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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation: Difference between revisions
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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation (view source)
Revision as of 08:53, 15 March 2021
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===One Who Circumcises Other Ladies=== | ===One Who Circumcises Other Ladies=== | ||
{{Quote|Bukhari 64:17|“[…] I went out with the people for the battle. When the army aligned for the fight, Siba’ came out and said, ‘Is there any (Muslim) to accept my challenge to a duel?’ Hamza bin `Abdul Muttalib came out and said, ‘O Siba’. O Ibn Um Anmar, the one who circumcises other ladies! Do you challenge Allah and His Apostle?’ […]”}} | {{Quote|Bukhari 64:17|“[…] I went out with the people for the battle. When the army aligned for the fight, Siba’ came out and said, ‘Is there any (Muslim) to accept my challenge to a duel?’ Hamza bin `Abdul Muttalib came out and said, ‘O Siba’. O Ibn Um Anmar, '''the one who circumcises other ladies!''' Do you challenge Allah and His Apostle?’ […]”}} | ||
This hadith includes an exchange of insults prior to the [[Battle of Uhud|battle of Uhud]]. Hamza, a companion of Muhammad, taunts Siba', a warrior from Muhammad's native tribe - the Meccan Banu Quraysh. Hamza compares Siba' to a notorious 'circumciser' of girls - Ibn Um Anmar. Hamza uses the phrase '''muqteh al-basr‘'' – ‘one who cuts clitorises' - rather than the usual ''khitan''. | This hadith includes an exchange of insults prior to the [[Battle of Uhud|battle of Uhud]]. Hamza, a companion of Muhammad, taunts Siba', a warrior from Muhammad's native tribe - the Meccan Banu Quraysh. Hamza compares Siba' to a notorious 'circumciser' of girls - Ibn Um Anmar. Hamza uses the phrase '''muqteh al-basr‘'' – ‘one who cuts clitorises' - rather than the usual ''khitan''. | ||
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The following two hadiths come from Al-Adab Al-Mufrad. This is a collection of hadith about the manners of Muhammad and his companions, compiled by the Islamic scholar [[al-Bukhari]]. It contains 1,322 hadiths, most of which focus on Muhammad's companions rather than Muhammad himself. Al-Bukhari's evaluation of the hadiths within ''al-Adab al-Mufrad'' was not as rigorous as for his best-known collection - ''[[Al-Jami' al-Sahih|al-Jami' al-Sahih]]''. However, scholars have ruled most of the hadith in the collection s as being ''sahih'' (authentic) or ''hasan'' (sound). | The following two hadiths come from Al-Adab Al-Mufrad. This is a collection of hadith about the manners of Muhammad and his companions, compiled by the Islamic scholar [[al-Bukhari]]. It contains 1,322 hadiths, most of which focus on Muhammad's companions rather than Muhammad himself. Al-Bukhari's evaluation of the hadiths within ''al-Adab al-Mufrad'' was not as rigorous as for his best-known collection - ''[[Al-Jami' al-Sahih|al-Jami' al-Sahih]]''. However, scholars have ruled most of the hadith in the collection s as being ''sahih'' (authentic) or ''hasan'' (sound). | ||
===Someone to Amuse Them=== | ===Someone to Amuse Them=== | ||
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 53:1247|“Umm ‘Alqama related that when the daughters of ‘A’isha’s brother were circumcised, ‘A’isha was asked, “Shall we call someone to amuse them?” “Yes,” she replied. ‘Adi was sent for and he came to them. ‘A’isha passed by the room and saw him singing and shaking his head in rapture – and he had a large head of hair. ‘Uff!’ she exclaimed, ‘A shaytan! Get him out! Get him out!'””}}The word used for 'circumcised' uses the root ''khitan.'' | {{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 53:1247|“Umm ‘Alqama related that when '''the daughters of ‘A’isha’s brother were circumcised''', ‘A’isha was asked, “Shall we call someone to amuse them?” “Yes,” she replied. ‘Adi was sent for and he came to them. ‘A’isha passed by the room and saw him singing and shaking his head in rapture – and he had a large head of hair. ‘Uff!’ she exclaimed, ‘A shaytan! Get him out! Get him out!'””}}The word used for 'circumcised' uses the root ''khitan.'' | ||
===Go and Circumcise Them and Purify Them=== | ===Go and Circumcise Them and Purify Them=== | ||
{{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 53:1245|An old woman from Kufa, the grandmother of 'Ali ibn Ghurab, reported that Umm al-Muhajir said, "I was captured with some girls from Byzantium. 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. 'Uthman said, 'Go and circumcise them and purify them.'"}} | {{Quote|Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 53:1245|An old woman from Kufa, the grandmother of 'Ali ibn Ghurab, reported that Umm al-Muhajir said, "I was captured with some girls from Byzantium. 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. 'Uthman said, ''''Go and circumcise them and purify them'''.'"}} | ||
Note that in this hadith [[Uthman ibn Affan|Uthman]], one of Muhammad's closest companions, appears to be treating 'circumcision' as part of the initiation ritual for females newly-converted to Islam. The word used for 'circumcise' in this hadith is ''khaffad'', not ''khitan''. ''Khaffad'' translates as 'trim them' or 'reduce them'. | Note that in this hadith [[Uthman ibn Affan|Uthman]], one of Muhammad's closest companions, appears to be treating 'circumcision' as part of the initiation ritual for females newly-converted to Islam. The word used for 'circumcise' in this hadith is ''khaffad'', not ''khitan''. ''Khaffad'' translates as 'trim them' or 'reduce them'. | ||
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However, the following Quranic verse requires Muslims to ''<nowiki/>'adhere to the fitrah'''. This is the word's only appearance in the Qur'an, and it is left unexplained. To know what ''fitrah'' means we must turn to the hadith. | However, the following Quranic verse requires Muslims to ''<nowiki/>'adhere to the fitrah'''. This is the word's only appearance in the Qur'an, and it is left unexplained. To know what ''fitrah'' means we must turn to the hadith. | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|30|30}}|So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. [Adhere to] the fitrah (فطرة or فطرت) of Allah upon which He has created (فطر) [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of Allah . That is the correct religion, but most of the people do not know.}}Several hadith use the word 'fitrah'. The hadith which gives the clearest explanation is the one mentioned above ('The fitrah is five things, including circumcision'), which uses the Arabic word ''khitan'' for 'circumcision'. The other hadith above demonstrate that '<nowiki/>''khitan''' originally referred to Female Genital Mutilation as well as (male) circumcision. | {{Quote|{{Quran|30|30}}|So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. '''[Adhere to] the fitrah''' (فطرة or فطرت) of Allah upon which He has created (فطر) [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of Allah . That is the correct religion, but most of the people do not know.}}Several hadith use the word 'fitrah'. The hadith which gives the clearest explanation is the one mentioned above ('The fitrah is five things, including circumcision'), which uses the Arabic word ''khitan'' for 'circumcision'. The other hadith above demonstrate that '<nowiki/>''khitan''' originally referred to Female Genital Mutilation as well as (male) circumcision. | ||
Thus, in requiring Muslims to ''<nowiki/>'adhere to the fitrah''' the Qur'an indirectly advocates FGM. | Thus, in requiring Muslims to ''<nowiki/>'adhere to the fitrah''' the Qur'an indirectly advocates FGM. | ||