Olamning Qurondagi manzarasi: Difference between revisions
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{{Quote|{{Quron|21|16}}|Biz osmon va yerni hamda ularning orasidagi narsalarni öynab-behuda yaratganimiz yöq.}} | {{Quote|{{Quron|21|16}}|Biz osmon va yerni hamda ularning orasidagi narsalarni öynab-behuda yaratganimiz yöq.}} | ||
Ajablanarli emas-ki, ushbu "osmon va yer orasidagi" fazo yerda turgan odamning (har doim ham töğri emas) nuqtai nazaridan tushuntirilgan. Atrofga qaraganda, Yer tekis körinadi, ufq esa kuzatuvchi tekis disk markazida turganidek taassurot qoldiradi. Tepaga qaralsa, osmon ufqqa örnatilgan qattiq kök gumbazdek tuyuladi. Quronda ham aynan shu taassurot tasvirlangan. | Ajablanarli emas-ki, ushbu "osmon va yer orasidagi" fazo yerda turgan odamning (har doim ham töğri emas) nuqtai nazaridan tushuntirilgan. Atrofga qaraganda, Yer tekis körinadi, ufq esa kuzatuvchi tekis disk markazida turganidek taassurot qoldiradi. Tepaga qaralsa, osmon gardishi ufqqa örnatilgan qattiq kök gumbazdek tuyuladi. Quronda ham aynan shu taassurot tasvirlangan. | ||
Quronda Alloh osmonu yerni yaratayotganida, avval yerdan boshlagani ochiq aytiladi. | Quronda Alloh osmonu yerni yaratayotganida, avval yerdan boshlagani ochiq aytiladi. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quron|2|29}}|U shunday zotki, siz uchun Yerdagi barcha narsani yaratdi. Söngra samoga yuzlandi-da, ularni yetti osmon qilib tikladi. U hamma narsani bilguvchidir.}} | {{Quote|{{Quron|2|29}}|U shunday zotki, siz uchun Yerdagi barcha narsani yaratdi. Söngra samoga yuzlandi-da, ularni yetti osmon qilib tikladi. U hamma narsani bilguvchidir.}} | ||
Shunday qilib islomiy olamning asosini kördik. Yer - tekis disk, osmon esa - ustma-ust yetti qattiq gumbaz. | Shunday qilib islomiy olamning asosini kördik. Yer - tekis disk, osmon esa - ustma-ust yetti qattiq gumbaz. Quyida bularni batafsil körib chiqamiz. | ||
===Osmonlar va u yerda yashovchilar=== | |||
Yerdan qaralganda, eng ichki osmon gumbazi tepaga örlaydi, Quronda bu osmon aslida asosi yer diski bölgan yettita konsentrik gumbazdan iboratligi aytiladi. | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|2|29}}|U shunday zotki, siz uchun Yerdagi barcha narsani yaratdi. Söngra samoga yuzlandi-da, ularni yetti osmon qilib tikladi. U hamma narsani bilguvchidir.}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|41|12}}|Bas ikki kunda yetti osmonni barpo qildi va har bir osmonga ishi-vazifasini vahiy qildi. Biz quyi osmonni chiroqlar-yulduzlar bilan bezadik va saqladik. Bu qudratli va bilguvchi zotning taqdiri - ölchovidir.}} | |||
Bu yetti osmon qattiq jismlardir; buni bir necha yöl bilan körsatish mumkin. Boshlanishiga shuni aytish mumkin: osmonlar himoyalash (tom kabi) va saqlash uchun tösiq sifatida xizmat qiladi. | |||
Bu tomning himoyalovchi ekani bunga öxshash oyatlarda eslatiladi: | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|21|32}}|Biz osmonni qulab tushmaydigan tom qilib qöydik. Ular esa alomatlardan yuz ögiruvchidirlar.}} | |||
Ularning qattiq ekanligi esa osmonlarning qulashi va yerda yashovchilarni jarohatlashi mumkinligi bilan tushuntiriladi. | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|34|9}}|Axir ular oldilaridagi va ortlaridagi narsalarga - osmonu zaminga boqmaydilarmi?! Agar Biz xohlasak, ularni yerga yuttirib yuborurmiz yoki osmonni ustlariga parcha-parcha qilib tushirurmiz. Albatta bunda har bir qaytguvchi banda uchun oyat-ibrat bordir.}} | |||
In fact, they are so substantial that it is even conceivable to climb up onto them using a ladder. | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|6|35}}|If their spurning is hard on thy mind, yet if thou wert able to seek a tunnel in the ground or a ladder to the skies and bring them a sign,- (what good?).}} | |||
And finally, the heavens are apparently heavy enough to require physical supports of some sort. Contrary to some Muslim claims, the Qur'an acknowledges that such supports are required, but also explains that they are invisible. | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|13|2}}|Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed. He doth regulate all affairs, explaining the signs in detail, that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.}} | |||
The authors here take it as obvious that the heavens require support of some kind. But their emphasis is on their invisibility, not their actual absence. | |||
Ignoring the giant mountain goats which are never mentioned in the Qur'an itself, the outermost heaven lies beneath a sea that is as deep as the distances between adjacent heavens. That Allah’s “throne” is above such waters is mentioned in the Qur'an as well as the hadith. | |||
{{Quote|{{Quron|11|7}}|He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days - and His Throne was over the waters - that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct. But if thou wert to say to them, "Ye shall indeed be raised up after death", the Unbelievers would be sure to say, "This is nothing but obvious sorcery!"}} | |||
There are however no mentions of galaxies, quasars, galaxy clusters or empty space. Simply water, a throne, and Allah himself. | |||
Additional details concerning the individual heavens are found in the accounts of Muhammad’s “night journey.” Rather than quoting at length, readers are referred to {{Bukhari|9|93|68}} for the long version. But here are the key points. | |||
Each of the seven heavens is populated by multiple angels and a few other folks as well. These heavens are entered through doors in the solid domes, each with an angelic guard and each populated by a resident prophet. For example, immediately above the dome of the first heaven is where Muhammad met Adam, and discovered (in the absence of true geographic knowledge) the sources of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The second heaven is the home of the Prophet Idris. Aaron is in the fourth heaven, Abraham the sixth, and Moses the seventh. | |||
==Qarang== | ==Qarang== | ||
Revision as of 06:48, 9 October 2013
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Ushbu maqolada Quronda olam qanday tushuntirilgani yoritiladi.
Kirish
Fizik olamning Qurondagi manzarasi qadimgi Yaqin Sharq va unga qöshni mintaqalar - yunon va rumliklarning borliq haqidagi bilim va tushunchalaridan kam bölsa kam-ki, ortiq emas. U paytga kelib ayrim madaniyatlar Yer sayyorasi sharsimon ekanligini tushunib yetgan bölsa, Quronda Yer tekis deyiladi.
Bazi fikrlarga binoan qadimgi diniy manbalarni sözma-söz qabul qilish shart emas, ayrim qismlarini köchma manoda tushunish mumkin. Biroq musulmonlarning aksariyati bunday fikrlamay, Quronni xudoning aynan sözi, deb ishonishadi. Bu maqolada esa Quronni xudodan kelgan, deb emas, balki Muhammadning sözlari, deb qabul qilinadi va Muhammadning olam haqidagi tushunchasi körsatiladi.
Quron kosmologiyasi
Osmonlar va Yer
Quron kosmologiyasi haqida yozishni islomiy olamning nihoyatda kichkina va sodda ekanligini eslatishdan boshlash lozim. Quronga binoan olam atigi ikkita qismdan: osmonlar va yerdan iborat.
Islomda zamonaviy odamlar biladigan boshqa astronomik qamrovlar yöq. Quronda yulduz tizimlari, galaktikalari, vakuum degan narsalar haqida yozilmagan. Yer koinotdagi bazi boshqa jismlar kabi sayyora, Quyoshning esa bir yulduz ekani haqida hech nima deyilmaydi. Quron kosmologiyasi asosan qurollanmagan köz bilan körinadigan osmon jismlari bilan chegaralangan; qadimgilar köra olmagan jismlarni tasvirlashda esa qattiq yanglishadi.
Yaratilish zamirida "osmonlar va yer" yotishi Quronda takror va takror eslatiladi, bu ikki narsaning "ajratilishi" esa Allohning butun olamni qanday yaratganini körsatish uchun ishlatiladi.
Bu ikki joyning favquloddaligiga takroran urğu beriladi. Bu ikki joydan boshqa joy eslatilmaydi. Quron mualliflari Allohning hamma narsadan boxabarligini bildirish uchun "yeru osmon" iborasini ishlatib, göyoki butun olam shulardangina iborat ekaniga ishora qilishadi.
"Osmonlar va yer" shuningdek ichida butun olamni saqlaydigan "idish" kabi tasvirlanadi. Hamma narsa osmon va yer orasida joylashgan.
Ajablanarli emas-ki, ushbu "osmon va yer orasidagi" fazo yerda turgan odamning (har doim ham töğri emas) nuqtai nazaridan tushuntirilgan. Atrofga qaraganda, Yer tekis körinadi, ufq esa kuzatuvchi tekis disk markazida turganidek taassurot qoldiradi. Tepaga qaralsa, osmon gardishi ufqqa örnatilgan qattiq kök gumbazdek tuyuladi. Quronda ham aynan shu taassurot tasvirlangan.
Quronda Alloh osmonu yerni yaratayotganida, avval yerdan boshlagani ochiq aytiladi.
Va
Shunday qilib islomiy olamning asosini kördik. Yer - tekis disk, osmon esa - ustma-ust yetti qattiq gumbaz. Quyida bularni batafsil körib chiqamiz.
Osmonlar va u yerda yashovchilar
Yerdan qaralganda, eng ichki osmon gumbazi tepaga örlaydi, Quronda bu osmon aslida asosi yer diski bölgan yettita konsentrik gumbazdan iboratligi aytiladi.
Bu yetti osmon qattiq jismlardir; buni bir necha yöl bilan körsatish mumkin. Boshlanishiga shuni aytish mumkin: osmonlar himoyalash (tom kabi) va saqlash uchun tösiq sifatida xizmat qiladi.
Bu tomning himoyalovchi ekani bunga öxshash oyatlarda eslatiladi:
Ularning qattiq ekanligi esa osmonlarning qulashi va yerda yashovchilarni jarohatlashi mumkinligi bilan tushuntiriladi.
In fact, they are so substantial that it is even conceivable to climb up onto them using a ladder.
And finally, the heavens are apparently heavy enough to require physical supports of some sort. Contrary to some Muslim claims, the Qur'an acknowledges that such supports are required, but also explains that they are invisible.
The authors here take it as obvious that the heavens require support of some kind. But their emphasis is on their invisibility, not their actual absence.
Ignoring the giant mountain goats which are never mentioned in the Qur'an itself, the outermost heaven lies beneath a sea that is as deep as the distances between adjacent heavens. That Allah’s “throne” is above such waters is mentioned in the Qur'an as well as the hadith.
There are however no mentions of galaxies, quasars, galaxy clusters or empty space. Simply water, a throne, and Allah himself.
Additional details concerning the individual heavens are found in the accounts of Muhammad’s “night journey.” Rather than quoting at length, readers are referred to Sahih Bukhari 9:93:68 for the long version. But here are the key points.
Each of the seven heavens is populated by multiple angels and a few other folks as well. These heavens are entered through doors in the solid domes, each with an angelic guard and each populated by a resident prophet. For example, immediately above the dome of the first heaven is where Muhammad met Adam, and discovered (in the absence of true geographic knowledge) the sources of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The second heaven is the home of the Prophet Idris. Aaron is in the fourth heaven, Abraham the sixth, and Moses the seventh.