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==FGM as an Initiation Rite== | ==FGM as an Initiation Rite== | ||
Islamic FGM is not an initiation rite. However, | Islamic FGM is not an initiation rite. However, where communities at the periphery of Islamic influcence (such as Coastal West African) practice FGM it takes on more aspects of initiation ritual (e.g. Gambia), and the associated anxieties around 'purity' diminish or entirely vanish. However, with the possible exception of the Embera tribe of South America | ||
mackie quote - all FGM associated with Islam | |||
The function of chastity assurance is fundamental to both the pre-Islamic origins of FGM and also to Islam's adoption, maintenance and spread of FGM. However, chastity assurance doesn't fully explain certain near-universal aspects of FGM - in particular the eschewal of anaesthetics (either general or local), even when available. (proof) | The function of chastity assurance is fundamental to both the pre-Islamic origins of FGM and also to Islam's adoption, maintenance and spread of FGM. However, chastity assurance doesn't fully explain certain near-universal aspects of FGM - in particular the eschewal of anaesthetics (either general or local), even when available. (proof) |