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'''Ibn Taymiyya''' (1263-1328) was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the [[Qur'an]] and Hadith who was influential in promoting | '''Ibn Taymiyya''' (1263-1328) was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the [[Qur'an]] and Hadith who was influential in promoting literalism in [[Islam]], and curtailing the spread of [[philosophy]] in the Islamic world. | ||
== Views == | ==Views== | ||
=== Sunni Islam === | ===Sunni Islam=== | ||
He was a staunch defender of [[Sunni]] Islam, today comprising up to 90 percent of all Muslims,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam Islām] - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite Sunnite] - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)</ref><ref>[http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population] - Pew Research Center, October 7, 2009</ref><ref>Tracy Miller - [http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population] - Pew Research Center, October 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/comparison_charts/islamic_sects.htm Comparison of Sunni and Shia Islam] - ReligionFacts</ref> arguing for strict adherence to the Qur'an and the [[Sunnah]] of Prophet [[Muhammad]], which contained all the religious and spiritual guidance necessary for human salvation. | He was a staunch defender of [[Sunni]] Islam, today comprising up to 90 percent of all Muslims,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295507/Islam Islām] - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite Sunnite] - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)</ref><ref>[http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%286%29.aspx Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population] - Pew Research Center, October 7, 2009</ref><ref>Tracy Miller - [http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population] - Pew Research Center, October 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/comparison_charts/islamic_sects.htm Comparison of Sunni and Shia Islam] - ReligionFacts</ref> arguing for strict adherence to the Qur'an and the [[Sunnah]] of Prophet [[Muhammad]], which contained all the religious and spiritual guidance necessary for human salvation. | ||
=== Philosophers === | ===Philosophers=== | ||
He rejected the arguments and ideas of the philosophers, arguing that logic and reason are not reliable means of reaching religious truth and that the intellect must be subservient to revealed truth. | He rejected the arguments and ideas of the philosophers, arguing that logic and reason are not reliable means of reaching religious truth and that the intellect must be subservient to revealed truth. | ||
=== Jihad === | ===Jihad=== | ||
He was also known for his devotion to [[Terrorism|jihad]] saying it was the best of the forms of voluntary service man can devote to [[Allah]], being superior to [[Hajj|pilgrimage]], as well as to [[Salah|prayer]] and supererogatory [[Fasting|fasts]], "as is shown in the Book and in the Prophetic Sunnah". This view is supported by [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic Scripture]].<ref>''"Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years."'' - Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305</ref><ref>''"Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause.""'' - {{Bukhari|1|2|26}}</ref> | He was also known for his devotion to [[Terrorism|jihad]] saying it was the best of the forms of voluntary service man can devote to [[Allah]], being superior to [[Hajj|pilgrimage]], as well as to [[Salah|prayer]] and supererogatory [[Fasting|fasts]], "as is shown in the Book and in the Prophetic Sunnah". This view is supported by [[Islam and Scripture|Islamic Scripture]].<ref>''"Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years."'' - Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305</ref><ref>''"Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause.""'' - {{Bukhari|1|2|26}}</ref> | ||
Probably his most famous [[fatwa]] was issued against the Mongols, when he declared that jihad upon the Mongols was not only permissible, but obligatory, on the grounds that the Mongols could not be true Muslims despite the fact that they had converted to Sunni Islam because they ruled using 'man-made laws' (their traditional Yassa code) rather than [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]] or [[Shariah|Shari'ah]], and thus were living in a state of jahiliyya, or pre-Islamic pagan ignorance. | Probably his most famous [[fatwa]] was issued against the Mongols, when he declared that jihad upon the Mongols was not only permissible, but obligatory, on the grounds that the Mongols could not be true Muslims despite the fact that they had converted to Sunni Islam because they ruled using 'man-made laws' (their traditional Yassa code) rather than [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]] or [[Shariah|Shari'ah]], and thus were living in a state of jahiliyya, or pre-Islamic pagan ignorance. | ||
== Life == | ==Life== | ||
Ibn Taymiyyah was famous for both refusing to have a female companion at any point in his life and refusing to work for the government.<ref>Al-Matroudi, Abdul Hakim Ibrahim (2015-02-14). "Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn". ''Oxford Islamic Studies Online''. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2015.</ref> He spent most of his life working as a religious scholar and political activist, and as a result of his nonalignment with both the popular religious and political orders of his time, was imprisoned on six separate occasions during his life.<ref>An-Na`im, Abdullahi Ahmed (2010). ''Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Futnture of Shari'a''. Harvard University Press. p. 76. ISBN <bdi>978-0-674-03456-3</bdi>.</ref> | Ibn Taymiyyah was famous for both refusing to have a female companion at any point in his life and refusing to work for the government.<ref>Al-Matroudi, Abdul Hakim Ibrahim (2015-02-14). "Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn". ''Oxford Islamic Studies Online''. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2015.</ref> He spent most of his life working as a religious scholar and political activist, and as a result of his nonalignment with both the popular religious and political orders of his time, was imprisoned on six separate occasions during his life.<ref>An-Na`im, Abdullahi Ahmed (2010). ''Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Futnture of Shari'a''. Harvard University Press. p. 76. ISBN <bdi>978-0-674-03456-3</bdi>.</ref> | ||
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| Ibn Taymiyyah | |
| Born | 1263 Harran, Sultanate of Rum |
|---|---|
| Died | 1328 Damascus, Mamluk Sultanate |
| Occupation | theologian, jurist |
| Title | Sheikh al-Islam |
| Successor | Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah |
| Notable works | The Collected Fatawa (posthumous) Averting the Conflict between Reason and Tradition The Creed of the People of Wasit The Correct Response to those who have Corrupted the Religion The way of the Prophet's Sunnah Book of Faith The Refutation of the Logicians Following the Straight Path The Book of Shariatic Governance The Hisba in Islam Diseases of the Heart and their Cures Fundamentals of Enjoining Good & Forbidding Evil |
Ibn Taymiyya (1263-1328) was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the Qur'an and Hadith who was influential in promoting literalism in Islam, and curtailing the spread of philosophy in the Islamic world.
Views
Sunni Islam
He was a staunch defender of Sunni Islam, today comprising up to 90 percent of all Muslims,[1][2][3][4][5] arguing for strict adherence to the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad, which contained all the religious and spiritual guidance necessary for human salvation.
Philosophers
He rejected the arguments and ideas of the philosophers, arguing that logic and reason are not reliable means of reaching religious truth and that the intellect must be subservient to revealed truth.
Jihad
He was also known for his devotion to jihad saying it was the best of the forms of voluntary service man can devote to Allah, being superior to pilgrimage, as well as to prayer and supererogatory fasts, "as is shown in the Book and in the Prophetic Sunnah". This view is supported by Islamic Scripture.[6][7]
Probably his most famous fatwa was issued against the Mongols, when he declared that jihad upon the Mongols was not only permissible, but obligatory, on the grounds that the Mongols could not be true Muslims despite the fact that they had converted to Sunni Islam because they ruled using 'man-made laws' (their traditional Yassa code) rather than Islamic law or Shari'ah, and thus were living in a state of jahiliyya, or pre-Islamic pagan ignorance.
Life
Ibn Taymiyyah was famous for both refusing to have a female companion at any point in his life and refusing to work for the government.[8] He spent most of his life working as a religious scholar and political activist, and as a result of his nonalignment with both the popular religious and political orders of his time, was imprisoned on six separate occasions during his life.[9]
See Also
- Philosophy - A hub page that leads to other articles related to Philosophy
References
- ↑ Islām - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)
- ↑ Sunnite - Encyclopædia Britannica (2010)
- ↑ Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population - Pew Research Center, October 7, 2009
- ↑ Tracy Miller - Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population - Pew Research Center, October 2009
- ↑ Comparison of Sunni and Shia Islam - ReligionFacts
- ↑ "Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years." - Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305
- ↑ "Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause."" - Sahih Bukhari 1:2:26
- ↑ Al-Matroudi, Abdul Hakim Ibrahim (2015-02-14). "Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
- ↑ An-Na`im, Abdullahi Ahmed (2010). Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Futnture of Shari'a. Harvard University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-674-03456-3.