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Alongside the main consensus from Biblical Scholars that Jesus was really an eschatological prophet who believed the Earth would end during his time and therefore couldn't be the Muslim Jesus, there are many other of the most considered authentic teachings of Jesus that clash with Islam considering the message of Messenger Uniformitarianism (cite Durie - reuse 51 citation),<ref>Durie, Mark. ''The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes: Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion (pp. 135-142) (pp. 281-294 Kindle Edition)''. 5.3 Messenger Uniformitarianism. Lexington Books. 2018.</ref> where all messengers from God/Allah are outside of minor variations said to essentially preach the same thing. | Alongside the main consensus from Biblical Scholars that Jesus was really an eschatological prophet who believed the Earth would end during his time and therefore couldn't be the Muslim Jesus, there are many other of the most considered authentic teachings of Jesus that clash with Islam considering the message of Messenger Uniformitarianism (cite Durie - reuse 51 citation),<ref>Durie, Mark. ''The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes: Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion (pp. 135-142) (pp. 281-294 Kindle Edition)''. 5.3 Messenger Uniformitarianism. Lexington Books. 2018.</ref> where all messengers from God/Allah are outside of minor variations said to essentially preach the same thing. | ||
While the large differences between the New Testament / Gospels / Christian Jesus and the [[Isa al-Masih (Jesus Christ)|Muslim Jesus]] are clear to anyone who has read both the Qur'an and NT, (which takes from | While the large differences between the New Testament / Gospels / Christian Jesus and the [[Isa al-Masih (Jesus Christ)|Muslim Jesus]] are clear to anyone who has read both the Qur'an and NT, (which takes from apocrypha considered inauthentic by NT scholars,<ref>Sanders, E.. ''The Historical Figure of Jesus (pp. 78-79)''. Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition. | ||
..(Gnosticism was a world view that held everything material to be evil; the god who created the world was a bad god, and the creation was wicked. Gnostics who were also Christians held that the good God had sent Jesus to redeem people’s souls, not their bodies, and that Jesus was not a real human being. The Christians who objected to these views finally declared them heretical.) ''I share the general scholarly view that very, very little in the apocryphal gospels could conceivably go back to the time of Jesus. They are legendary and mythological. Of all the apocryphal material, only some of the sayings in the Gospel of Thomas are worth consideration.'' This does not mean that we can make a clean division: the historical four gospels versus the legendary apocryphal gospels. There are legendary traits in the four gospels in the New Testament, and there is also a certain amount of newly created material (as we saw just above)..</ref> and [[Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature|later Christian thought/writings]] ) and too large to list here, a summary of most likely authentic traditions from historians is shown as an example. | ..(Gnosticism was a world view that held everything material to be evil; the god who created the world was a bad god, and the creation was wicked. Gnostics who were also Christians held that the good God had sent Jesus to redeem people’s souls, not their bodies, and that Jesus was not a real human being. The Christians who objected to these views finally declared them heretical.) ''I share the general scholarly view that very, very little in the apocryphal gospels could conceivably go back to the time of Jesus. They are legendary and mythological. Of all the apocryphal material, only some of the sayings in the Gospel of Thomas are worth consideration.'' This does not mean that we can make a clean division: the historical four gospels versus the legendary apocryphal gospels. There are legendary traits in the four gospels in the New Testament, and there is also a certain amount of newly created material (as we saw just above)..</ref> and [[Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature|later Christian thought/writings]] ) and too large to list here, a summary of most likely authentic traditions from historians is shown as an example. | ||
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- m but clearly differences to anyone familiar (usually put down to biblical corruption?) as new and late antique ideas take over, however even if one accepts biblical corruption idea, looking at the most likely saying from a historical critical view, Dale/Allison (2009) notes many that are likely truly said by the real historical figure (biblical scholar 0 n skin in the game with Islam) For example - list them out here | - m but clearly differences to anyone familiar (usually put down to biblical corruption?) as new and late antique ideas take over, however even if one accepts biblical corruption idea, looking at the most likely saying from a historical critical view, Dale/Allison (2009) notes many that are likely truly said by the real historical figure (biblical scholar 0 n skin in the game with Islam) For example - list them out here | ||
Why - different to time and context, across all early sources etc. | |||
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{{Quote|Dale C. Allison Jr.. <i>The Historical Christ and the Theological Jesus (Kindle Locations 822-836).</i> Kindle Edition.|2=Given that we typically remember the outlines of an event or the general purport of a conversation rather than the particulars and that we extract patterns and meaning from our memories, it makes little sense to open the quest for Jesus by evaluating individual items with our criteria, in the hope that some bits preserve pristine memory. We should rather be looking for repeating patterns and contemplating the big picture. true. We should trust first, if we are to trust at all, what is most likely to be trustworthy. Although we may, after reading Thucydides, be confident that there was a Peloponnesian War, we may well wonder about many of the details of his account. | |||
The larger the generalization and the more data upon which it is based, the greater our confidence; the more specific the detail and the fewer the data supporting it, the more room we have for doubt. With regard to the sources for Jesus, the traditional criteria of authenticity privilege the parts over the whole. It seems more prudent to privilege generalizations drawn from the whole than to concentrate upon one individual item after another. As a demonstration of how this works in practice, consider the following traditions: | |||
• Jesus prohibited divorce: 1 Cor. 7:10; Mark 10:2-9; Luke 16:18.<b> [Qur'an divorce rules - https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Khula] </b> | |||
• Jesus sent forth missionaries without staff, food, or money: Matt. 10:9-10; Mark 6:8-9; Luke 10:4. | |||
• Jesus instructed missionaries to get their living by the gospel: 1 Cor. 9:14; Matt. 10:10; Luke 10:7. | |||
• Jesus commanded loving and doing good to enemies: Matt. 5:38-48; Luke 6:27-36. <b>[Qur'an do not be merciful to unbelievers https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Qur%27an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Non-Muslims & https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Kafir_(Infidel)#Guidelines_on_how_to_deal_with_disbelievers Quran 48:29 ]</b> | |||
• Jesus forbade judging others: Matt. 7:1-2; Luke 6:37-38. | |||
• Jesus asked a prospective follower not to bury his father: Matt. 8:21-22; 22; Luke 959-60. | |||
• Jesus spoke of hating one's father and mother: Matt. 10:37; Luke 14:26; Gospel of Thomas 55, 101. [<b>respect parents - too tenuous</b>] | |||
• Jesus enjoined disciples to take up a cross: Matt. 10:38; Mark 8:34; Luke 14:27. | |||
• Jesus enjoined unlimited forgiveness: Matt. 18:21-22; Luke 17:3-4. <b>[forgiveness against shirk - Qur'an says no Q4:48 and 4:116. ]</b> | |||
• Jesus exhorted hearers to lose their lives in order to save them: Matt. 10:39; Mark 8:35; Luke 17:33. | |||
• Jesus called people away from their livelihoods: Mark 1:16-20; 2:14. <b>[?]</b> | |||
• Jesus figuratively demanded violent removal of hand, foot, and eye: Mark 9:42-48. | |||
• Jesus asked a wealthy man to relinquish his money: Mark 10:17-27. <b>[bring in inequality section of Islam darajat - here]</b> | |||
• Jesus forbade taking oaths: Matt. 5:33-37. <b>[https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/lawbase/risalah_maliki/book31.html#:~:text=Anyone%20who%20swears%20an%20oath,Oneness%2C%20timelessness%20and%20existence.%5D]</b> | |||
• Jesus commanded money to be lent without interest: Matt. 5:42; Gospel of Thomas 95. | |||
• Jesus called some to a life without marriage: Matt. 19:11-12.<b> [Qur'an criticism of monasticsm]</b> | |||
• Jesus asked a prospective follower not to say farewell to his parents: Luke 9:61-62. <b>[respect parents?]</b> | |||
• Jesus asked his disciples to renounce all of their possessions: Luke 14:33"}} | |||
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[number these and link rebuttal below somehow? - only quote the traditions that are | |||
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{{Quote|Dale C. Allison Jr.. <i>The Historical Christ and the Theological Jesus (Kindle Location 841-848).</i> Kindle Edition.|2=Working through the tradition in the way I suggest leads to a large number of conclusions. Jesus must have been an exorcist who interpreted his ministry in terms of Satan's downfall. He must have thought highly of John the Baptist. He must have repeatedly spoken of God as Father. <b>[Durie differences in metaphor and understanding of relationship from Hebrew to Arab society = markedly different]</b> He must have composed parables. He must have come into conflict with religious authorities. All of this may seem obvious, but the procedure is not trite, for it also issues in some controversial verdicts. As I have argued elsewhere, for example, ample, the quantity of conventional eschatological material in our primary sources almost necessitates that Jesus was an eschatological prophet.' The reconstruction of Robert Funk and the Jesus Seminar is for this reason alone problematic. Even more controversial is what my approach leads me to infer about Jesus' self-conception. Consider these Synoptic materials: | |||
• Jesus said that the Son of man will return on the clouds of heaven and send angels to gather the elect from throughout the world: Mark 13:26-27; cf. 14:62; Matt. 10:23 (allusions to Daniel 7's depiction of the last judgment are clear). <b>[the son of man plays no part in Islam]</b>}} | |||
=== The Lote Tree of the utmost Boundary (Sid'rati al-Muntahā) === | === The Lote Tree of the utmost Boundary (Sid'rati al-Muntahā) === | ||