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Iltifat: Difference between revisions
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Iltifāt (التفات, iltifaat), also known as grammatical shift, refers to places where the Quranic text makes an unexpected switch of grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd person) in pronouns referring to the same person or thing. Switches in pronoun number (singular, dual, plural) were also termed iltifāt or said to be related to iltifāt. Also considered by some scholars as iltifāt are unexpected changes of addressee, change of verb tense, change of grammatical case, and using a noun in place of a pronoun.<ref name="Haleem">M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (1992) [https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/411099 Grammatical Shift for rhetorical purposes: Iltifāt and related features in the Qurʾān] Qur'ān. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 55(3), 407-432. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00003621</ref> | Iltifāt (التفات, iltifaat), also known as grammatical shift, refers to places where the Quranic text makes an unexpected switch of grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd person) in pronouns referring to the same person or thing. Switches in pronoun number (singular, dual, plural) were also termed iltifāt or said to be related to iltifāt. Also considered by some scholars as iltifāt are unexpected changes of addressee, change of verb tense, change of grammatical case, and using a noun in place of a pronoun.<ref name="Haleem">M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (1992) [https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/411099 Grammatical Shift for rhetorical purposes: Iltifāt and related features in the Qurʾān] Qur'ān. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 55(3), 407-432. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00003621</ref> | ||
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Haleem attempts instead to explain 5:69 and 4:162 (and a similar issue in 2:177) as examples of iltifat, as did a few classical Islamic scholars. 20:63 is not addressed by Haleem, but this too will briefly be discussed below as it is the most famous grammatical error in the Quran. | Haleem attempts instead to explain 5:69 and 4:162 (and a similar issue in 2:177) as examples of iltifat, as did a few classical Islamic scholars. 20:63 is not addressed by Haleem, but this too will briefly be discussed below as it is the most famous grammatical error in the Quran. | ||
Sean Anthony has remarked that the Aisha tradition is also narrated from Hisham without Abu Mu'awiyah, and that there is "a lot of special pleading on Haleem's part" in his attempts to explain these errors as iltifat.<ref>[https://x.com/shahanSean/status/961132289928376320 Part of a Twitter thread by Professor Sean Anthony on grammatical errors in the Quran] 7 February 2018</ref> | Historian Sean Anthony has remarked that the Aisha tradition is also narrated from Hisham without Abu Mu'awiyah, and that there is "a lot of special pleading on Haleem's part" in his attempts to explain these errors as iltifat.<ref>[https://x.com/shahanSean/status/961132289928376320 Part of a Twitter thread by Professor Sean Anthony on grammatical errors in the Quran] 7 February 2018</ref> | ||
====4:162 and 2:177==== | ====4:162 and 2:177==== | ||