
|
|
| 3 | Kharar Caravan Raid | May & June 623 [1][2][3][4][8] | Attack a Quraysh caravan[4] |
|
|
| 4 | Invasion of Waddan | August 623 [8][9] | Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels[4][8] |
|
|
| 5 | Invasion of Buwat | October 623 [11][12] | Raid a Quraysh caravan which included 200 camels[13][14] |
|
|
| 6 | Invasion of Dul Ashir | December 623 [15] | Attack a Quraysh caravan[6] | ||
| 7 | Invasion of Safwan | 623 [15] | To pursue Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals[13] |
|
|
| 8 | Nakhla Raid | January 624[15] | Attack a Quraysh caravan and gather information[6][18] |
|
|
| 9 | Battle of Badr | March 624 [22] | According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri the purpose was to raid a Quraysh caravan carrying 50,000 gold Dinars guarded by 40 men, and to further the Muslim political, economic and military position.[23] The Muslim scholar Ibn Kathir also said the purpose of this battle was to capture Quraysh war booty/spoils and make Islam dominant by raiding the Quraysh Caravan, he claimed Muhammad encouraged the Muslims by saying: "This is the caravan of Quraysh carrying their property, so march forth to intercept it, Allah might make it as war spoils for you".[24] |
|
|
| 10 | Assassination of Asma bint Marwan | January 624 [29] | Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him[30] |
|
|
| 11 | Assassination of Abu Afak | February 624 [32] | Kill Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry[31] |
|
|
| 12 | Invasion of Sawiq | 624 [35] | Pursue Abu Sufyan for killing 2 Muslims and burning of palm trees[36] |
|
|
| 13 | Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa | February 624 [39] | Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina[40] by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which lead to her being stripped naked[41] |
|
|
| 14 | Al Kudr Invasion | May 624 [48] | Surprise attack on the Banu Salim tribe for allegedly plotting to attack Medina[49] |
|
|
| 15 | Invasion of Thi Amr | September 624 [51][52] | Raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of Medina[53] |
|
|
| 16 | Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf | September 624 [55] | According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".[56][57] |
|
|
| 17 | Invasion of Bahran | 624 [58] | Raid the Banu Sulaym tribe,[59] no reason given in primary sources ( Possibly a continuation of the previous war) |
|
|
| 18 | Nejd Caravan Raid | 624 [58] | Intercept and capture Quraysh caravan and its goods[58] |
|
|
| 19 | Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik | December 624 [63] | Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies[64] |
|
|
| 20 | Battle of Uhud | March 23 625 [67][68] | Defend against Quraysh attack[69] |
|
|
| 21 | Invasion of Hamra al-Asad | March 625[73] | Prevent Quraysh attack on weakened Muslim army[74] |
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| 22 | Expedition of Qatan | June 625 [73] | Attack Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe after receiving intelligence that they were allegedly plotting to attack Medina[81] |
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| 23 | Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais | 625 [83] | Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims[83] |
|
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| 24 | Expedition of Al Raji | 625 [88] | Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam,[88] but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers.[89] According to William Montgomery Watt, the seven men Muhammad sent may have been spies for Muhammad and instructors for Arab tribes.[90] Watt's claim that they were spies and not missionaries is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari [91] |
| |
| 25 | The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri | 627 [94] | Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate Abu Sufyan[95] to avenge Khubyab bin Adi.[96] According to the Muslim scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, the Quraysh ordered Khubyab bin Adi to be crucified by Uqba bin al-Harith during the Expedition of Al Raji because he had killed Uqba bin al-Harith's father.[97] | ||
| 26 | Expedition of Bir Maona | July 625 [100] | Muhammad sends Missionaries at request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe,[101] but the Muslims are killed as revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers[89] | ||
| 27 | Invasion of Banu Nadir | August 625 [104] | Muslim scholars (like Mubarakpuri) claim, the Banu Nadir were attacked because the Angel Gabriel told Muhammad that some of the Banu Nadir wanted to assassinate him.[105] Watt contends it was in response to the tribe’s criticism of Muhammad and doubts they wanted to assassinate Muhammad. He says "it is possible that the allegation was no more than an excuse to justify the attack".[106] |
|
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| 28 | Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa | October 625[110] or 627[108] | Attack the Banu Ghatafan tribe, because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose[108] |
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| 29 | Invasion of Badr | January 626[3] or March 625[94][113] | Attack the Quraysh led by Abu Sufyan, both sides were preparing to fight each other again at Badr[114] |
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| 30 | Invasion of Dumatul Jandal | July 626 [116] | Invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself[117] |
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| 31 | Battle of the Trench | February 627 [120] | Muhammad orders Muslims to defend Medina from attack, after Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes form an alliance with the Quraysh to attack him as revenge for expelling them from Medina.[121][122] The Muslim scholar Ibn Kathir states: "The reason why the Confederates came was that a group of the leaders of the Jews of Banu Nadir, whom the Messenger of Allah had expelled from Al-Madinah to Khaybar, including Sallam bin Abu Al-Huqayq, Sallam bin Mishkam and Kinanah bin Ar-Rabi`, went to Makkah where they met with the leaders of Quraysh and incited them to make war against the Prophet" [123] |
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| 32 | Invasion of Banu Qurayza | February–March 627 [126] |
Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.[76][77][78][127][128][129] Al-Waqidi claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi.[130] Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable.[131][132] |
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| 33 | Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah | June 627 [139] | Attack Bani Bakr sept for booty/spoils[140][141][142] |
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| 34 | Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan | 627 [144] | Attack Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma tribe to capture booty/spoils[144][145] |
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| 35 | First Raid on Banu Thalabah | August 627 [3][94][147] | Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, because he suspected they would be tempted to steal his camels[146] |
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| 36 | Second Raid on Banu Thalabah | August 627 [3][94][147] | Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, as revenge for the 1st failed raid on them in which 9 Muslims died[146] |
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| 37 | Invasion of Banu Lahyan | September 627 [3][94] | Attack the Banu Lahyan tribe to get revenge for the killing of 10 Muslims in the Expedition of Al Raji[146] |
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| 38 | Raid on al-Ghabah |
627[152] |
Initially no orders given by Muhammad, Amr ibn al-Akwa pursues Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari after seeing him seize 20 of Muhammad's camels while calling for help.[152] Muhammad then heard the calls and sent reinforcements.[153] |
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| 39 | Expedition of Dhu Qarad | September 627 [3][94] | To attack a group of men led by Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari, who raided the outskirts of the Medina; and seized 20 of Muhammad's milch camels[155] |
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| 40 | Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum) | 627 [146] | To raid al-Jumum and capture booty/spoils[158] |
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| 41 | Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is) | September 627 [160] | Attack Quraysh caravan and loot their camels[146][161] | ||
| 42 | Third Raid on Banu Thalabah | 627 [94] | To raid Banu Thalabah and capture their camels as booty[162] |
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| 43 | Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma) | October 627 [94] | Attack robbers who attacked Muhammad's envoy, Dhiyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi[164] |
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| 44 | Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura) | December 627 [166] | Survey the area and to monitor the movements of the enemies of Muhammad[162] | ||
| 45 | Invasion of Banu Mustaliq | December 627 [94] | Attack Banu Mustaliq because Muhammad received some rumours that the Banu Mustaliq were preparing to attack him.[168] The Banu Mustaliq also believed that Muhammad was preparing to attack them, both sides sent spies to confirm the reports, but the Banu Mustaliq spy was killed by Muslims, and then Muhammad told his followers to prepare for war[169] | ||
| 46 | Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf | December 627 [94] | 700 men sent to get the Christian king Al-Asbagh and his people to convert to Islam within 3 days or pay Jizyah[172][173] |
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| 47 | Expedition of Fidak | 627 [94] | Attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe, because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help the Jews of Khaybar[176] |
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| 48 | Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura | January 628 [94] | Raid the inhabitants of Wadi al-Qura for revenge, because a number of Muslims were killed when they tried to raid the inhabitants previously, but failed[178] |
| |
| 49 | Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri | February 628 [94] | Capture 8 men who came to him to convert to Islam, but then killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels[181] |
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| 50 | Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha | February 628 [94] | Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him[184][185] |
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| 51 | Treaty of Hudaybiyyah | March 628 [189] | March to Mecca to perform the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah)[190] |
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| 52 | Conquest of Fidak | May 628 [192] | To force the Jews of Fidak to surrender their properties and wealth (accepting his terms) or be attacked[137] |
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| 53 | Battle of Khaybar | May/June 628 [195] | To attack the Jews of Khaybar for booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed (according to Watt)[196] |
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| 54 | Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura | May 628 [192] | Attack the Jews of Wadi al Qura to conquer their land[200] |
| |
| 55 | Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab | December 628 [94] | Attack Banu Hawazin for booty[202] |
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| 56 | Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq | December 628 [94] | Attack the Banu Kilab tribe[203] |
| |
| 57 | Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak) | December 628 [206] | Attack for Banu Murrah tribe to capture booty [207][208] | ||
| 58 | Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah) | January 629 [206] | Attack the Banu ‘Awâl and Banu Thalabah tribes to capture booty (camels and flock)[210] |
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| 59 | Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak) | May 629[213] | Attack the Banu Murrah as revenge for the killing of Muslims in a failed raid carried out by Muslims[214] |
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| 60 | Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen) | February 629 [206] | Attack a large group of polytheists who Muhammad believed gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah[185] |
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| 61 | Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami | April 629[213] | 50 men sent to demand the allegiance of the Banu Sualym tribe to Islam[217] |
| |
| 62 | Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid) | May 629 [213] | To raid the Banu al-Mulawwih tribe for booty[185][215] |
| |
| 63 | Raid on Banu Layth | June 629 [126] | Attack Banu Layth, camels plundered[214] |
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| 64 | Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi | June 629 [213] | Raid the Banu Amir tribe to plunder camels for booty[220][221] |
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| 65 | Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari | June 629 [213] | Attack Banu Quda‘a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions[218] |
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| 66 | Battle of Mu'tah | August 629 [213] | Raid the inhabitants of Mut'ah, because one of Muhammad's messenger was killed by the chief of Ma’ab or Mu’tah[224] |
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| 67 | Expedition of Amr ibn al-As | September 629 [226] | To subjugate the Banu Qudah tribe, and incite the tribes friendly to Muhammad to attack them, because of a rumour that the Banu Qudah were preparing to attack Medina and to improve Muslim prestige[227][228] |
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| 68 | Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah | October 629 [230] | Attack the tribe of Juhaynah and raid a caravan[231][232][233] |
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| 69 | Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami | 629 [234][235] | To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of Qais to fight him[235] |
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| 70 | Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) | November[238] or Dec 629[231] | Attack the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"[239] |
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| 71 | Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam) | December 629 [238] | To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam[241] |
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| 72 | Conquest of Mecca | December 629 [238] | To Conquer Mecca[245] |
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| 73 | Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla) | December 629 [250] | To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"[251] and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"[252] |
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| 74 | Raid of Amr ibn al-As | December 629 [250] | To destroy Suwa because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"[251] and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"[252] |
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| 75 | Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali | December 629 [250] | To destroy Manat because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"[251] and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"[252] |
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| 76 | Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) | January 630 [250] | Invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam[258] |
| |
| 77 | Battle of Hunayn | January 630 [250] | To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the Conquest of Mecca[263] | ||
| 78 | Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi | January 630 [250] | Destroy the idol Yaguth[267] and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Islam so they can lend him catapults to use in the Siege of Taif[268] |
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|
| 79 | Battle of Autas | 630 [269] | Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. Washington Irving claims that the tribes were hostile to Muhammad and wanted to attack him because he was spreading Islam by the sword, and because the tribes feared Muhammad would attack them anyway for vengeance[270] |
| |
| 80 | Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari | January 630 [3] | Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn[274] |
|
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| 81 | Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari | January 630 [3] | Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn[274] |
| |
| 82 | Siege of Ta'if | January 630 [278] | Attack enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif[265] |
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| 83 | Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn | April 630 [281] | Attack the Muslim tribe of Banu Tamim for refusing to pay tax (Zakat)[282] |
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| 84 | Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir | May 630 [287] | Attack the Banu Khatham tribe to capture booty[283][288] |
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| 85 | Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi | June 630 [289] | To call the Banu Kilab tribe to embrace Islam[283] |
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| 86 | Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz | July 630 [291] | Attack a group of Abyssinians (Ethiopians) who Muhammad suspected were pirates[283][292][293] |
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| 87 | Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad | July 630 [292] | Muhammad sent him to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dhar Ghifari at al-Ghaba[292][294] |
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| 88 | Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib | July 630 [296] | Destroy al-Qullus, an idol worshipped by pagans[297] | ||
| 89 | Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy) | July 630 [300] | Attack the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy, no further details[300][301] |
|
|
| 90 | Battle of Tabouk | October 630 [300] | Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the Battle of Mutah. Mubrakpuri claims this was the reason for the Battle of Tabouk also, and that there was a rumour Heraclius was preparing an attack on Muslims.[302] William Muir claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan against the Banu Udrah tribe.[303] A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire[304] |
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| 91 | Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal) | October 630 [300] | Attack the Christian prince of Duma.[307] |
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| 92 | Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb | 630 [310] | To demolish the idol al-Lat[311] |
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| 93 | Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar | 630 [313] | Demolish a mosque for promoting opposition[307] |
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| 94 | Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal) | April 631 [317][318] | Demolish an idol called Wadd,[318][319] worshipped by the Banu Kilab tribe[320] |
| |
| 95 | Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah | April 631 [322][323] | Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood[322] |
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| 96 | Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran) | June 631 [300] | Call on the people of Najran to embrace Islam or fight the Muslims[325] |
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| 97 | Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij) | December 631 [300] | Attack the Banu Nakhla tribe to reduce them to submission[329] |
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| 98 | Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan) | 632 [300] | To call the people of Hamdan to embrace Islam[331] |
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| 99 | Demolition of Dhul Khalasa | April 632 [322] | Demolish the Temple of Dhul Khalasa worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes[333] |
| |
| 100 | Expedition of Usama bin Zayd | May 632 [336] | Invade Palestine and attack Moab and Darum[337] |
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|
Notes
- Ibn Hisham edited the biography of Muhammad written by Ibn Ishaq.[340] Ibn Ishaq's work is lost and is now only known in the recensions of Ibn Hisham and al-Tabari.[341] Therefore, when Ibn Hisham is mentioned as a primary source, so is Ibn Ishaq
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "In the first two or three expeditions the numbers involved are given as from 20 to 80. In those of the later part of 623 (ii-vi/2), however, when Muhammad himself took part, they are said to have ranged up to 200.". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. (online)
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Hawarey, Dr. Mosab. The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 9789957051648, 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=vJVqNwAACAAJ&dq=9789957051648.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Mu?ammad Ibn ?Abd al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 345.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Richard A. Gabriel, Muhammad, Islam's first great general, p. 73.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mu?ammad Ibn ?Abd al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 346.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "autogeneratedy" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 345, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 118.
- ↑ "Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 13, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 128. (online)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 285, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 245, ISBN 978-9960899558, 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA245
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. pp. 285–286, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. pp. 286, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.128-131. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 246, ISBN 978-9960899558, 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA246
- ↑ Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 347.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 247, ISBN 978-9960899558, 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA247 See footnote 1, page 247
- ↑ "Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 132. (online)
- ↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition, p. 386, ISBN 1861797699, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. (online)
- ↑ Mu?ammad A?mad Bashmil, The great battle of Badr, p. 122.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133-138. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. (online)
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 210, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 130, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. pp. 675–676, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 133, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. pp. 675, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ ""Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR13
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. (online)
- ↑ "Raid called al-Sawiq". Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. pp. 361, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 33–34. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 254.
- ↑ Watt, Muhammad at Medina, p. 209, 1956.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. (online)
- ↑ Sazman-i Tablighat-i Islami, Al-Taw?id, 5, Tehran, Iran: Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept, p. 86, 1987, https://books.google.com/books?ei=gqIVTsfPE4i58gPsotUP&ct=result&id=7MfXAAAAMAAJ&dq=band
- ↑ "This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.", Rodwell, JM, The Koran, Phoenix, p. 342, ISBN 978-1-8421-2609-7, https://books.google.com/books?id=h-pqPwAACAAJ&dq
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 248. ISBN 978-9-9608-9754-7, 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA248.(online)
- ↑ Francis E. Peters. A Reader on classical Islam. Princeton University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0691000404, 1993. https://books.google.com/books?id=KnAO36Jh6bMC&pg=PA78.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 32. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa.
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 86, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA86
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 140, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 147. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 659, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 100, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100
- ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956. (free online)
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Strauch, Sameh, Biography of the Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 472, ISBN 9789960980324, 2006, https://books.google.com/books?id=i8bbHTcRV5kC&pg=PA472
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 40–41. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa.
- ↑ "SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Ka?b b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. (online)
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. (online)
- ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956. (online)
- ↑ "Raid of al Furu of Bahran". Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 362, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 290 (footnote 1).
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 99, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA99
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 204, 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ "THE KILLING OF SALLAM IBN ABU'L-HUQAYQ". Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 482, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ "The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...", William Montgomery Watt, Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, p. 135, ISBN 0198810784, 1961, https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C&dq
- ↑ "Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 105, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 181. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299-300.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 296 (footnote 2).
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 "The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Limited, pp. 89, ISBN 9781861796820, 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=7HbuNwN9Jk0C&pg=PA89(online)
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1, 2002
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222-224.
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.
- ↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, p. 89, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 186179682X
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 390, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 349.
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 150. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. (online)
- ↑ Sunnah.org, says Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, archive
- ↑ Abu Dawud 2:1244, hadithcollection.com (archive)
- ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, pp. 121, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121 (online)
- ↑ Isma?il ibn ?Umar Ibn Kathir, The life of the prophet Mu?ammad: a translation of al-Sira al-Nabawiyya, Garnet, p. 190, ISBN 978-1859640098, 2000, https://books.google.com/books?id=klAKAQAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. (online)
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 "The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors.". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (online)
- ↑ "The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors.". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1, 1956 (online)
- ↑ Kailtyn Chick, Kailtyn Chick, p. 338, Hamlet Book Publishing , 2013
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187-188. (online)
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 66. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa.
- ↑ 94.00 94.01 94.02 94.03 94.04 94.05 94.06 94.07 94.08 94.09 94.10 94.11 94.12 94.13 94.14 94.15 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960897547, 2003.(online)
- ↑ 95.0 95.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211.
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 147, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, pp. 350-351.
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, pp. 149–150, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA149
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 147, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147
- ↑ "Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA151
- ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 352.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 352 (footnote 1).
- ↑ "The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161
- ↑ 105.0 105.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. (online)
- ↑ "The main underlying reason for the expulsion of the clan of al-Nadir was the same as in the case of Quaynuqa, namely, that Jewish criticisms endangered the ordinary Muslim's belief in Muhammad's prophethood and in the Quran as revelation from God.", Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xxxv, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR35
- ↑ Vesselin Popovski, Gregory M. Reichberg, Nicholas Turner. World religions and norms of war. United Nations University Press. p. 296. ISBN 9789280811636, 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=0gPXAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 192. (online)
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA119
- ↑ 110.0 110.1 Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 74. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, p. 224, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA223
- ↑ Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 220–222, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA220
- ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. (online)
- ↑ Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 222, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA222 See footnote
- ↑ Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 225–226, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 657, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ "Ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, to Dumat Al-Jandal". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 76. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=jandal
- ↑ Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 216.
- ↑ 121.0 121.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 82–84. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=jandal.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198. (online)
- ↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 21 (Part 21): Al-Ankaboot 46 to Al-Azhab 30 2nd Edition, p. 122, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 1861797338. (online)
- ↑ Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, p. 167-174.
- ↑ 125.0 125.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198.
- ↑ 126.0 126.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413, 2003, https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ 127.0 127.1 127.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. (online)
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 128.2 Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, pp. 213, ISBN 9781861796110, 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213(online)
- ↑ Subhash C. Inamdar, Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity, Psychosocial Press, p. 166 (footnotes), ISBN 1887841288, 2001, https://books.google.com/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 14-16.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Islam, section on "Muhammad"
- ↑ Watt, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Section on "Kurayza, Banu".
- ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, pp. 213, ISBN 9781861796110, 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA194(online)
- ↑ 137.0 137.1 Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.
- ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ Muhammad Yasin Mahzar Siddiqi, Role of Booty in the economy during the prophets time, Vol. 1, King Abdul Aziz University , p.11. (archive), "In the sixth year of the hijrah (June, 627-May, 628A.D.) there were three ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. (online)
- ↑ 141.0 141.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 96. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq=qurata.
- ↑ 142.0 142.1 Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, p. 534-535.
- ↑ "SARIYYAH OF MUHAMMAD IBN MASLAMAH AGAINST AL-QURATA". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 96. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq=qurata
- ↑ 144.0 144.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. (online)
- ↑ 145.0 145.1 "Then occurred the sariyyah of 'Ukkashah Ibn Mihsan al-Asadl on al-Ghamr.". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 104. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ 146.00 146.01 146.02 146.03 146.04 146.05 146.06 146.07 146.08 146.09 146.10 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. (online)
- ↑ 147.0 147.1 Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 119, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA119
- ↑ "despatched Muhammad Ibn Maslamah with ten men towards Bana Tha'labah and Bana 'Uwal, a branch of Bana Tia'labah who were...". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 105. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover (online)
- ↑ Yahiya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi, Riyad-us Saliheen, Islamic Books, 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=28KCOnhdJHsC&printsec=frontcover See no. 1309
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 97. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 152.0 152.1 152.2 152.3 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 99. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 351, Islamic Book Trust
- ↑ Tabari, The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 8: The Victory of Islam: Muhammad at Medina A, p. 43, SUNY Press, 1997, ISBN 0791431509
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 231. (online)
- ↑ "Then there was the raid on Muhammad's private herd of camels by 'Uyaynah b. Hisn al-Fazari, who was doubtless annoyed because Muhammad had broken off negotiations with him over the withdrawal of Ghatafan. The raid was a small affair. Only 40 enemy horsemen were involved, and the booty was only 20 milking camels; 8 Muslims pursued on horseback, recovered half the camels, and killed 4 of the raiders for the loss of i of their own number.". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 100. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ "Haritha on the raid to al-Jamum and Zayd obtained goats and sheep and captured a group of unbelievers...", Uri Rubin, The Life of Mu?ammad, Ashgate, p. 223, ISBN 9780860787037, 1998, https://books.google.com/books?id=bsXXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 106. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ "One was a little-known expedition about September 627". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ 161.0 161.1 161.2 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 107. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 162.0 162.1 162.2 162.3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. (online)
- ↑ "Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards al-Taraf". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 107. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ 164.0 164.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226. (online)
- ↑ "Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha against Hisma". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 108. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 12-13.
- ↑ 167.0 167.1 "Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards Wadi al-Qura". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 109. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Sir William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira: with introductory chapters on the original sources for the biography of Mahomet and on the pre-Islamite history of Arabia, Volume 3, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 237, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkUAAAAYAAJ&pg=front (abridged version)
- ↑ 169.0 169.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 207-209. (online)
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 310, ISBN 9780766177413, 2003, https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover (original)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 490, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 672, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 672, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
- ↑ 177.0 177.1 "SARIYYAH OF 'ALI IBN ABl TALIB AGAINST BANU SA'D IBN BAKR AT FADAK". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 110. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
- ↑ 180.0 180.1 180.2 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 95–97, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ 181.0 181.1 181.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land", and Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version
- ↑ 184.0 184.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17
- ↑ 185.0 185.1 185.2 185.3 185.4 185.5 185.6 185.7 185.8 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. (online)
- ↑ Tirmidhi (Partial translation), see no. 3923, p. 182.
- ↑ Nasiruddin Khattab, English Translation of Musnad Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Darussalam, 2012, ISBN 6035001076 (online txt) (onlinde pdf)
- ↑ "Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam". Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 665, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Emory C. Bogle (1998), Islam: origin and belief, University of Texas Press, p. 19.
- ↑ 190.0 190.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 211. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 192.0 192.1 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 180. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA180.(online)
- ↑ Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri, also see Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).
- ↑ "Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ "Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ 197.0 197.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 238. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433-434.
- ↑ William Muir, The Life of Mahomet (2003), p. 394.
- ↑ 201.0 201.1 "enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am", Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA118
- ↑ 202.0 202.1 "The Sariyyah of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah show him mercy, on Turabah". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 146. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ 203.0 203.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 2).
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ "The Sariyyah of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, on Banu Kilab at Najd". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 146. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ 206.0 206.1 206.2 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 205. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA205.
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).
- ↑ 208.0 208.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 148. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 84.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 149. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 132, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ 213.0 213.1 213.2 213.3 213.4 213.5 213.6 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 212. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA212.
- ↑ 214.0 214.1 214.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 94.
- ↑ 215.0 215.1 215.2 215.3 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 156. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 216.0 216.1 "THE SARIYYAH OF BASHIR IBN SA'D AL-ANSARI TOWARDS YAMAN AND JAMAR". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 149. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ 217.0 217.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93.
- ↑ 218.0 218.1 218.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. (online)
- ↑ "THE SARIYYAH OF IBN ABI AL-'AWJA AL-SULAMI AGAINST BAND SULAYM". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 153. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93 (footnote).
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. (online)
- ↑ "THE SARIYYAH OF SHUJA' IBN WAHB AL-ASADl AGAINST BANU AMIR AT AL-SIYYI". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 157. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ "THE SARIYYAH OF KA'B IBN 'UMAYR AL-GHIFARl TOWARDS DHAT ATLAH BEYOND WADI AL-QURA. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of Ka'b Ibn 'Umayr al-Ghifar? towards Dhat Atlah which lies beyond Wadi al-Qura in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal of the eighth...". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 158. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ 224.0 224.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 246. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. (online)
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218. Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 104.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247.
- ↑ 229.0 229.1 "The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 162. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218. Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629
- ↑ 231.0 231.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 106.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. (online)
- ↑ 233.0 233.1 233.2 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 163. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, pp. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123 (online)
- ↑ 235.0 235.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. (online)
- ↑ 236.0 236.1 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. pp. 671–672, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 237.0 237.1 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ 238.0 238.1 238.2 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218.
- ↑ 239.0 239.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. (online)
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 164. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 241.0 241.1 "THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 164. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition. p. 94. https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94.
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition. p. 94. https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94.
- ↑ 245.0 245.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 165–174. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 246.0 246.1 246.2 246.3 Wahid Khan, Maulana, Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity, Goodword, pp. 327–333, 2002, https://books.google.com/books?id=k8xyO3fQkccC&pg=PT326
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ Template:Hadith-usc
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.
- ↑ 250.0 250.1 250.2 250.3 250.4 250.5 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA226.
- ↑ 251.0 251.1 251.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 134.
- ↑ 252.0 252.1 252.2 252.3 252.4 252.5 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, ?afi al-Ra?man Mubarakfuri (translator). Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9), Volume 9. p. 320. https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA320. (online)
- ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam. Princeton University Press. p. 25. ASIN B002G9N1NQ, 1952. https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ. (online)
- ↑ "THE SARIYYAH OF 'AMR IBN AL-'AS AGAINST SUWA'". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 181. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 181. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam. Princeton University Press. pp. 13–14. ASIN B002G9N1NQ, 1952. https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ. (online)
- ↑ 258.0 258.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 135.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 561, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of ?ahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 561, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 183. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 263.0 263.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. (online)
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 143.
- ↑ 265.0 265.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 142.
- ↑ 266.0 266.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. (online)
- ↑ 267.0 267.1 267.2 267.3 267.4 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 194. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 145.
- ↑ "Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630", Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors, State University of New York (SUNY) Press, p. 101, ISBN 0791428192, 1998, https://books.google.com/books?id=czSP046th6IC&pg=PA101authors=Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator)
- ↑ Irving, Washington, Lives of Mahomet and his successors, Kessinger Publishing, LLC, pp. 111–113, ISBN 978-0548883037, February 21, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=gRkYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111. Note: A Full version of this book is available free on Google books
- ↑ Ashraf, Shahid, Encyclopaedia Of Holy Prophet And Companion (Set Of 15 Vols.), Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd, p. 31, ISBN 978-8126119400, 15 Jun 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=YRBF29D9AO8C&pg=PA31
- ↑ A?mad ibn Mu?ammad Ibn ?anbal, Susan Ann Spectorsky (translator), Is?aq ibn Ibrahim Ibn Rahwayh. Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn ?anbal and Ibn Rahwayh. University of Texas Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780292776722, 1993. https://books.google.com/books?id=_8kZJ9CxJdIC&pg=PA38.
- ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 24, ISBN 9781861795632, 11 November 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=dlzGFbl0XoIC&pg=PA24 (online) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"
- ↑ 274.0 274.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 262. (online)
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 17, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA17. See footnote 128
- ↑ 276.0 276.1 276.2 Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 17, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA17
- ↑ Sameh, Strauch, Miracles of the messenger, Darussalam Research Division, p. 177, ISBN 978-9960897561, 2003, https://books.google.com/books?id=3QiahukyiSYC&pg=PA177
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 481, ISBN 978-9960899558, 2005, https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA481 Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 591, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. p. 591, 1998. https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 228. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA228.
- ↑ Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 477.
- ↑ 283.0 283.1 283.2 283.3 283.4 283.5 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 269. (online)
- ↑ Muir, William, The Life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co (10 Aug 2003), p. 450, ISBN 978-0766177413, August 1878, https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA450
- ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 26 (Part 26), MSA Publication Ltd, p. 110, ISBN 978-1861797469, 11 November 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=J5vwsvEki8kC&pg=PA110
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 198. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 229. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ 288.0 288.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 200–201. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 230. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 201. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 231. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ 292.0 292.1 292.2 292.3 292.4 292.5 "THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq
- ↑ Muir, William. Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 451. ISBN 978-0766177413, 10 August 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA451.
- ↑ A. J. Cameron, A. J. Cameron (Ph.D.), Abû Dharr al-Ghifârî: an examination of his image in the hagiography of Islam, p. 33.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 233. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ 297.0 297.1 297.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 269-270. (online)
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 300.0 300.1 300.2 300.3 300.4 300.5 300.6 Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ 301.0 301.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 203. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 302.0 302.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.
- ↑ William, William. Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p. 454. ISBN 978-0766177413, 10 August 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA454.
- ↑ R.L. Bidwell (editor), R.. New Arabian studies, Volume 3. University of Exeter Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0859894791, Feb 1996.
- ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad. The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 107. ISBN 978-1861796509, 29 October 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA107.
- ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad. The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 978-1861796509, 29 October 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA137.
- ↑ 307.0 307.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.
- ↑ Muir, William. Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. pp. 458–459. ISBN 978-0766177413, 10 August 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 205. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 46, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA46 Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630
- ↑ Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co., p. 206, August 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA206
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 45–46, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator). The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition. MSA Publication Limited. p. 176. ISBN 1861796501, 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA176. Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)
- ↑ Gabriel, Richard A., Muhammad, Islams first general, University of Oklahoma Press, p. 198, ISBN 9780806138602, 2008, https://books.google.com/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA198
- ↑ Rahman al Mubarakpuri, Saifur. Tafsir ibn Kathir(abridged). p. 515. https://books.google.com/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA515. (Online)
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 60, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ 317.0 317.1 William Pickthall, Marmaduke. Islamic culture, Volume 9. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191. ISBN 978-1142491741, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan. Original is from the University of Virginia
- ↑ 318.0 318.1 318.2 ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam. Princeton University Press. p. 48. ASIN B002G9N1NQ, 1952. https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ.
- ↑ William Pickthall, Marmaduke. Islamic culture, Volume 9. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191. ISBN 978-1142491741, 1967. https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan.
- ↑ Sale, George. The Koran: commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed, Volume 1. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 40. ISBN 978-1142491741, 12 Jan 2010. https://books.google.com/books?id=xSJMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA40.
- ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam. Princeton University Press. pp. 48–49. ASIN B002G9N1NQ, 1952. https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ. (online)
- ↑ 322.0 322.1 322.2 "Beginning of A.H. X", Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 219, 1861, https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219 Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Muir August 1878 219" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Muir August 1878 219" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jandora, John Walter, The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests, Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan, p. 42, ISBN 9780940670334, 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad
- ↑ 324.0 324.1 Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 88–89, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ 325.0 325.1 Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co, p. 224, August 1878, https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA224
- ↑ Saed Abdul Rahman, Muhammad, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 125, ISBN 978-1861796776, 11 Nov 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125
- ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 82-84.
- ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 83 & 84. See footnotes
- ↑ 329.0 329.1 Muir, William, The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing Co, p. 225, August 1878, https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225
- ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 89.
- ↑ 331.0 331.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 290.
- ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 90.
- ↑ 333.0 333.1 Glasse, Cyril. The new encyclopedia of Islam. US: AltaMira Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0759101906, 28 Jan 2003. https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA251.
- ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–2. ASIN B002G9N1NQ, 1952. https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ.
- ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–32. ASIN B002G9N1NQ, 1952. https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ. (online)
- ↑ Gil, Moshe, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, Cambridge University Press, p. 31, ISBN 978-0521599849, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31
- ↑ 337.0 337.1 Gil, Moshe, A history of Palestine, 634-1099, Cambridge University Press, pp. 31–32, ISBN 978-0521599849, 1997, https://books.google.com/books?id=M0wUKoMJeccC&pg=PA31
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 163–164, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA163 online
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The conquest of Arabia, State University of New York Press, p. 16, ISBN 978-0791410714, 1993, https://books.google.com/books?id=VA5Uke7IpHkC&pg=PA16
- ↑ Kathryn Kueny, The Rhetoric of Sobriety: Wine in Early Islam, pg. 59. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. ISBN 9780791490181
- ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, vol. 2, pg. 298. Trns. Franz Rosenthal. Issue 43 of Bollingen Series (General) Series. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967. ISBN 9780691097978
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