Le viol dans la loi islamique: Difference between revisions

Sean Anthony et Catherine Bronson ont noté que "les érudits modernes ont tendance à considérer l'histoire la plus scandaleuse impliquant l'esclave comme la plus ancienne étant donné qu'elle apparaît dans les premières sources, bien que l'histoire du miel a un pedigrée supérieur aux yeux des savants. Ces érudits modernes raisonnent que, si l'histoire de la jalousie de Hafṣah après avoir vu le Prophète avec son esclave est antérieure à l'histoire du miel, alors les exégètes ont probablement inventé le récit du miel à une date ultérieure afin de fournir une alternative à la représentation peu flatteuse du Prophète et de ses épouses dans la première histoire. De plus, alors que l'histoire du miel peut fournir une explication quelque peu plausible pour les versets 66: 1-2, sa force explicative diminue considérablement lorsqu'elle est appliquée aux versets suivants. La gravité des versets 66: 5-6, qui menacent de divorce comme sanction pour avoir comploté contre le Prophète, semble disproportionnée pour une simple histoire de miel et de mauvaise haleine. "<ref>Sean Anthony and Catherine Bronson (2016) "Did Ḥafṣah edit the Qurʾān? A response with notes on the codices of the Prophet's wives" Journal of the Interational Quranic Studies Association 1(2016) pp.93-125 (p.102)</ref>

===Ali rapes an underage ward of the state===

Another relevant hadith is one which concerns an incident which led to the famous event of Ghadir Khumm, which is much disputed between Sunnis and Shias. Both Sunni and Shia sources agree that Muhammad received complaints about 'Ali taking a slave-girl from the ''Khums'' (the fifth of all booty allotted for the state<ref>{{Quran|8|41}}</ref>) to which those complaining felt that no private party was entitled.

The Arabic of the Sunni hadith below mentions 'Ali taking a Ghusl bath (which is mandatory after sexual contact or ejaculation), implying sexual activity. Later, at a place called Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad tried to pacify those who were upset with 'Ali by declaring Ali to be his ''Mawla''. ''Mawla'' is an honorific meaning something between "follower", "ally", and "leader", which the Shia interpret to mean "successor of Muhammad". Thus, in some sense, Ali's having raped an underage captive becomes the immediate cause of what the Shi'a insist was the the announcement of Ali's succession. The emergent Sunni polemic here casts some doubt on the historical reliability of the hadith, yet, as a hadith included in Sahih Bukhari, it more than meets the Sunni requirements for authenticity.

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|637}}|Narrated Buraida:

 

The Prophet (ﷺ) sent `Ali to Khalid to bring the Khumus (of the booty) and I hated `Ali, and '''`Ali had taken a bath (after a sexual act with a slave-girl from the Khumus)'''. I said to Khalid, "Don't you see this (i.e. `Ali)?" When we reached the Prophet (ﷺ) I mentioned that to him. He said, "O Buraida! Do you hate `Ali?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Do you hate him, for he deserves more than that from the Khumus."}}Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 1449), one of the most famous Hadith scholars of all time, points out in his seminal ''Fath al-Bari'' (the still-standard commentary on Sahih Bukhari) what several scholars before him noted: that in accounts of this event, Ali does not observe the required ''iddah'' (waiting) period to determine whether or not the girl was pregnant. Al-Asqalani quotes al-Khattabi who summarizes the possibilities: "she was either a virgin [strongly implying a young age in a culture where women married young], had not yet reached maturity, or Ali's ''[[ijtihad]]'' [independent reasoning] led him to not adhere to the waiting period in her case."<ref>{{Quote||لِاحْتِمَالِ أَنْ تَكُونَ عَذْرَاءَ أَوْ دُونَ الْبُلُوغِ أَوْ أَدَّاهُ اجْتِهَادُهُ أَنْ لَا اسْتِبْرَاءَ فِيهَا}}