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Historical Attestation of Muhammad: Difference between revisions
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Historical Attestation of Muhammad (view source)
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==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
The following timeline gives a brief summary of when key artifacts and literary documents, concerning the life of Muhammad and the Qur'an, were first created. | |||
* 622 Hijrah? | * 622 Hijrah? | ||
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* ~636 [[#Syriac Gospel Fragment|Syriac Gospel Fragment]] : " killing of {the Arabs of} Muhammad (Muhmd)" | * ~636 [[#Syriac Gospel Fragment|Syriac Gospel Fragment]] : " killing of {the Arabs of} Muhammad (Muhmd)" | ||
* 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem | * 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem | ||
* ~639 [[#Sophronius|Sophronius]] : Saracen conquests | * ~639 [[#Sophronius|Sophronius]] : "Saracen conquests" | ||
* ~640 [[#Thomas the Presbyter|Thomas the Presbyter]] : "the Arabs of Muhammad (tayyaye d-Mhmt)" | * ~640 [[#Thomas the Presbyter|Thomas the Presbyter]] : "the Arabs of Muhammad (tayyaye d-Mhmt)" | ||
* 656 First Islamic Civil War- First Fitna. End 661. | * 656 First Islamic Civil War- First Fitna. End 661. | ||
* ~660's [[#Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis|Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis]] : "Mahmet" | * ~660's [[#Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis|Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis]] : Mentions "Mahmet", gives sparse details of his life | ||
* 690's [[#John, Bishop of Nikiu|John, Bishop of Nikiu]] : "Moslem" | * 690's [[#John, Bishop of Nikiu|John, Bishop of Nikiu]] : Uses the term "Moslem" and "Mohammed" | ||
* 691 [[#Arab-Sassanian coins|Arab-Sassanian coin]] : "Muhammad | * 691 [[#Arab-Sassanian coins|Arab-Sassanian coin]] : "Muhammad Rasul Allah" | ||
* 692 [[#Dome of the Rock Inscription|Dome of the Rock Inscription]] : "Muhammad" & "Jesus", Qur'anic verses | * 692 [[#Dome of the Rock Inscription|Dome of the Rock Inscription]] : "Muhammad" & "Jesus son of Mary", Qur'anic verses | ||
* 696 [[#Reformed Coinage|Reformed Coinage]] : "Muhammad" | * 696 [[#Reformed Coinage|Reformed Coinage]] : "Muhammad" | ||
* 761 [[#Ibn Ishaq|Ibn Ishaq]] - | * 761 [[#Ibn Ishaq|Ibn Ishaq]] : Siratu Rasul Allah - first biography. Not extant. | ||
* 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia : Quran - first mention | * 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia : Quran - first mention as generic "book" | ||
* 810 Tombstone, Egypt : Quran - first explicit reference | * 810 Tombstone, Egypt : Quran - first explicit reference | ||
* 826 [[#Hadth|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] : Begins Hadith collection. d 870. | * 826 [[#Hadth|Muhammad al-Bukhari]] : Begins Hadith collection. d 870. | ||
* 840 [[#Ibn Hisham|Ibn Hisham]] - | * 840 [[#Ibn Hisham|Ibn Hisham]] - Quotes from Ibn Ishaq's work | ||
* 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus | * 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus | ||
* 876 Earliest Qur'an Manuscript Fragment - (no later than this date) | * 876 Earliest Qur'an Manuscript Fragment - (no later than this date) | ||