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'''Abu Lahab ibn 'Abdul Muttalib''' (أبو لهب) was a half paternal uncle of [[Muhammad]], a leader of the Quraysh, and a staunch critic of [[Islam]]. He is one of the few Arabs to be mentioned by name in the [[Qur'an]], who were alive during Muhammad's [[revelation]]s. | '''Abu Lahab ibn 'Abdul Muttalib''' (أبو لهب) was a half paternal uncle of [[Muhammad]], a leader of the Quraysh, and a staunch critic of [[Islam]]. He is one of the few Arabs to be mentioned by name in the [[Qur'an]], who were alive during Muhammad's [[revelation]]s. | ||
== In the Qur'an == | ==In the Qur'an== | ||
The 111st chapter of the Qur'an is titled | The 111st chapter of the Qur'an is variously titled ''Masad'' and ''Lahab'', and is entirely about the fiery fate of Abu Lahab and his wife. | ||
{{Quote|1={{Quran|111|1-5}}|2=The power of Abu Lahab will perish, and he will perish. | {{Quote|1={{Quran|111|1-5}}|2=The power of Abu Lahab will perish, and he will perish. | ||
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Will have upon her neck a halter of palm-fibre.}} | Will have upon her neck a halter of palm-fibre.}} | ||
The [[Hadith]] provide historical context for the revelation of Surah 111: | The following [[Hadith]] provide historical context for the revelation of Surah 111: | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|6|60|293}}, see also {{Bukhari|2|23|477}}, {{Bukhari|6|60|325}}, {{Bukhari|6|60|495-497}}, & {{Muslim|1|406}}|2=Narrated Ibn Abbas: When the Verse:--'And warn your tribe of near-kindred, was revealed, the Prophet ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani 'Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraish till they were assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people from Quraish came and the Prophet then said, "Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment." Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was revealed: "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab (one of the Prophet's uncles), and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit him...." (111.1-5)}} | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|6|60|293}}, see also {{Bukhari|2|23|477}}, {{Bukhari|6|60|325}}, {{Bukhari|6|60|495-497}}, & {{Muslim|1|406}}|2=Narrated Ibn Abbas: When the Verse:--'And warn your tribe of near-kindred, was revealed, the Prophet ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani 'Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraish till they were assembled. Those who could not come themselves, sent their messengers to see what was there. Abu Lahab and other people from Quraish came and the Prophet then said, "Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?" They said, "Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment." Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was revealed: "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab (one of the Prophet's uncles), and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit him...." (111.1-5)}} | ||
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Abu Lahab's wife '''Umm Jamil bint Harb''' (أم جميل بنت حرب) finds mention in the following narration: | Abu Lahab's wife '''Umm Jamil bint Harb''' (أم جميل بنت حرب) finds mention in the following narration: | ||
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|6|60|475}}, see also {{Bukhari|6|61|506}}|2=Narrated Jundub bin Sufyan: Once Allah's Apostle became sick and could not offer his night prayer (Tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then a lady (the wife of Abu Lahab) came and said, "O Muhammad! I think that your Satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!" On that Allah revealed: 'By the fore-noon, and by the night when it darkens, your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither forsaken you, nor hated you.' (93.1-3)}} | {{Quote|1={{Bukhari|6|60|475}}, see also {{Bukhari|6|61|506}}|2=Narrated Jundub bin Sufyan: Once Allah's Apostle became sick and could not offer his night prayer (Tahajjud) for two or three nights. Then a lady (the wife of Abu Lahab) came and said, "O Muhammad! I think that your Satan has forsaken you, for I have not seen him with you for two or three nights!" On that Allah revealed: 'By the fore-noon, and by the night when it darkens, your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither forsaken you, nor hated you.' (93.1-3)}}Abu Lahab's daughter '''Durrah''' and son '''<nowiki/>'Utbah''' both converted to Islam. | ||
== | 'Utbah married Muhammad's daughter Ruqayyah, and '''Utaibah''', another one of Abu Lahab's sons, married Muhammad's daughter Umm Kulthum. However, neither marriage was consummated.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 25.</ref> Abu Lahab's daughter Durrah married Muhammad's adopted son Zaid ibn Haritha, though this marriage ended in divorce.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr'' p. 32. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref> It is not known when this divorce occurred, but Durrah later married Ḥārith ibn Naufal of Banu Hāshim and, when he died, married she married Dihya ibn Khalifa.<ref>Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 8 p. 37.</ref> | ||
Abu Lahab is also noted for having freed Muhammad's wet nurse, who had previously been | |||
==Freeing his slave girl Thuwayba, Muhammad's wet-nurse== | |||
Abu Lahab is also noted for having freed Muhammad's wet-nurse, who had previously been Abu Lahab's slave: | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|64|285}}|Narrated Um Habiba: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|64|285}}|Narrated Um Habiba: | ||