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Daleel: Difference between revisions
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'''Daleel''' (دليل) is an Arabic word meaning | '''Daleel''' (دليل, pl. ''adillah'') is an Arabic word meaning evidence or proof, and in the terminology of [[Islamic jurisprudence]], the word refers to anything that is used to deduce and justify a ruling or [[fatwa]] from the [[Shariah]], or [[Islamic Law]]. While there exist numerous specific types of daleels arranged in a hierarchy, as understood variously by the different schools of Islamic law, all agree that the most important daleels are, in order, the [[Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], Ijma (consensus of Islamic scholars or [[Muhammad]]'s [[companions]]), and some form of Qiyas (analogical reasoning). | ||
Generally in [[Islamic law]], only the authentic (sahih) and good (hasan) hadiths are used in deriving the rules. The weak (da`if) hadiths have no value for the purpose of formulating shari'ah,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503547442|title= May People Act According to a Weak Hadith?|publisher= Islam Online|author= Muzammil Siddiqi|series= Fatwa Bank|date= September 27, 2003|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061216005731%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DIslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaE%26cid%3D1119503547442&date=2014-03-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref> and the fabricated (Maudu) narrations are not even considered to be hadith at all.<ref>Ibrahim B. Syed - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm|2=2011-11-20}} 52 Weak Ahadith] - Islamic Research Foundation International </ref> | ==Hadith== | ||
In regards to Islamic hadith (narrations concerning the actions and orders of [[Muhammad]]), they can either be Maudu (fabricated), Da`if (weak), Hasan (good), or [[Sahih]] (authentic). | |||
Generally in [[Islamic law]], generally only the authentic (sahih) and good (hasan) hadiths are used in deriving the rules. The weak (da`if) hadiths have no value for the purpose of formulating shari'ah,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503547442|title= May People Act According to a Weak Hadith?|publisher= Islam Online|author= Muzammil Siddiqi|series= Fatwa Bank|date= September 27, 2003|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20061216005731%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamonline.net%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DIslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaE%26cid%3D1119503547442&date=2014-03-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref> and the fabricated (Maudu) narrations are not even considered to be hadith at all.<ref>Ibrahim B. Syed - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_251_300/52_weak_ahadith.htm|2=2011-11-20}} 52 Weak Ahadith] - Islamic Research Foundation International </ref> | |||
For whatever reason, if a practicing Muslim wants to discount a sahih or hasan narration, the burden of proof is on them to prove why they consider it untrustworthy or not applicable to them. Refusing to accept a narration simply due to not finding it morally agreeable would render the hadith collections in their entirety as useless and contradictory anecdotes. This in turn would make much of the [[Qur'an]] incomprehensible, and many of its commands [[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|impossible to follow]]. | For whatever reason, if a practicing Muslim wants to discount a sahih or hasan narration, the burden of proof is on them to prove why they consider it untrustworthy or not applicable to them. Refusing to accept a narration simply due to not finding it morally agreeable would render the hadith collections in their entirety as useless and contradictory anecdotes. This in turn would make much of the [[Qur'an]] incomprehensible, and many of its commands [[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible|impossible to follow]]. | ||
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Regardless, some Western Muslims and apologists have started to cherry-pick and reject, or at least claim to reject, authentic hadith, in favor of Maudu (fabricated) and da`if (weak) ones. You will come across many popular hadith that are used by Muslims when propagating their faith. Some of these are obvious fabrications which do not have any scriptural sources. | Regardless, some Western Muslims and apologists have started to cherry-pick and reject, or at least claim to reject, authentic hadith, in favor of Maudu (fabricated) and da`if (weak) ones. You will come across many popular hadith that are used by Muslims when propagating their faith. Some of these are obvious fabrications which do not have any scriptural sources. | ||
==Authentic Hadith== | ===Authentic Hadith=== | ||
{{Main|Sahih}} | {{Main|Sahih}} | ||
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The lesser worth of a female in Islam is confirmed by both Sahih collections (Bukhari and Muslim), and also by the Qur'an itself. | The lesser worth of a female in Islam is confirmed by both Sahih collections (Bukhari and Muslim), and also by the Qur'an itself. | ||
==Fabricated Hadith== | ===Fabricated Hadith=== | ||
{{Main|List of Fabricated Hadith}} | {{Main|List of Fabricated Hadith}} | ||
The following are examples of weak or fabricated hadith. | The following are examples of weak or fabricated hadith. | ||
*[[Lesser vs Greater Jihad|The "lesser and greater jihad" hadith]] | *[[Lesser vs Greater Jihad|The "lesser and greater jihad" hadith]] | ||
This originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, and some contemporary Islamic scholars have concluded that it is not only weak, but fabricated.<ref>Imam Abdullah Azzam - [http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm JOIN THE CARAVAN] - ReligionScope</ref> | This originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, and some contemporary Islamic scholars have concluded that it is not only weak, but fabricated.<ref>Imam Abdullah Azzam - [http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm JOIN THE CARAVAN] - ReligionScope</ref> | ||