All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith: Difference between revisions

From WikiIslam, the online resource on Islam
Jump to navigation Jump to search
[checked revision][checked revision]
(Created blank page)
 
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi.


Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.
The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include signs that show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a sign in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:
Q3:20 So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.
The four pausal sings and their meanings:
(مـ) pausing is mandatory.
(ج) pausing is allowed.
(صلى) pausing is allowed but continuation is preferred.
(قلى) continuation is allowed but pausing is preferred.
The type of the pause and its position are the work of scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. But to keep things simple, we didn’t count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.
In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span>  Q57:25
Old Hijazi:            wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…
Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…
'''The Rhyming Quality'''
'''High quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as:
عليم حكيم  ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations)
The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect:
Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m
'''Normal quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as:
عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations)
The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''
1- Individual instances. They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that the wikiislam team just collected the strongest 22 unique ones.
2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition.
<br />
== A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran ==
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5
Old Hijazi:           wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn.
Classical Arabic: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ۝﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7
Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḌh-Ḍhālimīn.
Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḌh-Ḍhālimīn.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾</span> Q2:102
OH: harūt wa mārūt
CA: harūta wa mārūt
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾</span> Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.
OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā
CA: bashīran wa nadhīrā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4
OH: wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn
CA: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166
OH: wa rāu l-ʕadhāb wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-asbāb
CA: waraʾawu l-ʕadhāba wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-asbāb
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا ‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:171
OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā
CA: duʕāʾan wa nidāʾā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾</span>
Q2:185,186
OH: shahru ramaḍān ǝl-ladhi unzil fīh ǝl-qurān hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min ǝl-hudē wa l-furqān… waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā safar faʕiddah min ayyām ukhar… fainnī qarīb ujīb daʕwata d-dāʕi…
CA: shahru ramaḍāna l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi l-qurʾānu hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa l-furqān… waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā safarin faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin ukhar… faʾinnī qarībun ʾujību daʕwata d-dāʕi…
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾</span>  Q2:247
OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.
CA: fil-ʕilmi wal-jism.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ ‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾</span>  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19
OH: khayrā kathīrā.
CA: khayran kathīrā.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو ‌عُسْرَةٍ ‌فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍۚ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span> Q2:280
OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.
CA: ʕusratin fanaḍhiratun ʾilā maysarah.
ʕusrah and maysarah in the dialect of Hijaz are pronounced as ʕusurah and maysurah. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.1 p.407)
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾</span>  Q3:30
OH: amadā baʕīdā
CA: ʾamadan baʕīdā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q3:63
OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn
CA: ʕalīmun bil-mufsidīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ ‌نَاصِرِينَ ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16
OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn
CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ ۝﴾</span>  Q3:115, 9:44
OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn
CA: ʕalīmun bil-muttaqīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155
OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-jamʕān innama stazallahum ǝsh-shayṭān bibaʕḍi mā…
CA: yawma ltaqa l-jamʕāni ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-shayṭānu bibaʕḍi mā…
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181
OH: wa naḥn aghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-anbiyāʾ bighayri ḥaqq.
CA: wa naḥnu ʾaghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-ʾanbiyāʾa bighayri ḥaqq.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا۝﴾</span> Q4:4
OH: haniyyā mariyyā.
CA: hanīʾan marīʾā.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span>  Q5:19
OH: min bashīr wa lā nadhīr (pause) faqad jākum bashīr wa nadhīr (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.
CA: min bashīrin wa lā nadhīr (pause) faqad jāʾakum bashīrun wa nadhīr (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَهُمْ ‌يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝</span>  Q6:26
OH: wa hum yanhawn ʕanh wa yanawn ʕanh.
CA: wa hum yanhawna ʕanhu wa yanʾawna ʕanh.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56
OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.
CA: mubashshirīna wa mundhirīn.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾</span>  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22
OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.
CA: fil-barri wal-baḥr.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ ‌حَمِيمٍ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q6:70 Q10:4
OH: min ḥamīm wa ʕadhāb alīm bimā…
CA: min ḥamīmin wa ʕadhābun ʾalīmun bimā…
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ ‌الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span> Q8:41
OH: yawm ǝl-furqān yawm ǝltaqa l-jamʕān.
CA: yawma l-furqāni yawma ltaqa l-jamʕān.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ ۝﴾</span>  Q9:21
OH: naʕīm muqīm.
CA: naʕīmun muqīm.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾</span>   Q9:109
OH: hār fanhār bih…
CA: hārin fanhāra bihī…
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ۝﴾</span>   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188
OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.
CA: nadhīrun wa bashīr.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.
OH: ḥukmā wa ʕilmā.
CA: ḥukman wa ʕilmā.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ ۝﴾</span> Q12:22
OH: makīn amīn
CA: makīnun ʾamīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ الْكُفَّارُ لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى ‌الدَّارِ۝﴾</span> Q13:42
OH: wa sayaʕlam ǝl-kuffār liman ʕuqba d-dār
CA: wa sayaʕlamu l-kuffāru liman ʕuqba d-dār
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ ۝﴾</span>  Q16:4, 36:77
OH: khasīm mubīn
CA: khasīmun mubīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q16:75
OH: sirrā wa jahrā
CA: sirran wa jahrā
﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرًا۝﴾   Q17:9
OH: ajrā kabīrā
CA: ʾajran kabīrā
﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا ۝﴾   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.
OH: mubashshirā wa nadhīrā
CA: mubashshiran wa nadhīrā
﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا ‌وَخَيْرٌ ‌عُقْبًا ۝﴾   Q18:44
OH: hū khayr thawābā wa khayr ʕuqbā
CA: huwa khayrun thawāban wa khayrun ʕuqbā
﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ ‌أَمْرًا۝﴾   Q18:69
OH: in shāʾ ǝllāh wa lā aʕṣī lak amrā
CA: in shāʾa llāh wa lā aʕṣī laka amrā
﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا۝﴾ Q19:27
OH: shayā fariyyā
CA: shayʾan fariyyā
﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا ۝﴾  Q20:112
OH: ḍhulmā wa lā haḍmā
CA: ḍhulman wa lā haḍmā
﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾  Q21:90
OH: raghabā wa rahabā
CA: raghaban wa rahabā
﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِۚ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ ‌بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾  Q22:25
OH: fīh wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīh biilḥād biḍhulm…
CA: fīhi wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīhi biʾilḥādin biḍhulmin…
﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا ‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا۝﴾   Q25:14
OH: thubūrā kathīrā
CA: thubūran kathīrā
﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ۝﴾   Q26:91
OH: wa burrizat ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn
CA: wa burrizati l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn
﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾  Q27:40
OH: aashkur am akfur
CA: ʾaʾashkuru ʾam ʾakfur
﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾   Q29:41
OH: wa inn awhan ǝl-buyūt labayt ǝl-ʕankabūt
CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti labaytu l-ʕankabūt
﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى ‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْرًا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾ Q31:7
OH: wallē mustakbirā kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh waqrā
CA: wallā mustakbiran kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi waqrā
﴿وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾   Q31:19
OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik
CA: waqṣid fī mashyika waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik
﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا۝﴾   Q33:38
OH: qadarā maqdūrā
CA: qadaran maqdūrā
﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۝﴾  Q33:41  
OH: dhikran kathīrā
CA: dhikrā kathīrā
﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ ‌مَهِينٌ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ۝﴾  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.
OH: hū mahīn wa lā yakād yabīn
CA: huwa mahīnun wa lā yakādu yabīn
﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten
OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
CA: illā qīlan salāman salāmā
﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾   Q56:33
OH: lā maqṭūʕah wa lā mamnūʕah
CA: lā maqṭūʕatin wa lā mamnūʕah
﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾  Q56:37
OH: ʕurubā atrābā
CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā
﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾   Q57:25
OH: wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…
CA: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…
﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ ‌مُنْكَرًا ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾  Q58:2
OH: munkarā min al-qawl wa zūrā
CA: munkaran mina l-qawli wa zūrā
﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ ‌حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾   Q60:4
OH: uswah ḥasanah fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn maʕah idh qālū…
CA: ʾuswatun ḥasanatun fī ʾibrāhīma wal-ladhīna maʕahū ʾidh qālū…
﴿وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا ۝﴾  Q71:22
OH: makrā kubbārā
CA: makran kubbārā
﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا ۝﴾   Q71:27
OH: fājirā kaffārā
CA: fājiran kaffārā
﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا ۝﴾ Q73:5
OH: qawlā thaqīlā
CA: qawlan thaqīlā
﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا ‌وَأَعْظَمَ ‌أَجْرًا ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾  Q73:20
OH: hū khayrā wa aʕḍham ajrā    
CA: huwa khayran wa ʾaʕḍhamu ʾajrā
﴿إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ۝﴾  Q74:18
OH: innah fakkar wa qaddar
CA: innahū fakkara wa qaddar
﴿ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝﴾  Q74:23
OH: thumm adbar was-takbar
CA: thumma ʾadbara was-takbar
﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا ۝﴾ Q76:3
OH: immā shākirā wa immā kafūrā
CA: ʾimmā shākiran wa ʾimmā kafūrā
﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا۝﴾   Q76:26
OH: laylā ṭawīlā
CA: laylan ṭawīlā
﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾   Q77:6
OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā
CA: ʕudhran ʾaw nudhrā
﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ۝﴾  Q77:32
OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar
CA: bishararin kal-qaṣar
In the canonical readings, the final word is read as “kal-qaṣr”. But a number of non-canonical readings read it as “kal-qaṣar” which makes it a perfect rhyming fit for the preceding word “bisharar”. The final word of the next verse is non-canonically read as ṣufur. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.10 p.248, 251)
﴿وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا ۝﴾  Q78:13
OH: sirājā wahhājā
CA: sirājan wahhājā
﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾ Q78:40
OH: ʕadhābā qarībā
CA: ʕadhāban qarībā (in the Baṣran and some Makkan readings that consider the second word an end of a verse)
CA: ʕadhāban qarīban (in the rest of readings that don’t consider the second word and end of a verse)
﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾  Q80:28
OH: wa ʕinabā wa qaḍbā
CA: wa ʕinaban wa qaḍbā
﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ۝﴾  Q80:42
OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh
CA: huʕ l-kafaratu l-fajarh
﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher
OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah
CA: nāṣiyatin kādhibatin khāṭiyah
﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ ‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ ۝﴾   Q104:1
OH: humazah lumazah
CA: humazatin lumazah
﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝﴾   Q107:7
OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn
CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn
﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي ‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ۝﴾   Q111:1
OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab wa tab
CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin wa tab
﴿مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ۝﴾  Q114:4
OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās

Revision as of 17:46, 8 February 2023

This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi.

Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.

The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include signs that show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a sign in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:

Q3:20 So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.


The four pausal sings and their meanings:

(مـ) pausing is mandatory.

(ج) pausing is allowed.

(صلى) pausing is allowed but continuation is preferred.

(قلى) continuation is allowed but pausing is preferred.


The type of the pause and its position are the work of scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. But to keep things simple, we didn’t count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.

In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:

﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾  Q57:25

Old Hijazi:            wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…

Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…


The Rhyming Quality

High quality: That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as:

عليم حكيم  ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations)

The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect:

Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m

Normal quality: That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as:

عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations)

The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant


Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes

1- Individual instances. They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that the wikiislam team just collected the strongest 22 unique ones.

2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition.


A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran

﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ۝﴾ Q2:90, 58:5

Old Hijazi:           wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn.

Classical Arabic: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn.


﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ۝﴾ Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7

Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḌh-Ḍhālimīn.

Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḌh-Ḍhālimīn.


﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾ Q2:102

OH: harūt wa mārūt

CA: harūta wa mārūt


﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾ Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.

OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā

CA: bashīran wa nadhīrā


﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ۝﴾   Q2:104 Q58:4

OH: wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn

CA: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn


﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ۝﴾  Q2:166

OH: wa rāu l-ʕadhāb wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-asbāb

CA: waraʾawu l-ʕadhāba wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-asbāb


﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا ‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾ Q2:171

OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā

CA: duʕāʾan wa nidāʾā


﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾

Q2:185,186

OH: shahru ramaḍān ǝl-ladhi unzil fīh ǝl-qurān hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min ǝl-hudē wa l-furqān… waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā safar faʕiddah min ayyām ukhar… fainnī qarīb ujīb daʕwata d-dāʕi…

CA: shahru ramaḍāna l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi l-qurʾānu hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa l-furqān… waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā safarin faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin ukhar… faʾinnī qarībun ʾujību daʕwata d-dāʕi…


﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾  Q2:247

OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.

CA: fil-ʕilmi wal-jism.


﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ ‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19

OH: khayrā kathīrā.

CA: khayran kathīrā.


﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو ‌عُسْرَةٍ ‌فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍۚ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾ Q2:280

OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.

CA: ʕusratin fanaḍhiratun ʾilā maysarah.

ʕusrah and maysarah in the dialect of Hijaz are pronounced as ʕusurah and maysurah. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.1 p.407)


﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾  Q3:30

OH: amadā baʕīdā

CA: ʾamadan baʕīdā


﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ۝﴾  Q3:63

OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-mufsidīn


﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ ‌نَاصِرِينَ ۝﴾   Q3:91 16

OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn

CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn


﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ ۝﴾  Q3:115, 9:44

OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-muttaqīn


﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾  Q3:155

OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-jamʕān innama stazallahum ǝsh-shayṭān bibaʕḍi mā…

CA: yawma ltaqa l-jamʕāni ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-shayṭānu bibaʕḍi mā…


﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾  Q3:181

OH: wa naḥn aghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-anbiyāʾ bighayri ḥaqq.

CA: wa naḥnu ʾaghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-ʾanbiyāʾa bighayri ḥaqq.


﴿فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا۝﴾ Q4:4

OH: haniyyā mariyyā.

CA: hanīʾan marīʾā.


﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾  Q5:19

OH: min bashīr wa lā nadhīr (pause) faqad jākum bashīr wa nadhīr (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.

CA: min bashīrin wa lā nadhīr (pause) faqad jāʾakum bashīrun wa nadhīr (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.


﴿وَهُمْ ‌يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝  Q6:26

OH: wa hum yanhawn ʕanh wa yanawn ʕanh.

CA: wa hum yanhawna ʕanhu wa yanʾawna ʕanh.


﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56

OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.

CA: mubashshirīna wa mundhirīn.


﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22

OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.

CA: fil-barri wal-baḥr.


﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ ‌حَمِيمٍ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾  Q6:70 Q10:4

OH: min ḥamīm wa ʕadhāb alīm bimā…

CA: min ḥamīmin wa ʕadhābun ʾalīmun bimā…


﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ ‌الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾ Q8:41

OH: yawm ǝl-furqān yawm ǝltaqa l-jamʕān.

CA: yawma l-furqāni yawma ltaqa l-jamʕān.


﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ ۝﴾  Q9:21

OH: naʕīm muqīm.

CA: naʕīmun muqīm.


﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾   Q9:109

OH: hār fanhār bih…

CA: hārin fanhāra bihī…


﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ۝﴾   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188

OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.

CA: nadhīrun wa bashīr.


﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.

OH: ḥukmā wa ʕilmā.

CA: ḥukman wa ʕilmā.


﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ ۝﴾ Q12:22

OH: makīn amīn

CA: makīnun ʾamīn


﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ الْكُفَّارُ لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى ‌الدَّارِ۝﴾ Q13:42

OH: wa sayaʕlam ǝl-kuffār liman ʕuqba d-dār

CA: wa sayaʕlamu l-kuffāru liman ʕuqba d-dār


﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ ۝﴾  Q16:4, 36:77

OH: khasīm mubīn

CA: khasīmun mubīn


﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾  Q16:75

OH: sirrā wa jahrā

CA: sirran wa jahrā


﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرًا۝﴾   Q17:9

OH: ajrā kabīrā

CA: ʾajran kabīrā


﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا ۝﴾   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.

OH: mubashshirā wa nadhīrā

CA: mubashshiran wa nadhīrā


﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا ‌وَخَيْرٌ ‌عُقْبًا ۝﴾   Q18:44

OH: hū khayr thawābā wa khayr ʕuqbā

CA: huwa khayrun thawāban wa khayrun ʕuqbā


﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ ‌أَمْرًا۝﴾   Q18:69

OH: in shāʾ ǝllāh wa lā aʕṣī lak amrā

CA: in shāʾa llāh wa lā aʕṣī laka amrā


﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا۝﴾ Q19:27

OH: shayā fariyyā

CA: shayʾan fariyyā


﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا ۝﴾  Q20:112

OH: ḍhulmā wa lā haḍmā

CA: ḍhulman wa lā haḍmā


﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾  Q21:90

OH: raghabā wa rahabā

CA: raghaban wa rahabā


﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِۚ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ ‌بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾  Q22:25

OH: fīh wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīh biilḥād biḍhulm…

CA: fīhi wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīhi biʾilḥādin biḍhulmin…


﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا ‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا۝﴾   Q25:14

OH: thubūrā kathīrā

CA: thubūran kathīrā


﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ۝﴾   Q26:91

OH: wa burrizat ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn

CA: wa burrizati l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn


﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾  Q27:40

OH: aashkur am akfur

CA: ʾaʾashkuru ʾam ʾakfur


﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾   Q29:41

OH: wa inn awhan ǝl-buyūt labayt ǝl-ʕankabūt

CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti labaytu l-ʕankabūt


﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى ‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْرًا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾ Q31:7

OH: wallē mustakbirā kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh waqrā

CA: wallā mustakbiran kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi waqrā


﴿وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾   Q31:19

OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik

CA: waqṣid fī mashyika waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik


﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا۝﴾   Q33:38

OH: qadarā maqdūrā

CA: qadaran maqdūrā


﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۝﴾  Q33:41  

OH: dhikran kathīrā

CA: dhikrā kathīrā


﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ ‌مَهِينٌ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ۝﴾  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.

OH: hū mahīn wa lā yakād yabīn

CA: huwa mahīnun wa lā yakādu yabīn


﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten

OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā

CA: illā qīlan salāman salāmā


﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾   Q56:33

OH: lā maqṭūʕah wa lā mamnūʕah

CA: lā maqṭūʕatin wa lā mamnūʕah


﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾  Q56:37

OH: ʕurubā atrābā

CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā


﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾   Q57:25

OH: wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…

CA: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…


﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ ‌مُنْكَرًا ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾  Q58:2

OH: munkarā min al-qawl wa zūrā

CA: munkaran mina l-qawli wa zūrā


﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ ‌حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾   Q60:4

OH: uswah ḥasanah fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn maʕah idh qālū…

CA: ʾuswatun ḥasanatun fī ʾibrāhīma wal-ladhīna maʕahū ʾidh qālū…


﴿وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا ۝﴾  Q71:22

OH: makrā kubbārā

CA: makran kubbārā


﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا ۝﴾   Q71:27

OH: fājirā kaffārā

CA: fājiran kaffārā


﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا ۝﴾ Q73:5

OH: qawlā thaqīlā

CA: qawlan thaqīlā


﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا ‌وَأَعْظَمَ ‌أَجْرًا ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾  Q73:20

OH: hū khayrā wa aʕḍham ajrā    

CA: huwa khayran wa ʾaʕḍhamu ʾajrā


﴿إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ۝﴾  Q74:18

OH: innah fakkar wa qaddar

CA: innahū fakkara wa qaddar


﴿ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝﴾  Q74:23

OH: thumm adbar was-takbar

CA: thumma ʾadbara was-takbar


﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا ۝﴾ Q76:3

OH: immā shākirā wa immā kafūrā

CA: ʾimmā shākiran wa ʾimmā kafūrā


﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا۝﴾   Q76:26

OH: laylā ṭawīlā

CA: laylan ṭawīlā


﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾   Q77:6

OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā

CA: ʕudhran ʾaw nudhrā


﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ۝﴾  Q77:32

OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar

CA: bishararin kal-qaṣar

In the canonical readings, the final word is read as “kal-qaṣr”. But a number of non-canonical readings read it as “kal-qaṣar” which makes it a perfect rhyming fit for the preceding word “bisharar”. The final word of the next verse is non-canonically read as ṣufur. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.10 p.248, 251)


﴿وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا ۝﴾  Q78:13

OH: sirājā wahhājā

CA: sirājan wahhājā


﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾ Q78:40

OH: ʕadhābā qarībā

CA: ʕadhāban qarībā (in the Baṣran and some Makkan readings that consider the second word an end of a verse)

CA: ʕadhāban qarīban (in the rest of readings that don’t consider the second word and end of a verse)


﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾  Q80:28

OH: wa ʕinabā wa qaḍbā

CA: wa ʕinaban wa qaḍbā


﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ۝﴾  Q80:42

OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh

CA: huʕ l-kafaratu l-fajarh


﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher

OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah

CA: nāṣiyatin kādhibatin khāṭiyah


﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ ‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ ۝﴾   Q104:1

OH: humazah lumazah

CA: humazatin lumazah


﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝﴾   Q107:7

OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn

CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn


﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي ‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ۝﴾   Q111:1

OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab wa tab

CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin wa tab


﴿مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ۝﴾  Q114:4

OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās

CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās

Retrieved from "http://wikiislamica.net/index.php?title=All_Examples_of_Old_Hijazi_Internal_Rhymes_in_the_Quran_and_Hadith&oldid=136267"