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-'''Fard''' (الفرض‎) is an [[Islam|Islamic]] term meaning ''Compulsory''. It refers to religious duties incumbent upon all Muslims, of which there are two types:
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+'''Fard''' (الفرض‎), mostly synonymous with ''wajib'', is a term of [[Islamic law]] meaning ''compulsory''. It is one of the five rulings (or ''[[Fiqh#Ahkam|ahkam]]'') that [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] applies to any action a person can take.
-*''Individual duty'' (لواجب الع fard al-ayn)
+==Types of fard==
+Fard refers to religious duties incumbent upon all Muslims, of which there are two types:
-Meaning something all individual Muslims must perform.
+*Individual duty (الواجب العين, or ''fard al-ayn''), which all Muslims are obligated to perform
-*''Sufficiency duty'' (الواجب الكفائي fard al-kifaya)
+*Sufficiency duty (الواجب الكفائي, or ''fard al-kifaya''), a collective duty for believers that may not require each individual Muslim to perform; this type of duty is fulfilled so long as ''someone'' in the local community of Muslims is doing it
-Meaning something that is a collective duty among the body of believers, but may not require each individual Muslim to perform.
+===Fard vs. wajib===
+Hanafi fiqh differentiates between ''fard'', as "that which is obligatory," and ''wajib,'' as "that which is necessary." An example of ''wajib'' is the performance of ritual [[ablution]], or ''wudu'', prior to performing daily [[Salah|prayers]], which are themselves ''fard''. In this example, it is simply necessary that a person perform ''wudu'' in order to complete their prayers, which are themselves obligatory, but performing ''wudu'' is not itself an obligation; in other words, a person is not required to make ''wudu'' at any point in the day.
+==Examples==
+The most notable examples of ''fard'' actions in Islam are the [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]], which include stating the [[Shahadah]] (the Islamic testimony of faith), praying [[Salah]], completing the [[Hajj]], [[fasting]] during [[Ramadan]], and giving [[Zakat]].
 ==See Also==
 *[[Five Pillars of Islam]]
-*[[Jihad is Compulsory (Fard)]]
+*[[Fiqh]]
+*[[Jihad as Obligation (Fard)]]
-[[Category:Stubs]]
+[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]]
-[[Category:Terms and Definitions]]
+[[Category:Fiqh (legal theory)]]
-[[Category:Islamic Law]]
+[[Category:Ritual]]