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Modern Islamic Scholars claim that modern science has proved that roots of mountains go inside the earth like pegs, therefore it is a miracle of Quran to tell it correctly 1400 years ago.  
= <big>'''<u>Title: Blasphemy laws and the insult of Non-Muslims in Quran and Hadith</u>'''</big> =
Those among Muslims, who support the blasphemy laws, brings the argument that blasphemy laws are necessary against insulting prophet Muhammad while it hurts the feeling of billions of Muslims and bring emotional harm to them<ref>[https://ummid.com/news/2021/july/08.07.2021/uk-parliament-urged-to-criminalise-all-acts-insulting-to-prophet-muhammad.html UK Parliament urged to criminalise all acts insulting to Prophet Muhammad]</ref>.  


While the critics not only deny it to be a miracle of Quran, but also claim that Quran made two scientific mistakes about the mountains.  
While critics bring the counter arguments why freedom to criticise, critique and mock religion is in accordance with the human nature, and has been fundamental to human progress<ref>[https://www.secularism.org.uk/opinion/2021/07/naz-shahs-argument-on-blasphemy-should-be-rejected Why mocking religion is necessary for human progress! Secularism.Org.]</ref><ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/exmuslim/comments/rolct3/reasons_why_criticizing_and_even_hating_and_even/ Reasons why criticizing and even hating and insulting Muhammad is fully justified]</ref>. They point out, even Quran and Hadith themselves contain insult and blasphemy against the Non-Muslims.  


===Advocate's claim: Quran rightly told 1400 years ago that mountains works as pegs/anchors in order to stabilize the otherwise shaking earth===
==Perspective of the Supporters of Blasphemy law==
They quote the following verses as a proof.
In many Islamic countries, insulting Islam or prophet Muhammad is already a crime with punishments, including killing<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy_law#Muslim-majority_countries Punishment of insulting Islam/Muhammad in the Islamic Countries]</ref>. There is a campaign now to make it also a criminal offence in the western secular world too. Their arguments are as under:  
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/78.7 Quran 78:7]|وَٱلْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًا</br>
And the mountains as '''pegs'''?}}{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/21.31 Quran 21:31]|وجعلنا في الأرض رواسي أن تميد بهم </br>


And We made on the Earth stabilisers (i.e. Mountains), so that it would not tumble with you.}}
===(1) Insulting Muhammad causes unbearable emotional harm to those who love him===
Please also see the verses [https://quranx.com/15.19 15:19], [https://quranx.com/16:15 16:15], and [https://quranx.com/31.10 31:10]
UK Parliament Naz Shah urged to criminalise all acts that insult Prophet Muhammad:
==The idea of Mountains being Pegs had already existed among the Arabs before Muhammad==
{{Quote|[https://ummid.com/news/2021/july/08.07.2021/uk-parliament-urged-to-criminalise-all-acts-insulting-to-prophet-muhammad.html UK Parliament urged to criminalise all acts insulting to Prophet Muhammad]|“It is because Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the leader for two billion Muslims who commemorate Him in their hearts, honour Him in their lives ... But when bigots and racist defame, slander or abuse our Prophet (PBUH), ... the emotional harm caused upon our hearts is unbearable”}}
The idea of mountains being pegs even existed among the Arabs before Muhammad. For example, Ka’ab was one of the ancestor of Muhammad. This Ka’ab also declared mountains to be pegs long before Muhammad.


{{Quote|[http://web.archive.org/web/20170921141119/http://islamport.com/d/3/tkh/1/78/1963.html History of Ya'qubi]|فأما كعب بن لؤي، فكان أعظم ولد أبيه قدرا، وأعظمهم شرفا، وكان أول من سمي يوم الجمعة بالجمعة، وكانت العرب تسميه عروبة، فجمعهم فيه، وكان يخطب عليهم، فيقول: اسمعوا، وتعلموا، وافهموا، واعلموا أن الليل ساج، والنهار ضاح، والأرض مهاد، والسماء عماد، '''''والجبال أوتاد'''''، والنجوم أعلام، </br>
===(2) Negative comment on Muhammad should be a considered a criminal offense like Holocaust===
Ka'ab Bin Lowy was a man of great honour among his ancestors and progeny. He was the first person who gave the name of Friday to the day of Friday. Arabs used to call him 'Aroba. He gathered them and advised them to hear, learn and understand,  and to know that night is deserted and silent, while day is full of sunlight, and earth is a cradle while sky is a support, '''and mountains are pegs''', and stars are signs, ...}}
It is a criminal offence in some European countries to make a negative comment about Holocaust<ref>[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/698043/EPRS_BRI(2021)698043_EN.pdf EU: Holocaust denial in criminal law]</ref>. Prime Minister Imran Khan of Pakistan arguments that negative comment on Muhammad should also be considered a criminal offence like Holocaust. 
{{Quote|[https://www.dawn.com/news/1618885 Pakistan PM calls for West to criminalise blasphemy against Islam]|My message to extremists abroad who indulge in Islamophobia & racist slurs to hurt & cause pain to 1.3 bn Muslims across the globe: We Muslims have the greatest love & respect for our Prophet PBUH who lives in our hearts. We cannot tolerate any such disrespect & abuse.</br>
I call on Western govts who have outlawed any negative comment on the holocaust to use the same standards to penalise those deliberately spreading their message of hate against Muslims by abusing our Prophet.}}


Similarly, other civilizations also had the concept of mountains having roots. For example, we find this concept in bible too.  
==Perspective of the Critics of Blasphemy law==
There is a campaign for repealing the blasphemy laws<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy_law#Campaigns_for_repeal Campaign for repealing the Blasphemy Laws]</ref>, under which many Western countries have already abolished the blasphemy laws completely in the recent times. According to the critics of blasphemy law:{{Quote|[https://web.archive.org/web/20211010160706/https://atheism-vs-islam.com/index.php/miscellaneous-articles/5-why-western-laws-about-blasphemy-are-fully-justified-and-according-to-the-human-nature atheism-vs-islam.com]|'''(1) Punishment of an "Oral" Insult could not be any "Physical" Punishment:''' If 1.5 billion Muslims are hurt from the oral insult of prophet, then the Secular Western Laws also allow these 1.5 billion Muslims to orally insult that person and hurt his feelings too in the reply. And if oral insult has any influence, then that person would surely die due the curses and insults of these 1.5 Billion Muslims. If someone is cursing you, then the western laws allow you too to curse him back orally, but they don't allow you become physical. </br>
'''(2) Where there is “Preaching”, there is also “Criticism”:''' Both preaching and criticism go hand in hand in the western secular law. Everyone is allowed to preach his religion/ideology, but then other is also fully allowed to differ and criticise. Western Secular laws provide with full freedom to preach your religion/ideology, which comes under the right of [https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/know-your-rights/freedoms/freedom-thought-conscience-and-religion_en Freedom of Religion]. At the same time, they also provide full freedom to criticise any religion/ideology under the right of [https://ec.europa.eu/info/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-rights-eu/know-your-rights/freedoms/freedom-expression-and-information_en Freedom of Expression]</br>
'''(3) Where there is “Praise”, there is also “Insult”:''' Muslims consider Muhammad to be the best of mankind. Thus they could highly "praise" Muhammad. While the Non-Muslims  believe Muhammad to be a wrong-doer (who made false drama of prophethood and thus millions of people died due to it). And they are hurt and feel emotional harmed when such a wrong-doer (in their opinion) is "praised". Nevertheless, the western secular system fully allows Muslims to praise Muhammad as much as they want, while the Non-Muslims could not stop them from praising Muhammad, '''and they have to bear this praise in name of Freedom of Expression''' and move on. Similarly, even if Muslims claim they are hurt when someone insults Muhammad, still they could not stop non-Muslims from orally insulting Muhammad. '''They have to bear this insult and move on'''.
'''(4) Human Nature:''' It is normal according to the human nature that people may become angry during the discussions & debates due to the difference of opinions and use harsh words in anger for the opponent. And the western law is thus based upon this exact human nature. Even the writer of Quran showed this exact human nature. When the opponent's didn't accept the prophethood of Muhammad, then the writer of Quran  became angry and then he started cursing them several times in Quran, and insulting them by equating them to the Donkey, Dogs and the worst of animals and the worst of creatures, and for being filthy, and calling them names (like Abu Jahl) and “bastard” (Arabic: زنیم) and fools and deaf and blind and Kafir.}}
== Quranic Verses which are insulting the opponents==
Islam critics point out that the following Quranic Verses are insulting the opponents. {{Quote|{{Quran-range|68|10|13}}|Heed not the type of despicable men,- ready with oaths, A slanderer, going about with calumnies, (Habitually) hindering (all) good, transgressing beyond bounds, deep in sin, Violent (and cruel),- with all that,''' base-born (bastard),-'''}}{{Quote|{{Quran|111|1}}|May the hands of Abu Lahab perish! May he too perish!}}{{Quote|{{Quran|2|89}}|Allah's '''curse''' is on (all) the unbelievers.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|2|161}}|Surely (all) those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers, these it is on whom is the '''curse of Allah and the angels and men all''';}}{{Quote|{{Quran|7|179}}|Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. '''These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse than cattle'''.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|62|5}}|The likeness of those who were charged with the Taurat, then they did not observe it, '''is as the likeness of the ass (donkey)''' bearing books, evil is the likeness of the people who reject the communications of Allah; and Allah does not guide the unjust people.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|2|171}}|And the parable of those who disbelieve is as the parable of one who calls out to that which hears no more than a call and a cry; '''deaf, dumb (and) blind, so they do not understand'''.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|5|60}}|Say, "Should I tell you who will receive the worst punishment from God? Those whom God has condemned, afflicted with His anger, '''made apes out of them, swine and worshippers of Satan''', will have the worst dwelling and will wander far away from the right path."}}{{Quote|{{Quran|7|176}}|And if We had pleased, We would certainly have exalted him thereby; but he clung to the earth and followed his low desire, so his parable is as the '''parable of the dog; if you attack him he lolls out his tongue; and if you leave him alone he lolls out his tongue'''; this is the parable of the people who reject Our communications;}}{{Quote|{{Quran|47|12}}|Surely Allah will make those who believe and do good enter gardens beneath which rivers flow; and those who disbelieve enjoy themselves and eat as the '''beasts''' eat, and the fire is their abode.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|74|51}}|What is then the matter with them (Kuffar), that they turn away from the admonition. '''As they were frightened donkeys'''.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|7|166}}|Therefore when they revoltingly persisted in what they had been forbidden, We said to them: '''Be apes, despised and hated'''.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|98|6}}|The disbelievers among the People of the Book and the pagans will dwell forever in hell; '''they are the worst of all creatures'''.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|2|99}}|We have sent down to you clear revelations: no one can deny them except the '''evil transgressors'''.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|9|28}}|O Believers, the pagans are '''filthy and unclean'''. Do not let them come near to the Sacred Mosque after this year.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|8|55}}|Surely the '''vilest of animals''' in Allah's sight are those who disbelieve}}{{Quote|{{Quran|2|142}}|'''The fools (pagans, hypocrites, and Jews)''' among the people will say, "What has turned them (Muslims) from their Qiblah [prayer direction (towards Jerusalem)] to which they were used to face in prayer." Say, (O Muhammad SAW) "To Allah belong both, east and the west. He guides whom He wills to a Straight Way."}}Many Islam apologists don't consider these words of cursing Non-Muslims and resembling them with animals in Quran to be an insult. Nevertheless, when these same words of cursing and resembling to animals are used for Muhammad, then it is considered an insult and blasphemy by them.  


{{Quote|1=[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jonah%202%3A6&version=NIV (Bible: John 2:6)]|2='''To the roots''' of the mountains I sank down; the earth beneath barred me in forever. But you, LORD my God, brought my life up from the pit.}}Thus, the critics point out that it could not be a miracle of Quran, but it recorded only an old concept.
==Insult of the opponents in Hadith==


==There are 2 Scientific mistakes in Quran regarding the creation of mountains==
=== (1) Abu Bakr saying to 'Urwa (Go and such the clitoris of your goddess al-Lat), and Muhammad making it the part of Shariah ===
Moreover, the critics claim that the writer of Quran made two scientific mistakes regarding the creation of mountains.  
There is a tradition in Sahih Bukhari, where Abu Bakr abused the 'Urwa (the ambassador of Meccans) by saying: "Go and such the clitoris of your godess al-Laat".
{{Quote|1=[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&ID=1731&bk_no=52&idfrom=4966&idto=4967 Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 2583]|2=فقال عروة عند ذلك أي محمد أرأيت إن استأصلت أمر قومك هل سمعت بأحد من العرب اجتاح أهله قبلك وإن تكن الأخرى فإني والله لأرى وجوها وإني لأرى أوشابا من الناس خليقا أن يفروا ويدعوك '''فقال له أبو بكر الصديق امصص ببظر اللات''' </br>
… Then ‘Urwa said, “O Muhammad! Won’t you feel any scruple in extirpating your relations? Have you ever heard of any one amongst the Arabs extirpating his relatives before you? On the other hand, if the reverse should happen, (nobody will aid you, for) by Allah, I do not see (with you) dignified people, but people from various tribes who would run away leaving you alone.”  Hearing that, Abu Bakr abused him by saying '''‘Go and suck the clitoris of your goddess al-Lat’ '''}}
According to this tradition, Abu Bakr abused 'Urwa in the presence of Muhammad and he didn't stop Abu Bakr from it. According to the Islamic Standards, if prophet Muhammad kept quiet upon any action, then it means that that action was permissible and becomes a part of Islamic Sharia. It is known as "Taqriri Hadith<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336374711_PROPHETIC_SUNNAH Tacitly Approved Sunah (Taqriri)]</ref>" in Islam.  
Imam Ibn Hajar al-Asqallani wrote:


==='''First Mistake''': Allah 'placed جعل' the Mountains 'from above '''من فوقها'''<nowiki/>' into the earth according to the Quran===
{{Quote|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171020134752/http://qandabenefits.com/1984/explanation-of-hadith-of-abu-bakr Hadith of Abu Bakr abusing 'Urwa]|In this, there is proof for the permissibility of uttering repugnant words upon a person as a rebuke who deserve these words because of what he have uttered ... (As the Prophet(Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) was silent on saying of Abu Bakr and didn’t rebuke him, it shows the permissibility of using these words when the situation demands)}}
According to the modern science, mountains are formed  when two plates tectonic collide with each other, and thus the mountains rise '''from within''' the earth. 


But the Quranic verse 41:10 claimed that Allah 'placed' the mountains 'from above' into the earth.  
'''Note:''' The two English translators of Sahih Bukhari (Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan and Aisha Bewley), both distorted the translation and they deleted the actual words of Abu Bakr in their English translations<ref>Distortion in English Translation of Sahih Bukhari, where Abu Bakr abused [https://web.archive.org/web/20220115134256/https://theislamissue.wordpress.com/2020/02/09/bukhari-translators-embarrassed-by-abu-bakrs-potty-mouth/ 'Urwa by telling "Go and suck the clitoris of your goddess al-Lat".]</ref>.  


وَ'''جَعَلَ''' فِيهَا رَوَٰسِىَ '''مِن فَوْقِهَا'''  
'Urwah said those words to Muhammad (i.e. he saw that Muslims would flee away leaving their prophet alone), while Muslims had already ran away in the battle of Uhud before, leaving Muhammad alone.


And He '''placed''' (Arabic: جعل) in it stabilisers (i.e. mountains) '''from above''' (Arabic: من فوقها).([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Quran Word by Word Translation by Quran Corpus])
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|153}}|[Remember] when you [fled and] climbed [the mountain] without looking aside at anyone while the Messenger was calling you from behind.}}


And He '''placed''' therein firmly-set mountains '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Word for Word Dr. Shehnaz Shaikh])
=== (2) May Allah KILL the Jews ===
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||2236|darussalam}}|عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ حَرَّمَ بَيْعَ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْتَةِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ وَالأَصْنَامِ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ شُحُومَ الْمَيْتَةِ فَإِنَّهَا يُطْلَى بِهَا السُّفُنُ، وَيُدْهَنُ بِهَا الْجُلُودُ، وَيَسْتَصْبِحُ بِهَا النَّاسُ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ، هُوَ حَرَامٌ ‏"‏‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ‏"‏ '''قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ'''، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا حَرَّمَ شُحُومَهَا جَمَلُوهُ ثُمَّ بَاعُوهُ فَأَكَلُوا ثَمَنَهُ ‏"‏‏.‏</br>Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah: I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), in the year of the Conquest of Mecca, saying, "Allah and His Apostle made illegal the trade of alcohol, dead animals, pigs and idols." The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! What about the fat of dead animals, for it was used for greasing the boats and the hides; and people use it for lights?" He said, "No, it is illegal." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) further said, '''"May Allah KILL/DESTROY the Jews''', for Allah made the fat (of animals) illegal for them, yet they melted the fat and sold it and ate its price."}}
And He made in it mountains '''above its surface.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Shakir])
'''Note''': The English translator of Sahih Bukhari, Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan again distorted the translation here<ref>English Translator of Sahih Bukhari distorted the Translation of Hadith where Muhammad wished that [https://web.archive.org/web/20201108003537/https://theislamissue.wordpress.com/2019/08/18/mass-distortion-in-bukharis-english-translation/ may Allah KILL/DESTROY the Jews.] </ref>.  
 
<br />
And He made on it firm mountains '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Dr. Laleh Bakhtiar])
==References:==
 
<references />
He has '''placed''' in it (the earth) firm mountains '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Abdul Hye])
 
And He '''placed''' therein firm mountains '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Dr. Kamal Omar])
 
And He made therein anchorages (i.e., mountains) '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Muhammad Mahmoud Ghali]):
 
And He '''placed''' on the earth firmly set mountains '''over its surface.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Sahih International])
 
And He '''placed''' in it stabilizers '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm The Monotheist Group])
 
And He made/put in it anchors/fixtures/mountains from above it. ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Muhammad Ahmed - Samira]) 
 
And in it He '''placed''' mountains as anchors '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Faridul Haque]) 
 
He '''placed''' therein (i.e. the earth) firm mountains '''from above it.''' ([https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/41/10/default.htm Mohsin Khan & Muhammad al-Hilali])
 
Similarly, verse 16:15 is also telling the same thing that Allah CASTE the mountains into the earth.
{{Quote|[https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/16/15/default.htm Quran 16:15]|وألقى في الأرض رواسي أن تميد بكم </br>
(Sahih International) And He has '''cast''' into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it shift with you,}}
The word 'he has cast' is ''alqa'' (lam-qaf-ya), which in this form (Arabic verb form IV) is frequently used elsewhere in the Quran to mean throw or cast. It is the same word as is used in [https://quranx.com/3.44 Quran 3:44] when lots are cast using pens (it would be easy to imagine that mountains were similarly scattered), and [https://quranx.com/12.10 Quran 12:10] when the prophet Yusuf is cast down into the well, and in [https://quranx.com/20.20 Quran 20:20] when Moses casts down his staff, which becomes a snake.
 
According to the modern science, mountains are not 'placed'/'cast' over earth's surface, but they are formed when two plates tectonics collide with each other (i.e. when earthquake takes place), then crust of one plate goes upwards and forms a mountain, while the crust of other plate goes downwards.
 
And then this process of colliding of plates tectonics (i.e. earthquakes) continues for millions of years, and with each collision mountains keep on rising high little by little. And when the plates tectonics start to move away from each other, then these high mountains start  to erode and after millions of years, they completely disappear.
 
For example, there existed no Mount Everest 250 million years ago. But then two plates tectonics collided with each other, and a small Mount Everest came into being due to that. Then it kept on gaining height with each collision of the plates tectonics. Today it is the highest mountain. It will keep on gaining even more height, but then a time will come, when it will start eroding and will disappear completely.
 
Moreover, there are other type of mountains too, which are formed when Lava comes out from inside the earth. When this lava cools down, it forms high and big mountains, which are known as [http://www.universetoday.com/29833/how-mountains-are-formed/ Volcanic Mountains].
==='''Second Mistake''': Allah had already made the mountains on the day of Sunday at time of the creation of the universe===
Quran claims that Allah had already created the mountains on the 2nd day of creation.
{{Quote|1=[https://quranx.com/41.9?context=4 Quran 41:9-11]|2=Say, "Do you indeed disbelieve in He who created '''the earth in two days''' and attribute to Him equals? That is the Lord of the worlds. '''And He placed on the earth firmly set mountains over its surface''', and He blessed it and determined therein its [creatures'] sustenance in (next) four days without distinction - for [the information] of those who ask. Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come [into being], willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We have come willingly."}}
And Hadith made it more clear that 2nd day of creation was Sunday, when the mountains were created by Allah. {{Quote|[http://sunnah.com/muslim/52/10 Sahih Muslim]|Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger took hold of my hands and said:
 
Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, created the clay on Saturday and He created the mountains on Sunday and He created the trees on Monday and He created the things entailing labour on Tuesday and created light on Wednesday and lie caused the animals to spread on Thursday and created Adam (peace be upon him) after 'Asr on Friday; the last creation at the last hour of the hours of Friday, i.e. between afternoon and night.}}
But according to the modern science<ref>[https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a34910714/why-mount-everest-and-swiss-alps-are-getting-taller/ Popular Mechanics]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mountains#:~:text=How%20Are%20Mountains%20Formed%3F,in%20a%20head-on%20collision. National Geographic]</ref>: 
 
*Mountains had not already been created on the 2nd day of creation of the heavens (universe) and the earth.
*But earth came into being 9 billion years after the heavens (universe).
*And the earth initially consisted of gases and molten surface only. It took billions of more years to come into solid form.
*And even after earth had already come into solid state, still it took billions of years more in the formation of plates tectonics and then mountains.
*And older mountains erode and disappear with time, and new mountains start forming.  
 
==== Islam advocates: The days of creation with Allah were different than days on the Earth and are of 'unspecified' period of time ====
Islam advocates claim<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201103111946/https://www.dar-alifta.org/Foreign/ViewFatwa.aspx?ID=8031]</ref>:
 
* The days of creation  with Allah are different than the earth.
* Thus those 6 days were of '''unspecified''' period of time.
* Allah didn't tell the length of that period, as humans are unable to '''comprehend''' it.
 
The Critics of Islam answer that claim of "unspecified time" is false, as the writer of the Quran  described the '''specified time''' in the following verses:
{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/22.47 Quran 22:47]|Yet they ask thee to hasten on the Punishment! But Allah will not fail in His Promise. '''Verily a Day in the sight of thy Lord is like a thousand years of YOUR RECKONING'''.}}{{Quote|[https://quranx.com/32.5 Quran 32:5]|He rules (all) affairs from the heavens to the earth: in the end will (all affairs) go up to Him,''' on a Day, the space whereof will be (as) a thousand years of YOUR RECKONING'''.}}
Thus Sahaba (i.e. companions) believed in it that one day of creation was equal to 1000 years of our reckoning.
 
Ibn Kathir writes under the commentary of this verse 22:47:
{{Quote|1=[https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=7&tSoraNo=22&tAyahNo=47&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=1 Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Verse Quran 22:47]|2=قال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا الحسن بن عرفة، حدثني عبدة بن سليمان عن محمد بن عمرو عن أبي سلمة عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " يدخل فقراء المسلمين الجنة قبل الأغنياء بنصف يوم خمسمائة عام " ورواه الترمذي والنسائي من حديث الثوري عن محمد بن عمرو به، وقال الترمذي حسن صحيح. وقد رواه ابن جرير عن أبي هريرة موقوفاً، فقال حدثني يعقوب، حدثنا ابن علية، حدثنا سعيد الجريري عن أبي نضرة عن سمير بن نهار قال قال أبو هريرة يدخل فقراء المسلمين الجنة قبل الأغنياء بمقدار نصف يوم، قلت وما مقدار نصف يوم؟ قال أو ما تقرأ القرآن؟ قلت بلى، قال { وَإِنَّ يَوْماً عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ }. وقال أبو داود في آخر كتاب الملاحم من سننه حدثنا عمرو بن عثمان، حدثنا أبو المغيرة، حدثنا صفوان عن شريح بن عبيد عن سعد بن أبي وقاص عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال " إني لأرجو أن لا تعجز أمتي عند ربها أن يؤخرهم نصف يوم " قيل لسعد وما نصف يوم؟ قال خمسمائة سنة. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا أحمد بن سنان، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي عن إسرائيل عن سماك، عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس { وَإِنَّ يَوْماً عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ } قال من الأيام التي خلق الله فيها السموات والأرض. ورواه ابن جرير عن ابن بشار عن ابن المهدي، وبه قال مجاهد وعكرمة، ونص عليه أحمد بن حنبل في كتاب الرد على الجهمية، وقال مجاهد هذه الآية كقوله{ يُدَبِّرُ ٱلاَْمْرَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ إِلَى ٱلاَْرْضِ ثُمَّ يَعْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ فِى يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ } السجدة 5.
 
 
Rasool Allah told that the poor people will enter in the paradise half a day before the rich people, '''means 500 years before the rich people (while whole day is equal to 1000 years of people's reckoning)'''. al-Tirmidhi and al-Nisai etc recorded it and al-Tirmidhi said that this tradition is 'Hasan Sahih' (i.e. authentic according to al-Tirmidhi). In another tradition, it was asked from Abu Hurayrah, '''how long is this half day'''? He replied: "Didn't you read Quran?" I said: "Yes." '''Upon that he recited me verse 22:47''' ... Companion S'ad was asked: "'''How long is this half day'''." He replied: "'''500 years'''". Ibn Abbas recited this verse and said that '''this is the length of those 6 days, in which Allah created the heavens and the earth''' (Ibn Jarir). While Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal described it in more clear words in his book "Refutation of al-Jahmia". Mujjahid said that this verse is similar to verse  5 of Surah al-Sajdah [(Quran 32:5) He rules (all) affairs from the heavens to the earth: in the end will (all affairs) go up to Him, '''on a Day, the space whereof will be (as) a thousand years of your reckoning.''']}}
But modern science told us that creation of universe took billions of years. Therefore, even if we consider 1 day of Allah is equal to 1000 years of our reckoning, still 6 days make only 6000 years of creation, which stays contradictory the modern science.<br /><references />

Latest revision as of 14:24, 15 January 2022

Title: Blasphemy laws and the insult of Non-Muslims in Quran and Hadith

Those among Muslims, who support the blasphemy laws, brings the argument that blasphemy laws are necessary against insulting prophet Muhammad while it hurts the feeling of billions of Muslims and bring emotional harm to them[1].

While critics bring the counter arguments why freedom to criticise, critique and mock religion is in accordance with the human nature, and has been fundamental to human progress[2][3]. They point out, even Quran and Hadith themselves contain insult and blasphemy against the Non-Muslims.

Perspective of the Supporters of Blasphemy law

In many Islamic countries, insulting Islam or prophet Muhammad is already a crime with punishments, including killing[4]. There is a campaign now to make it also a criminal offence in the western secular world too. Their arguments are as under:

(1) Insulting Muhammad causes unbearable emotional harm to those who love him

UK Parliament Naz Shah urged to criminalise all acts that insult Prophet Muhammad:

“It is because Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the leader for two billion Muslims who commemorate Him in their hearts, honour Him in their lives ... But when bigots and racist defame, slander or abuse our Prophet (PBUH), ... the emotional harm caused upon our hearts is unbearable”
UK Parliament urged to criminalise all acts insulting to Prophet Muhammad

(2) Negative comment on Muhammad should be a considered a criminal offense like Holocaust

It is a criminal offence in some European countries to make a negative comment about Holocaust[5]. Prime Minister Imran Khan of Pakistan arguments that negative comment on Muhammad should also be considered a criminal offence like Holocaust.

My message to extremists abroad who indulge in Islamophobia & racist slurs to hurt & cause pain to 1.3 bn Muslims across the globe: We Muslims have the greatest love & respect for our Prophet PBUH who lives in our hearts. We cannot tolerate any such disrespect & abuse.
I call on Western govts who have outlawed any negative comment on the holocaust to use the same standards to penalise those deliberately spreading their message of hate against Muslims by abusing our Prophet.
Pakistan PM calls for West to criminalise blasphemy against Islam

Perspective of the Critics of Blasphemy law

There is a campaign for repealing the blasphemy laws[6], under which many Western countries have already abolished the blasphemy laws completely in the recent times. According to the critics of blasphemy law:

(1) Punishment of an "Oral" Insult could not be any "Physical" Punishment: If 1.5 billion Muslims are hurt from the oral insult of prophet, then the Secular Western Laws also allow these 1.5 billion Muslims to orally insult that person and hurt his feelings too in the reply. And if oral insult has any influence, then that person would surely die due the curses and insults of these 1.5 Billion Muslims. If someone is cursing you, then the western laws allow you too to curse him back orally, but they don't allow you become physical.

(2) Where there is “Preaching”, there is also “Criticism”: Both preaching and criticism go hand in hand in the western secular law. Everyone is allowed to preach his religion/ideology, but then other is also fully allowed to differ and criticise. Western Secular laws provide with full freedom to preach your religion/ideology, which comes under the right of Freedom of Religion. At the same time, they also provide full freedom to criticise any religion/ideology under the right of Freedom of Expression
(3) Where there is “Praise”, there is also “Insult”: Muslims consider Muhammad to be the best of mankind. Thus they could highly "praise" Muhammad. While the Non-Muslims believe Muhammad to be a wrong-doer (who made false drama of prophethood and thus millions of people died due to it). And they are hurt and feel emotional harmed when such a wrong-doer (in their opinion) is "praised". Nevertheless, the western secular system fully allows Muslims to praise Muhammad as much as they want, while the Non-Muslims could not stop them from praising Muhammad, and they have to bear this praise in name of Freedom of Expression and move on. Similarly, even if Muslims claim they are hurt when someone insults Muhammad, still they could not stop non-Muslims from orally insulting Muhammad. They have to bear this insult and move on.

(4) Human Nature: It is normal according to the human nature that people may become angry during the discussions & debates due to the difference of opinions and use harsh words in anger for the opponent. And the western law is thus based upon this exact human nature. Even the writer of Quran showed this exact human nature. When the opponent's didn't accept the prophethood of Muhammad, then the writer of Quran became angry and then he started cursing them several times in Quran, and insulting them by equating them to the Donkey, Dogs and the worst of animals and the worst of creatures, and for being filthy, and calling them names (like Abu Jahl) and “bastard” (Arabic: زنیم) and fools and deaf and blind and Kafir.
atheism-vs-islam.com

 Quranic Verses which are insulting the opponents

Islam critics point out that the following Quranic Verses are insulting the opponents.

Heed not the type of despicable men,- ready with oaths, A slanderer, going about with calumnies, (Habitually) hindering (all) good, transgressing beyond bounds, deep in sin, Violent (and cruel),- with all that, base-born (bastard),-
Quran 68:10-13
May the hands of Abu Lahab perish! May he too perish!
Quran 111:1
Allah's curse is on (all) the unbelievers.
Quran 2:89
Surely (all) those who disbelieve and die while they are disbelievers, these it is on whom is the curse of Allah and the angels and men all;
Quran 2:161
Already have We urged unto hell many of the jinn and humankind, having hearts wherewith they understand not, and having eyes wherewith they see not, and having ears wherewith they hear not. These are as the cattle - nay, but they are worse than cattle.
Quran 7:179
The likeness of those who were charged with the Taurat, then they did not observe it, is as the likeness of the ass (donkey) bearing books, evil is the likeness of the people who reject the communications of Allah; and Allah does not guide the unjust people.
Quran 62:5
And the parable of those who disbelieve is as the parable of one who calls out to that which hears no more than a call and a cry; deaf, dumb (and) blind, so they do not understand.
Quran 2:171
Say, "Should I tell you who will receive the worst punishment from God? Those whom God has condemned, afflicted with His anger, made apes out of them, swine and worshippers of Satan, will have the worst dwelling and will wander far away from the right path."
Quran 5:60
And if We had pleased, We would certainly have exalted him thereby; but he clung to the earth and followed his low desire, so his parable is as the parable of the dog; if you attack him he lolls out his tongue; and if you leave him alone he lolls out his tongue; this is the parable of the people who reject Our communications;
Quran 7:176
Surely Allah will make those who believe and do good enter gardens beneath which rivers flow; and those who disbelieve enjoy themselves and eat as the beasts eat, and the fire is their abode.
Quran 47:12
What is then the matter with them (Kuffar), that they turn away from the admonition. As they were frightened donkeys.
Quran 74:51
Therefore when they revoltingly persisted in what they had been forbidden, We said to them: Be apes, despised and hated.
Quran 7:166
The disbelievers among the People of the Book and the pagans will dwell forever in hell; they are the worst of all creatures.
Quran 98:6
We have sent down to you clear revelations: no one can deny them except the evil transgressors.
Quran 2:99
O Believers, the pagans are filthy and unclean. Do not let them come near to the Sacred Mosque after this year.
Quran 9:28
Surely the vilest of animals in Allah's sight are those who disbelieve
Quran 8:55
The fools (pagans, hypocrites, and Jews) among the people will say, "What has turned them (Muslims) from their Qiblah [prayer direction (towards Jerusalem)] to which they were used to face in prayer." Say, (O Muhammad SAW) "To Allah belong both, east and the west. He guides whom He wills to a Straight Way."
Quran 2:142

Many Islam apologists don't consider these words of cursing Non-Muslims and resembling them with animals in Quran to be an insult. Nevertheless, when these same words of cursing and resembling to animals are used for Muhammad, then it is considered an insult and blasphemy by them.

Insult of the opponents in Hadith

(1) Abu Bakr saying to 'Urwa (Go and such the clitoris of your goddess al-Lat), and Muhammad making it the part of Shariah

There is a tradition in Sahih Bukhari, where Abu Bakr abused the 'Urwa (the ambassador of Meccans) by saying: "Go and such the clitoris of your godess al-Laat".

فقال عروة عند ذلك أي محمد أرأيت إن استأصلت أمر قومك هل سمعت بأحد من العرب اجتاح أهله قبلك وإن تكن الأخرى فإني والله لأرى وجوها وإني لأرى أوشابا من الناس خليقا أن يفروا ويدعوك فقال له أبو بكر الصديق امصص ببظر اللات
… Then ‘Urwa said, “O Muhammad! Won’t you feel any scruple in extirpating your relations? Have you ever heard of any one amongst the Arabs extirpating his relatives before you? On the other hand, if the reverse should happen, (nobody will aid you, for) by Allah, I do not see (with you) dignified people, but people from various tribes who would run away leaving you alone.” Hearing that, Abu Bakr abused him by saying ‘Go and suck the clitoris of your goddess al-Lat’
Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 2583

According to this tradition, Abu Bakr abused 'Urwa in the presence of Muhammad and he didn't stop Abu Bakr from it. According to the Islamic Standards, if prophet Muhammad kept quiet upon any action, then it means that that action was permissible and becomes a part of Islamic Sharia. It is known as "Taqriri Hadith[7]" in Islam. Imam Ibn Hajar al-Asqallani wrote:

In this, there is proof for the permissibility of uttering repugnant words upon a person as a rebuke who deserve these words because of what he have uttered ... (As the Prophet(Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) was silent on saying of Abu Bakr and didn’t rebuke him, it shows the permissibility of using these words when the situation demands)
Hadith of Abu Bakr abusing 'Urwa

Note: The two English translators of Sahih Bukhari (Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan and Aisha Bewley), both distorted the translation and they deleted the actual words of Abu Bakr in their English translations[8].

'Urwah said those words to Muhammad (i.e. he saw that Muslims would flee away leaving their prophet alone), while Muslims had already ran away in the battle of Uhud before, leaving Muhammad alone.

[Remember] when you [fled and] climbed [the mountain] without looking aside at anyone while the Messenger was calling you from behind.
Quran 3:153

(2) May Allah KILL the Jews

عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ حَرَّمَ بَيْعَ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْتَةِ وَالْخِنْزِيرِ وَالأَصْنَامِ ‏"‏‏.‏ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ شُحُومَ الْمَيْتَةِ فَإِنَّهَا يُطْلَى بِهَا السُّفُنُ، وَيُدْهَنُ بِهَا الْجُلُودُ، وَيَسْتَصْبِحُ بِهَا النَّاسُ‏.‏ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ لاَ، هُوَ حَرَامٌ ‏"‏‏.‏ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ‏"‏ قَاتَلَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا حَرَّمَ شُحُومَهَا جَمَلُوهُ ثُمَّ بَاعُوهُ فَأَكَلُوا ثَمَنَهُ ‏"‏‏.‏
Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah: I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), in the year of the Conquest of Mecca, saying, "Allah and His Apostle made illegal the trade of alcohol, dead animals, pigs and idols." The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! What about the fat of dead animals, for it was used for greasing the boats and the hides; and people use it for lights?" He said, "No, it is illegal." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) further said, "May Allah KILL/DESTROY the Jews, for Allah made the fat (of animals) illegal for them, yet they melted the fat and sold it and ate its price."
Sahih Bukhari 2236 (Dar-us-Salam Ref)

Note: The English translator of Sahih Bukhari, Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan again distorted the translation here[9].

References:

  1. ↑ UK Parliament urged to criminalise all acts insulting to Prophet Muhammad
  2. ↑ Why mocking religion is necessary for human progress! Secularism.Org.
  3. ↑ Reasons why criticizing and even hating and insulting Muhammad is fully justified
  4. ↑ Punishment of insulting Islam/Muhammad in the Islamic Countries
  5. ↑ EU: Holocaust denial in criminal law
  6. ↑ Campaign for repealing the Blasphemy Laws
  7. ↑ Tacitly Approved Sunah (Taqriri)
  8. ↑ Distortion in English Translation of Sahih Bukhari, where Abu Bakr abused 'Urwa by telling "Go and suck the clitoris of your goddess al-Lat".
  9. ↑ English Translator of Sahih Bukhari distorted the Translation of Hadith where Muhammad wished that may Allah KILL/DESTROY the Jews.
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