Zunar (Islamic Yellow-Badge Practices): Difference between revisions

=== Stamping the necks of dhimmis who paid the Jizyah ===

{{Quote|{{citation|title=Economic Functions of an Islamic State: The Early Experience|author=S. M. Hasanuz Zaman|publisher=The Islamic Foundation|year=1991|pages=214-215|ISBN=0860372022|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40360540-economic-functions-of-an-islamic-state|edition=Revised ed.}}|In order to manage the affairs of the land, '''Caliph 'Umar''', first had experienced persons survey it and then conduct a census of the population which was also to be subjected to poll-tax [defined by the author as Jizyah]. It is not known how large a team of assistants they took with them because a survey of the whole province could not be undertaken by only one or two men in a reasonable time. Residential areas and houses were excluded from survey. Similarly the undergrowth, area covered under water, or the area inaccessible to water, and mounds (''tala'') were also excluded. Thus the total area of surveyed land was reportedly 36 million ''jarib'' or 125 ''farsakh'' in length and 80 ''farsakh'' in breadth or 10,000 square ''farsakh''. '''In order that people should not evade poll-tax [defined by the author as Jizyah] by pretending to have been counted, a seal was fixed on their necks after they had been counted. A man without a seal was declared to be unprotected [i.e. they would have no civil rights or protections]. Thus about 550,000 persons were dealt with in this way.'''}}