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'''''1. There were no Arabic copies of the Judeo-Christian scriptures available to Muhammad.''''' | '''''1. There were no Arabic copies of the Judeo-Christian scriptures available to Muhammad.''''' | ||
The Quran itself claims the charges were that Muhammad heard what was recited to him {{Quran|25|4-6}} or that he learned them from a foreigner {{Quran|16|103-104}}. Thus, the existence or otherwise of Arabic translations in Muhammad’s time is an irrelevancy. Moreover, epigraphic and historical evidence from the the time points to an Arabia which was awash in Greek and Syriac literature, and in which knowledge of both the Syriac and Greek alphabets were widespread, and both of these were used to write Arabic along with the Hismaetic and Safaitic scripts <ref>Al-Jallad. 2020. The Linguistic Landscape of pre-Islamic Arabia pages 117-124 </ref>. | |||
'''''2. There was no center of Judaism and/or Christianity in Mecca or the Hijaz in Muhammad’s time.''''' | '''''2. There was no center of Judaism and/or Christianity in Mecca or the Hijaz in Muhammad’s time.''''' | ||
As the Islamic literature itself shows Muhammad learnt the ‘tales of the ancients’ from individual Jews and Christians, some of whom we know by name, there is no need for Muhammad to learn from centers of Judaism or Christianity. The hadith confirms (as in {{Bukhari|4|56|814}}) that Muhammad did have contacts with Christian. Moreover, Christian recent research has shown that the Arabia of Muhammad's time was thoroughly Christianized . | |||
'''''3. There is no evidence that Muhammad borrowed these tales even though there were Jews and Christians in the region.''''' | '''''3. There is no evidence that Muhammad borrowed these tales even though there were Jews and Christians in the region.''''' |