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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimma: Difference between revisions
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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimma (view source)
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{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|20|3224}}|Narrated Bashir, the Client of the Apostle of Allah: Bashir's name in pre-Islamic days was Zahm ibn Ma'bad. When he migrated to the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him). He asked: What is your name? He replied: Zahm. He said: No, you are Bashir. He (Bashir) said: When I was walking with the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) he passed by the graves of the polytheists. He said: They lived before (a period of) abundant good. He said this three times. He then passed by the graves of Muslims. He said: They received abundant good. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) suddenly saw a man walking in shoes between the graves. He said: O man, wearing the shoes! Woe to thee! Take off thy shoes. So the man looked (round), When he recognized the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him), he took them off and threw them away.|See Also {{Abu Dawud|20|3225}}}} | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|20|3224}}|Narrated Bashir, the Client of the Apostle of Allah: Bashir's name in pre-Islamic days was Zahm ibn Ma'bad. When he migrated to the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him). He asked: What is your name? He replied: Zahm. He said: No, you are Bashir. He (Bashir) said: When I was walking with the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) he passed by the graves of the polytheists. He said: They lived before (a period of) abundant good. He said this three times. He then passed by the graves of Muslims. He said: They received abundant good. The Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) suddenly saw a man walking in shoes between the graves. He said: O man, wearing the shoes! Woe to thee! Take off thy shoes. So the man looked (round), When he recognized the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him), he took them off and threw them away.|See Also {{Abu Dawud|20|3225}}}} | ||
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=92261 |title= Killing a Muslim in punishment for killing a non-Muslim|publisher= Islamweb |series= Fatwa No.92261|author= |date= August 1, 2006|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Femainpage%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dshowfatwa%26Option%3DFatwaId%26Id%3D92261+&date=2013-10-26|deadurl=no}}|First of all, you should know that '''a Muslim should not be killed for killing a belligerent non-Muslim according to the consensus of the scholars may Allaah have mercy upon them. According to the view of the majority of the scholars may Allaah have mercy upon them a Muslim should not be killed against a free non-Muslim under the Muslim rule.''' The evidence about this is the saying of the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allaah exalt his mention ): | |||
"A Muslim should not be killed for killing a non-Muslim." [At-Tirmithi] | |||
Moreover, according to the view of the majority of the scholars may Allaah have mercy upon them the title (and rulings) “disbeliever” is applicable to a free non-Muslim under the Muslim rule. However, Abu Haneefah, and the scholars of his School of jurisprudence may Allaah have mercy upon them are of the view that a Muslim should be killed for killing a free non-Muslim under Muslim rule; their evidence is the two verses which the questioner mentioned. | |||
Nonetheless, '''the correct opinion is that of the majority of the scholars may Allaah have mercy upon them that is based on the above Prophetic narration, which is a direct proof related to the case of dispute'''. | |||
Allaah Knows best.}} | |||
==Jizya Tax == | ==Jizya Tax == | ||
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|288}}|Narrated Said bin Jubair: Ibn 'Abbas said, "Thursday! What (great thing) took place on Thursday!" Then he started weeping till his tears wetted the gravels of the ground . Then he said, "On Thursday the illness of Allah's Apostle was aggravated and he said, "Fetch me writing materials so that I may have something written to you after which you will never go astray." The people (present there) differed in this matter and people should not differ before a prophet. They said, "Allah's Apostle is seriously sick.' The Prophet said, "Let me alone, as the state in which I am now, is better than what you are calling me for." The Prophet on his death-bed, gave three orders saying, "'''Expel the pagans from the Arabian Peninsula''', respect and give gifts to the foreign delegates as you have seen me dealing with them." I forgot the third (order)" (Ya'qub bin Muhammad said, "I asked Al-Mughira bin 'Abdur-Rahman about the Arabian Peninsula and he said, 'It comprises Mecca, Medina, Al-Yama-ma and Yemen." Ya'qub added, "And Al-Arj, the beginning of Tihama.")}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|288}}|Narrated Said bin Jubair: Ibn 'Abbas said, "Thursday! What (great thing) took place on Thursday!" Then he started weeping till his tears wetted the gravels of the ground . Then he said, "On Thursday the illness of Allah's Apostle was aggravated and he said, "Fetch me writing materials so that I may have something written to you after which you will never go astray." The people (present there) differed in this matter and people should not differ before a prophet. They said, "Allah's Apostle is seriously sick.' The Prophet said, "Let me alone, as the state in which I am now, is better than what you are calling me for." The Prophet on his death-bed, gave three orders saying, "'''Expel the pagans from the Arabian Peninsula''', respect and give gifts to the foreign delegates as you have seen me dealing with them." I forgot the third (order)" (Ya'qub bin Muhammad said, "I asked Al-Mughira bin 'Abdur-Rahman about the Arabian Peninsula and he said, 'It comprises Mecca, Medina, Al-Yama-ma and Yemen." Ya'qub added, "And Al-Arj, the beginning of Tihama.")}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|19|4366}}|It has been narrated by 'Umar b. al-Khattib that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: '''I will expel the Jews and Christians from the Arabian Peninsula and will not leave any but Muslim.'''}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim|19|4366}}|It has been narrated by 'Umar b. al-Khattib that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) say: '''I will expel the Jews and Christians from the Arabian Peninsula and will not leave any but Muslim.'''}} | ||
'''Abu Dawud Volume 2 Number 2999:''' Mohammed expelled every Jew living in Medina. | '''Abu Dawud Volume 2 Number 2999:''' Mohammed expelled every Jew living in Medina. | ||
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/abudawud/20/78 |title=Sunan Abu Dawud: Book 20 Hadith 78 (Hadith 2999 in English) |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140708220628/http://sunnah.com/abudawud/20/78 |deadurl=no}} |Ibn ‘Umar said “The Jews Al Nadir and Quraizah fought with the Apostle of Allaah, so the Apostle of Allaah expelled Banu Al Nadir and allowed the Quraizah to stay and favored them. The Quraizah thereafter fought (with the Prophet).” So he killed their men and divided their women, property and children among Muslims except some of them who associated with the Apostle of Allaah. He gave them protection and later on they embraced Islam. The Apostle of Allaah expelled all the Jews of Madeenah in Toto, Banu Qainuqa, they were the people of ‘Abd Allaah bin Salam, the Jews of Banu Harith and any of Jews who resided in Madeenah.}} | |||
'''Abu Dawud Volume 2 Number 3023, 3024, 3026:''' He commanded to expel the polytheists. | '''Abu Dawud Volume 2 Number 3023, 3024, 3026:''' He commanded to expel the polytheists. | ||
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{{Core POTB}} | {{Core POTB}} | ||
==Miscellaneous== | |||
Umar b. al-Khattab, the second Rashidun caliph, made the following statement about dhimmis to his followers, cited by Hanafi scholar Abu Yusuf. | |||
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=PJNgCwAAQBAJ&dq=Muslims+would+not+find+a+man+to+talk+to+and+profit+from+his+labors&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise |publisher=Open Road Media |author=Darío Fernández-Morera |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}} ISBN 1504034694. See also [http://web.archive.org/web/20160918142008/https://world.wng.org/2016/09/life_as_a_dhimmi_in_medieval_islamic_spain].|Have you considered, if we take them [as slaves] and share them out, what will be left for Muslims who come after us? By God, the Muslims would not find a man to talk to and profit from his labors. The Muslims of our day will eat [from the work of] these people as long as they live, and when we and they die, our sons will eat their sons forever, as long as they remain, for they are slaves to the people of the religion of Islam as long as the religion of Islam shall prevail.}} | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
{{Hub4|Dhimmitude|Dhimmitude}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||