Kafir (Infidel): Difference between revisions

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 {{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of created beings.}}
-====Guidelines on how to deal with the ''Kāfir''====
+====Guidelines on how to deal with disbelievers====
 The Muslims must remain united in opposition to the disbelievers, and maintain faith, while refusing to take the disbelievers as friends. If the disbelievers acquiesce but then return "to enmity", they must be slayed, unless they have a treaty with the Muslims or seek refuge amongst them. Finally, if the disbelievers "incline to peace", so too should the Muslims.
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 The "sword verse", or ''ayat as-sayf'', in Arabic. The subsequent verse appears to present a conditional reprieve:
-{{Quote|{{Quran|9|5-6}}|5. But when the forbidden 4 months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers (to Allah) and practise regular charity (according to Islam), then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.<br>
+{{Quote|{{Quran|9|5-6}}|5. But when the forbidden 4 months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.<br>
 . If one amongst the Pagans ask thee for asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the word of Allah; and then escort him to where he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge.}}
-According to several mainstream Islamic scholars, the sword verse relates to a specific event in Islamic history &mdash; namely that Arabian pagans made and broke a covenant with Arabic Muslims. They claim the verses immediately preceding and following 9:5, 9:4 and 9:6, and emphasize: Only those pagans who broke the covenant were subject to violent repercussions so that any pagans who honored the covenant to profess Islam (convert to Islam), offer prayers, and pay the zakāt (compulsory donation to the poor) or repented their betrayal were to be spared.
-War Captives:
-**These are originally free [[Kafir|non-Muslims]] who are captured in battle.<ref>{{cite book|author=Salma Saad|title=The Legal and Social Status of Women in the Hadith Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYrTzQEACAAJ|date=1990|publisher=University of Leeds (Department of Modern Arabic Studies)|page=242}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nesrine Badawi|title=Islamic Jurisprudence on the Regulation of Armed Conflict: Text and Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MC0DwAAQBAJ|date=1 October 2019|publisher=BRILL|page=17|isbn=978-90-04-41062-6}}</ref> The entire population of a conquered territory can be enslaved, thus providing women who are otherwise rare on the battlefield. This paves the path for concubinage.<ref>{{cite book|author=William Gervase Clarence-Smith; W. G. Clarence-Smith|title=Islam and the Abolition of Slavery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nQbylEdqJKkC|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=27|isbn=978-0-19-522151-0}}</ref> The Muslim military commander is allowed to choose between unconditionally releasing, ransoming or enslaving war captives.<ref>{{cite book|author=Malik Mufti|title=The Art of Jihad: Realism in Islamic Political Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPFzwgEACAAJ|date=1 October 2019|publisher=SUNY Press|page=5|isbn=978-1-4384-7638-4}}</ref> Female captives were often used for sex and there was no restriction on how many could be held.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kecia Ali|title=Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith and Jurisprudence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my4XCwAAQBAJ|date=21 December 2015|publisher=Oneworld Publications|page=51|isbn=978-1-78074-853-5}}</ref>
-{{Quote|1=
-{{cite web quotebox|url= http://islamqa.info/en/10382|title= Ruling on having intercourse with a slave woman when one has a wife|publisher= Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 10382|author= |date= November  24, 2005|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.islamqa.com/en/ref/10382&date=2012-01-17|deadurl=no}}|2=Islam allows a man to have intercourse with his slave woman, whether he has a wife or wives or he is not married...Whoever regards that as haraam is a sinner who is going against the consensus of the scholars. }}
 ==See Also==