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...enocides and acts of ethnic cleansing under Muslim regimes from the origin of Islam to present day. ...orld have not been uniquely peaceful, harmonious, or innocent of the kinds of attrocities perpetrated throughout history.

...f Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah, Translated by A. Guillaume, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, (Re-issued in Karachi, Pakistan, 1967, 13th impression, 1 ..., Translated by W. M. Watt and M.V. McDonald, State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1988, ISBN: 0-88706-707-7, pp. 107-112.</ref>}}

...[[jizyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion and the strictures of the [[dhimma]]. 3. Fighting until death. ...nder Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|page=79}}</ref>.

...aliph is, however, only legally and not theologically binding upon members of the Muslim ummah who consider him legitimate. ...uld lead to infighting, and thus Abu Bakr suggested to the entire assembly of Medinans either Umar or Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah be made leader. When the

...res of Faith: The making of the Prophet of Islam'', Oakland CA: University of California, 2020, pp. 194-6</ref> Manuscripts purported to be the original ...Dr. Majid Ali (1998). Muhammad The Final Messenger. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India). ISBN 81-85738-25-4</ref>]]

<metadesc>Syrian legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Qur'an</metadesc> ...ficantly with the version taught by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Theodore of Tarsus (d. 690 CE), and which can be situated in an early 7th century Pales

...he legacy of its more immediate surroundings continue to this day in terms of names, rituals and some specific beliefs. ==History of the name Allah and the Basmala==

...Qayyim (d. 1350 AD), Ibn Kathir, al-Hindi and ‘Ali ‘Ajin</ref> '''the Pact of Umar''' (العهدة العمرية‎, Al-'Uhda Al-'Umariyya) (637 AD) is ...tly existing, internationally recognized state implements the stipulations of the pact.

...re common practice. Girls below the age of 18, and often far below the age of puberty are forcibly [[Marriage|married]] to older persons (sometimes in th ...r age. See the article [[Forced Marriage]] for more detail and for sources of help for those at risk.<ref>For example [https://www.mwnuk.co.uk/Forced_Mar

...the overwhelming majority of Islamic scholars today embrace the tradition of Islamic violence in all three respects. ...gued that the modern continuation of this practice is found in the actions of Islamic leaders such as Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and even terrorist organization

...histicated, and nuanced" interpretation of Islam than the "standard image" of Wahhabism.<ref name="DLB2004: 5">[[#DLB2004|DeLong-Bas, ''Wahhabi Islam'', ...world view", Islamic law, women and Wahhabism, ''jihad'' and the evolution of Wahhabism.<ref name="B&N">{{cite web|title=Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and

...ss.princeton.edu/titles/1434.html The Jews of Islam], Princeton University Press, June 1, 1987, ISBN 9780691008073, pp. 25-26.</ref> ...//www.cyberistan.org/islamic/sciencehistory.htm|2=2011-04-18}} The Miracle of Islamic Science] - Knowledge House; 1st edition (September 1992) p. 200. IS

...Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...mall number of hadiths describe punishments for the rape of free women and of female slaves who are not owned by the perpetrator. However, the Qur'an, on ...ment of millions of women suffering [[Forced Marriage]] in certain regions of the world.</ref> While there is no punishment for rape victims, human right

...r but was forced to quit her classes upon engagement. Image from the ''New York Times Magazine''.]] ...irteen and the Persian Sassinids allowed marital consummation from the age of twelve.

[[File:Human Embryo.jpg|thumb|Photo of Human Embryo (7 weeks)]] ...ran to be a [[Islam and Science|scientific miracle]] of Islam and evidence of claims to its divine origin. However, critics claim the [[Ayat|verses]] to

...ial cornerstones of Capitalism. The right to speak and what are the limits of speech are therefore all defined by human beings. ...m it is the Creator of human beings Allah سبحانه وتعالى who gave the right of speech to people and defined the limits on what is acceptable and unaccepta

...r but was forced to quit her classes upon engagement. Image from the ''New York Times Magazine''.]] ...irteen and the Persian Sassinids allowed marital consummation from the age of twelve.

| name = The History of al-Tabari<BR>Volumes 1-40 | image = [[File:The History of al-Tabari.jpg|150px]]