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Old Hijazi: Difference between revisions
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These texts are mainly official documents belonging to the Umayyad caliphate which was founded by Muʕāwiyah, a companion of Muhammad. Although the Greek texts in these documents contain short Arabic phrases (mainly names and titles), they reveal that the documented dialect has the following features: | These texts are mainly official documents belonging to the Umayyad caliphate which was founded by Muʕāwiyah, a companion of Muhammad. Although the Greek texts in these documents contain short Arabic phrases (mainly names and titles), they reveal that the documented dialect has the following features: | ||
1-The loss of final short vowels and nunation.<ref>[ | '''1-The loss of final short vowels and nunation'''.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century <nowiki>Ahmad Al-Jallad, The Arabic of the Islamic conquests, 2017, p11]</nowiki>]</ref> | ||
E.g.:The name banī saʕd بني سعد is written without the final short vowel ‘i’ and without nunation (tanwīn): | |||
Β(ανι) Σααδ β(εν) Μαλεχ / B(ani) saad b(en) malek / بني سعد بن مالك | Β(ανι) Σααδ β(εν) Μαλεχ / B(ani) saad b(en) malek / بني سعد بن مالك | ||
Classical Arabic pronunciation: Banī saʕdin ibni mālik | Classical Arabic pronunciation: Banī saʕdin ibni mālik | ||
You can view the papyri [https://www.islamic-awareness.org/history/islam/papyri/jerus.html here]. | You can view the papyri [https://www.islamic-awareness.org/history/islam/papyri/jerus.html here]. | ||
'''2- Final short vowels are retained In construct.''' | |||
E.g. | |||
Ομμου Ιωσεw / ommu yūsef/ أم يوسف <ref>[https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century Ahmad Al-Jallad, The Arabic of the Islamic conquests, 2017, p12]</ref> | |||
But if the possessive noun begins with the definite article, the final short vowel of the possessed noun is replaced with the vowel of the ‘al’ article. E.g.: αβδαλλα/abdalla / عبد الله (Classical Arabic: Abdullah). | |||
'''3- The feminine ending “ah” changes to “at” only in construct'''<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century Ahmad Al-Jallad, The Arabic of the Islamic conquests, 2017, p14]</ref>'''. Which proves the lack of final short vowels in non-construct.''' | |||
Example for feminine “at” in construct: | |||
The (female) servant of God أمة الله | |||
αμαθαλλα : amatalla<ref>Kaplony, Andreas, The orthography and pronunciation of Arabic names and terms in the Greek , p.16</ref> | |||
'''4- Case inflection with long vowels is retained.''' | |||
The word “father” in the nominative appears as abū while in the genitive appears as abī<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century Ahmad Al-Jallad, The Arabic of the Islamic conquests, 2017, p11]</ref>. | |||
E.g.<ref>Ahmad Al-Jallad, [https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century The Arabic of the Islamic conquests], 2017, p12</ref> | |||
Αβου Σαειδ /abū saʕīd/ أبو سعيد | |||
Οβαιδαλλα β(ιν) Αβιλαας / ʕobaydallāh b(in) ʾabī l-ʕās ̣/ عبيد الله بن أبي العاص | |||
'''5- The alef maqsūrah ى is pronounced as ē instead of the Classical Arabic pronunciation ā.''' | |||
E.g. <ref>Ahmad Al-Jallad, [https://www.academia.edu/24938389/Al_Jallad_2017_The_Arabic_of_the_Islamic_Conquests_Notes_on_Phonology_and_Morphology_based_on_the_Greek_Transcriptions_from_the_First_Islamic_Century The Arabic of the Islamic conquests], 2017, p13</ref> | |||
Μαυλε /mawlē/مولى | |||
ιαειε /yaḥyē/ يحيى | |||
ιαλε /yaʕlē/يعلى | |||
<references /> | |||