Jihad as Obligation (Fard): Difference between revisions

"[[Fard]]" means ''Compulsory''. [[Jihad]] is an ''Individual duty'' (فرض العين  fard al-'ayn) for each and every Muslim or a community responsibility, or ''sufficiency duty'' (فرض الكفائي‎ fard al-kifaya) that could be fulfilled by a group within the community without involving everyone. Scholarly discussions regarding the two views involved in particular the verses {{Quran|2|216}} and {{Quran|9|122}}.<ref>Reuven Firestone, ''Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam'', New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 60-61</ref> While modern voices differentiate between a ''personal'' or greater Jihad and a military or lesser Jihad, such a dichotomy is not found in classical and especially early Islamic literature, and finds no endorsement in Islamic scripture, which refers to Jihad overwhelmingly, and some argue exclusively, as a doctrine of military conquest, with the reference to internal struggle being a metaphorical usage.