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...disadvantaged in matters of sexual, domestic, legal, financial, sartorial, and physical autonomy. According to Islamic legal theory, while not all of Isla ...uran and hadiths as a repository of regulations to be applied at all times and places.<ref>Ibid. pp. 153-157</ref>

...bn Ishaq]]. These sources imparts to their readers many ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model beh ...وة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

...s or highlight a hadith stating that Muhammad himself never struck a woman and narrations claiming that the instruction in his farewell sermon referred to {{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}

...r restricted in any way; thus anything that Allah wills will come to pass, and only he knows what this fate is. ==Qur'an==

.... On occasion, the scriptures diverge from this standard, inclusive usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scri ...d intellectual deficiency, which was pronounced by Muhammad according to a hadith collected in Sahih Bukhari.

[[Category:Islam and Science]] [[Category:Qur'an]]

...site of the annual Islamic pilgrimage called the [[Hajj]] which physically and financially able Muslims are required to attend at least once in their life ...a]] in 622 after facing prosecution for insulting and criticizing the gods and beliefs of the Meccan pagans. Ultimately, after erecting the Islamic state

...amongst the companions of the prophet and in the [[Isnad|isnads]] of the [[hadith]] she plays a pivotal role as the originator of many traditions. If the Isl ==Reasons for the Marriage==

...n clarifie également un certain nombre d'autres scénarios dans le verset [[Qur'an|65:4 du Coran]], notamment qu'il existe également une période d'attente d ...upted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

...amongst the companions of the prophet and in the [[Isnad|isnads]] of the [[hadith]] she plays a pivotal role as the originator of many traditions. If the Isl ...r brother."''''' The Prophet said, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she (Aisha) is lawful for me to marry."}}

[[File:Galen.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The writers of the Qur’an and hadith were influenced by Galen, the hugely influential 2^nd Century Gre ...e origins of each of these ideas at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.

...r to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually also includes clitoridectomy. ...ee [[Female Genital Mutilation in Islamic Law#FGM in the Hadith|FGM in the Hadith]]).

...Ibn Ishaq]]. These sources impart to their readers many ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model beh ...nformation in modern academic scholarship, as well as by Islamic modernist scholars.

...e:Muhammad and Aisha freeing chief's daughter.jpg|thumb|332x332px|Mohammed and his wife Aisha freeing the daughter of a tribal chief. From the Siyer-i Neb ...mmad, then 53, when Aisha was aged 9 or 10 according to [[sahih]] [[Hadith|hadith]] tradition.<ref>Narrated Hisham's father:

...ous".<ref>Jonathan A. C. Brown, ''Slavery & Islam'', Chapter 7: Concubines and consent, London: Oneworld Publications, 2019.<BR /> ...e traditional sources compare her concubinage to that of Hajar to Ibrahim, and the son that Mariyah bore was named Ibrahim. According to classical Islamic

...s Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.</q> ...a [[Prophecies|prophe]]<nowiki/>t and [[God]]'s messenger, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached in previous Abrahamic religions

...dith]], and [[scholars]] place many restrictions on what the believers can and cannot do. ==Qur'an==

...en and of female slaves who are not owned by the perpetrator. However, the Qur'an, on numerous occasions, permits Muslim men to have sexual relations with th ...l rape exacerbates the predicament of millions of women suffering [[Forced Marriage]] in certain regions of the world.</ref> While there is no punishment for r

[[File:OttomanEunuchsConcubines.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Concubines and eunuchs of Ottoman Harem in 1909]] ...slaveholding based in religious principles."<BR />Kecia Ali, Sexual Ethics and Islam, London: Oneworld Publications, 2006, pp. 42 ff.</ref>

...r to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...FGM estimates that in the 30 countries surveyed at least 200 million girls and women have undergone FGM.<ref>UNICEF [https://web.archive.org/web/202202241