Jak islámští vynálezci nezměnili svět: Difference between revisions

{{Quote||Koberce byly považovány za součást ráje středověkými mumslimy, díky jejich pokročilým weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art. In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other

abominations not fit to be mentioned". Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.<ref name="Paul Vallely"></ref>}}

[[File:Pazyryk Carpet.jpg|thumb|right|The Pazyryk rug, dated from the fifth century BC, is the oldest known surviving carpet in the world. Pre-dating Islam by over a millennium.]]

The earliest known carpet was discovered by Russian Professor Rudenko in 1949 during excavations of burial mounds in the Altai Mountains in Siberia. Called the Pazyryk rug,<ref>Karen S. Rubinson, [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/rubinson_abs.html|2=2011-02-10}} "Animal Style" Art & the Image of the Horse and Rider], The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies, July 24, 2004</ref><ref>"[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.carpetencyclopedia.com/pages/History-184.html|2=2011-02-10}} History]", The Carpet Encyclopedia</ref> it dates from the fifth century BC<ref>Haider, R., ''Carpet that Captive''</ref> and is now kept in the Hermitage museum of St. Petersburg.<ref>Collection Highlights, [http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_2_7d.html Pile Carpet (fragment)], The State Hermitage Museum</ref> It was preserved from decay, due to water seeping into the burial mound and freezing.<ref>Tony Sidney, [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.collectibles-articles.com/Article/History-of-the-Pazaryk-Rug/117|2=2011-02-10}} History of the Pazaryk Rug], Collectibles-Articles.com</ref> The advanced weaving technique used in the Pazyryk carpet indicates a long history of evolution and experience in this art. Most experts believe that the Pazyryk carpet is a late achievement of at least one thousand years of technique evolution and history. Evidence suggests that some forms of rug-weaving were used in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Middle East and Asia about 4,000 years ago. Therefore, the carpet is a pre-Islamic invention.