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...ntastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal]] literature. {{Main|Virgin Conception of Jesus in the Qur'an}}

...distance. Whereas Islamic law was formulated in the harsh, unpredictable, and austere environment of 7th-9th century Arabia, modern Human rights doctrine .... On occasion, the scriptures diverge from this standard, inclusive usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scri

...ller minority that of civil violence, the overwhelming majority of Islamic scholars today embrace the tradition of Islamic violence in all three respects. ==Muhammad==

...Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]]. {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy}}

This article is about the use of camel urine as medicine in the [[Hadith]]s and how such usage is viewed in the Muslim world. ...go to the (herd of milch) camels of charity and to '''drink''', their milk and '''urine''' (as a medicine).}}

...an escatalogical context and has been of considerable interest to academic scholars. ...Within three to nine years. To Allah belongs the command before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice<BR />

...s or highlight a hadith stating that Muhammad himself never struck a woman and narrations claiming that the instruction in his farewell sermon referred to {{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}

...h bin Abdul Muttalib (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

...system is that they are not allowed to repair or build anew their churches and synagogues - damaged architecture must remain so.]] ...onner|author-link=Michael Bonner|title=Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=2008|page=89|isbn=97

...ted by the scholars as requiring that the dhimmi suffers blows to his body and neck while in the process of paying the tax. Historically the pressure of t ==Qur'an==

[[Category:Islam and Science]] [[Category:Qur'an]]

...mber of houris that will be awarded to [[Martyr|martyrs]] (see "72 Virgins Hadith Narrations" below). ...and all will have appetizing vaginas.''" - Al-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, p. 351</ref>

...her companions. In affect, according the majority of authors, he only knew Muhammad during the latter part of his life: at most he knew the prophet for 4 years ...e became the governor of Bahrain during the reign of ‘Umar Ibn al-Khattâb, and he subsequently abandoned the post then became emir of Madinah under the ca

...dith]], and [[scholars]] place many restrictions on what the believers can and cannot do. ==Qur'an==

...t its verses as alluding to the process. This article describes the verses and arguments that are sometimes employed for such purposes, as well as those c ...backed by multiple lines of evidence, including overwhelming DNA evidence and the numerous fossils of pre-Homo sapiens species that lived on earth for mi

...Ibn Ishaq]]. These sources impart to their readers many ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model beh ...nformation in modern academic scholarship, as well as by Islamic modernist scholars.

...'Umariyya) (637 AD) is an agreement between a subdued Christian population and the Muslim invaders led by ''Umar Ibn Al-Khattab'', the second [[Rashidun C ...by Islam and, by extension, Umar's pact, still dictate how many revivalist and fundamentalist Muslims would like to see non-Muslims in Muslim society trea

...s, and believers who commit sins against Allah may also be sent there. The hadith also adds in the curious detail that most of the inhabitants of hell are/sh ==Qur'an==

...Jews in relation to the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. ==Qur'an==

...gs of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...(being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted by [[Sahabah|Muhammad's companions]] in [[Medina]]).