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→The Caliphate of Muaawiya
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When Muaawiya beheaded one of Ali’s partisans, Aisha told him that he should have shown more forbearance<ref>{{Tabari|18|p. 127}}.</ref> and she suffered no penalty for voicing this criticism. In 671 Aisha’s brother Abdulrahman refused to take the oath of allegiance to Muaawiya’s son Yazid as the future successor.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti pp. 199, 207.</ref> Marwan, Governor of Medina,<ref>That is, Marwan ibn Al-Hakam, the future Caliph Marwan I.</ref> ordered his arrest. Abdulrahman went straight to Aisha’s house, “and they were not able to capture him,”<ref>{{Bukhari|6|60|352}}; [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2041&Itemid=102/ Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir'' on Q46:17.]</ref> for unlike Umar 27 years earlier, Marwan did not dare enter behind the curtain of the Mother of the Faithful. He announced from the outside, “Abdulrahman is the man about whom Allah revealed the verse, ‘The man who says to his parents, “Fie on you!”…’” ({{Quran|46|17}}). From behind the curtain, Aisha’s voice contradicted, “Marwan is lying! Allah never revealed any part of the Qur’an about any member of Abu Bakr’s family except ''me''! But Allah’s Apostle cursed Marwan’s father before Marwan was born, so Marwan is full of Allah’s curse.”<ref>{{Bukhari|6|60|352}}; [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2041&Itemid=102/ Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir'' on Q46:17.]; Jarrett/Suyuti p. 207.</ref> The strictures of the Veil had saved Aisha’s brother for the time being. Fortunately for Abdulrahman, Muaawiya soon afterwards re-assessed the political situation and decided not to press the point.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti p. 200.</ref> | When Muaawiya beheaded one of Ali’s partisans, Aisha told him that he should have shown more forbearance<ref>{{Tabari|18|p. 127}}.</ref> and she suffered no penalty for voicing this criticism. In 671 Aisha’s brother Abdulrahman refused to take the oath of allegiance to Muaawiya’s son Yazid as the future successor.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti pp. 199, 207.</ref> Marwan, Governor of Medina,<ref>That is, Marwan ibn Al-Hakam, the future Caliph Marwan I.</ref> ordered his arrest. Abdulrahman went straight to Aisha’s house, “and they were not able to capture him,”<ref>{{Bukhari|6|60|352}}; [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2041&Itemid=102/ Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir'' on Q46:17.]</ref> for unlike Umar 27 years earlier, Marwan did not dare enter behind the curtain of the Mother of the Faithful. He announced from the outside, “Abdulrahman is the man about whom Allah revealed the verse, ‘The man who says to his parents, “Fie on you!”…’” ({{Quran|46|17}}). From behind the curtain, Aisha’s voice contradicted, “Marwan is lying! Allah never revealed any part of the Qur’an about any member of Abu Bakr’s family except ''me''! But Allah’s Apostle cursed Marwan’s father before Marwan was born, so Marwan is full of Allah’s curse.”<ref>{{Bukhari|6|60|352}}; [http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2041&Itemid=102/ Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir'' on Q46:17.]; Jarrett/Suyuti p. 207.</ref> The strictures of the Veil had saved Aisha’s brother for the time being. Fortunately for Abdulrahman, Muaawiya soon afterwards re-assessed the political situation and decided not to press the point.<ref>Jarrett/Suyuti p. 200.</ref> | ||
Despite the observation of these basic courtesies, however, it is clear that Aisha was in no position to overrule anyone of importance. When she heard that Marwan’s brother had taken his newly divorced daughter into his own home, Aisha instructed Marwan to follow the Islamic procedure for the ''idda'' and order his niece’s return to her husband’s house.<ref>{{Bukhari|7|63|242}}.</ref> The Governor pleaded the precedent of Fatima bint Qays,<ref>{{Bukhari|7|63|242}}; {{Abudawud|12|2288}}.</ref> whom Muhammad had long ago allowed to serve her ''idda'' at the house of a blind man.<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2282}}.</ref> Aisha, who had “severely objected” to that ruling, told Marwan that, “Fatima lived in a desolate house and she feared for her loneliness there,” so Muhammad had made a special exception,<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2285}}.</ref> which should not be used as a general precedent.<ref>{{Bukhari|7|63|242}}; {{Abudawud|12|2286}}.</ref> Marwan advised Aisha that if she understood why Muhammad had made an exception for Fatima, she ought to understand why his niece also had good reason to be considered an exception.<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2288}}.</ref> The silence as to the outcome of the dispute indicates that, even in this trivial matter, Aisha did not prevail against the Governor. | Despite the observation of these basic courtesies, however, it is clear that Aisha was in no position to overrule anyone of importance. When she heard that Marwan’s brother had taken his newly divorced daughter into his own home, Aisha instructed Marwan to follow the correct Islamic procedure for the ''idda'' and order his niece’s return to her husband’s house.<ref>{{Bukhari|7|63|242}}.</ref> The Governor pleaded the precedent of Fatima bint Qays,<ref>{{Bukhari|7|63|242}}; {{Abudawud|12|2288}}.</ref> whom Muhammad had long ago allowed to serve her ''idda'' at the house of a blind man.<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2282}}.</ref> Aisha, who had “severely objected” to that ruling, told Marwan that, “Fatima lived in a desolate house and she feared for her loneliness there,” so Muhammad had made a special exception,<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2285}}.</ref> which should not be used as a general precedent.<ref>{{Bukhari|7|63|242}}; {{Abudawud|12|2286}}.</ref> Marwan advised Aisha that if she understood why Muhammad had made an exception for Fatima, she ought to understand why his niece also had good reason to be considered an exception.<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2288}}.</ref> The silence as to the outcome of the dispute indicates that, even in this trivial matter, Aisha did not prevail against the Governor. | ||
Aisha devoted the last 17 years of her life to professional rather than political activities. She continued to teach the Qur’an and to reminisce about Muhammad. She said that it did not matter in which order the ''suras'' of the Qur’an were arranged, but she could, on request, recite them in chronological order.<ref>{{Bukhari|6|61|515}}.</ref> Whenever she recited, “Women, remain in your houses,”<ref>{{Quran|33|33}}.</ref> she wept until her veil was soaked.<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:56.</ref> | Aisha devoted the last 17 years of her life to professional rather than political activities. She continued to teach the Qur’an and to reminisce about Muhammad. She said that it did not matter in which order the ''suras'' of the Qur’an were arranged, but she could, on request, recite them in chronological order.<ref>{{Bukhari|6|61|515}}.</ref> Whenever she recited, “Women, remain in your houses,”<ref>{{Quran|33|33}}.</ref> she wept until her veil was soaked.<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:56.</ref> | ||