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==FGM as an Initiation Rite== | ==FGM as an Initiation Rite== | ||
Islamic FGM is not an initiation rite. However, where communities at the periphery of Islamic influcence (such as Coastal West African) practice FGM it takes on more aspects of initiation ritual (e.g. Gambia), and the associated anxieties around 'purity' diminish or entirely vanish. However, with the possible exception of the Embera tribe of South America | Islamic FGM is not an initiation rite. However, where communities at the periphery of Islamic influcence (such as Coastal West African) practice FGM it takes on more aspects of initiation ritual (e.g. Gambia), and the associated anxieties around 'purity' diminish or entirely vanish. However, with the possible exception of the Embera tribe of South America | ||
increased visibility of initiation rits and victims skews narrative | |||
mackie quote - all FGM associated with Islam | mackie quote - all FGM associated with Islam | ||
{{Quote|[http://webarchiv.ethz.ch/soms/teaching/OppFall09/MackieFootbinding.pdf 'Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account' by Gerry Mackie (Dec., 1996)]|FGM is found only in or adjacent to Islamic groups}} | |||
The function of chastity assurance is fundamental to both the pre-Islamic origins of FGM and also to Islam's adoption, maintenance and spread of FGM. However, chastity assurance doesn't fully explain certain near-universal aspects of FGM - in particular the eschewal of anaesthetics (either general or local), even when available. (proof) | The function of chastity assurance is fundamental to both the pre-Islamic origins of FGM and also to Islam's adoption, maintenance and spread of FGM. However, chastity assurance doesn't fully explain certain near-universal aspects of FGM - in particular the eschewal of anaesthetics (either general or local), even when available. (proof) | ||